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Task: maths Purpose: Mathematical operations on images and image data Categories: utility, map combination, map manipulation MATHS is a MIRIAD task that performs arithmetic expressions on a number of images. The expression to be performed is given in a FORTRAN-like syntax, and can consist of operators, real constants and FORTRAN functions. Normal FORTRAN precedence applies. Operators can be +, -, * and /, and all logical and relational operators (e.g. .and. .or. .not. .gt. .ge. etc,). In MATHS convention, a positive value is considered TRUE, and a negative or zero value is considered FALSE. Functions appear only in the generic, rather than specific forms. For example use "log10" rather than "alog10", and "max" rather than "amax1". Integers and double precision constants are converted to reals. File names take the place of variables, and the expression is evaluated on each pixel of the image. When there is more than one file name in the input expression, the expression is evaluated at corresponding pixels of the input images. For example to average image "fred" with image "bill", use: exp=(fred+bill)/2 When a file name starts with a numeric character, or contains a character which might be confused with an operator the file name should be bracketed by angular ( < and > ). For example: exp=(<2ndtry>+bill.dat)/2 mask=<bmap.fft>.gt.0.5 Files cannot take the name "x", "y", or "z". MATHS interprets these as being the 3 independent variables of an image, which vary linearly between the limits set by the XRANGE, YRANGE and ZRANGE parameters. The user chooses the meaning of these units. For example, to create one cycle of a two dimensional sine wave along the x and y coordinate axes use: exp=sin(x)*sin(y) xrange=-3.14,3.14 yrange=-3.14,3.14 In addition to the expression, MATHS also allows the user to specify a "mask expression". MATHS main expression is only evaluated at pixels where the "mask expression" is TRUE or positive valued. MATHS does not check for divide by zero, logs of a negative number or any similar problem. It will probably crash if this is attempted. Consequently, when performing potentially dangerous operations, it is best to guard the main expression by masking out dangerous situations. The mask expression can also be used to prevent the calculation where doing so would be undesirable for other reasons (e.g. where the signal is too weak to get meaningful results). For example: exp=sqrt(fred) mask=fred.gt.0 Key: exp The expression to be evaluated. Key: mask The mask expression. The expression given by "exp" is evaluated only at those pixels where the mask expression is TRUE or positive valued. Pixels, which fail this test, are marked as blank in the output image. Key: region The region of interest in the input images. Full region specifications are supported, however the output map will contain only the bounding box. (see also mask=) Default: full map. Key: out The name of the output image. Key: imsize The output image size. This is used only if there is no input images (i.e. the expression consists of a function of "x" and "y" only). No default. Key: xrange When "x" is present in the input expression, the x variable is varied linearly between the two limits set by XRANGE. The default is -0.5,0.5. Key: yrange When "y" is present in the input expression, the y variable is varied linearly between the two limits set by YRANGE. The default is -0.5,0.5 Key: zrange When "z" is present in the input expression, the z variable is varied linearly between the two limits set br ZRANGE. The default is 0,1. Key: options Extra processing options. Several can be given, separated by commas. Minimum match is used. grow Allow inputs to "grow" extra axes, if needed, through replication. For example, if the expression subtracts a single-plane image from a cube, options=grow allows the operation to proceed by first growing the image into a cube through replication the plane. Normally (i.e. without this option), MATHS insists that the inputs must be identical in size. unmask Treat all pixels as if they were valid. Revision: 1.5, 2011/03/30 05:34:52 UTC