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Ground-Based Solar Observatories

Ground-Based Observatories

The following is a list of all known ground-based solar observatories that operate on a routine basis to obtain scientific observations of the sun. The observatories are sorted according to longitude, from east to west. There 100 observatories on the list and 180 separate "instruments". Please send any corrections or updates to kreardon@arcetri.astro.it. To view additional details about each instrument (when available), click here.


Fig. 1: The distribution of the observatories around the globe.

Last Update: 02 October, 2006


# 1
Location: Narrabri, Australia Longitude: 149.8 E Latitude: 30.30 S
Telescope: BiSON site Instrument:
Telescope: IRIS Site Instrument: Sodium resonance cell

# 2 Culgoora Solar Observatory
Location: Culgoora, Australia Longitude: 149.6 E Latitude: 30.30 S
Telescope: Instrument: 12cm refractor
Telescope: Instrument: radiospectrograph

# 3
Location: Bruny Island, Australia Longitude: 147.2 E Latitude: 42.40 S
Telescope: Instrument: Radio Spectrometer

# 4 Hiraiso Solar Terrestrial Research Center
Location: Japan Longitude: 140.6 E Latitude: 36.4 N
Telescope: Instrument: 15 cm refractor
Telescope: Instrument: refractor
Telescope: Hiraiso Radio Spectrograph Instrument: Hiraiso Radio Spectrograph

# 5 National Astronomical Observatory,
Location: Mitaka, Japan Longitude: 139.6 E Latitude: 36.1 N
Telescope: Solar Flare Telescope Instrument: Solar Flare Telescope
Telescope: STEP Instrument: STEP 6.5 cm heliostat/refractor
Telescope: Instrument: 10 cm refractor
Telescope: Instrument: 4 cm refractor

# 6 Nobeyama Solar Radio Observatory
Location: Japan Longitude: 138.2 E Latitude: 36.4 N
Telescope: Instrument: Radioheliograph, 84 antennas
Telescope: Instrument: Radio Polarimeters,
Telescope: Instrument: Spectrometers (meter-waves)

# 7 Norikura Solar Observatory
Location: Japan Longitude: 137.6 E Latitude: 36.1 N
Telescope: Instrument: 3 coronagraph

# 8 Hida Observatory
Location: Japan Longitude: 137.4 E Latitude: 36.3 N
Telescope: Domeless Solar Telescope Instrument: 60 cm Domeless Solar Telescope
Telescope: Flare Monitor Telescope Instrument: Flare Monitor Telescope

# 9 Okayama Astrophysical Observatory
Location: Japan Longitude: 133.6 E Latitude: 34.6 N
Telescope: Instrument: 65 cm coude reflector

# 10 Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory
Location: South Korea Longitude: 128.9 E Latitude: 9.2 N
Telescope: SOlar Flare Telescope (SOFT) Instrument: SOlar Flare Telescope (SOFT) 20 cm x 2, 15 cm x 2

# 11 Huairou Solar Observing Station, Beijing Astronomical Observatory
Location: Huairou, China Longitude: 116.6 E Latitude: 40.4 N
Telescope: Instrument: 60 cm 9-channel Gregorian Reflector
Telescope: Solar Magnetic Field Telescope Instrument: 35 cm vacuum refractor
Telescope: Full-Disk Vector Magnetograph Instrument: 10 cm refractor
Telescope: Instrument: 14 cm Refractor
Telescope: Instrument: 8 cm Refractor
Telescope: TON Site Instrument: 9 cm reflector

# 12 Learmonth Solar Observatory
Location: Australia Longitude: 114.60 E Latitude: 22.12 S
Telescope: SOON site (Solar Observing Optical Network) Instrument: SOON site (Solar Observing Optical Network)
Telescope: GONG Site Instrument: GONG Site
Telescope: RSTN Site (Radio Solar Telescope Network) Instrument: RIMS (Radio Interference Monitoring Sets)
Telescope: RSTN Site Instrument: SFIR (Swept Frequency Interferometric Radiometer)

# 13
Location: Carnarvon, Australia Longitude: 113.8 E Latitude: 24.9 S
Telescope: BiSON Site Instrument: BiSON Site

# 14 Baikal Astrophysical Observatory
Location: Russia Longitude: 105.0 E Latitude: 54.8 N
Telescope: Instrument: 18 cm refractor
Telescope: Instrument: 18 cm refractor
Telescope: Instrument: 25.5 cm refractor
Telescope: Large Solar Vacuum Telescope (LSVT) Instrument: Large Solar Vacuum Telescope (LSVT) 76 cm refractor

# 15 Radioastrophysical Observatory
Location: Siberia, Russia Longitude: 103.2 E Latitude: 51.8 N
Telescope: SSRT? Instrument: 256-dish radio interferometer

# 16 Yunnan Astronomical Observatory
Location: China Longitude: 102.8 E Latitude: 25.0 N
Telescope: Phoenix I Corona-Radiospectrograph Instrument: Phoenix I Corona-Radiospectr. (no spatial, high time resol.)
Telescope: Solar Vacuum Telescope Instrument: Solar Vacuum Tel.(26cm)
Telescope: Solar Spectral Telescope Instrument: Solar Spectral Tel.(50cm)

# 17 Sayan Solar Observatory
Location: Irkutsk, Russia Longitude: 100.8 E Latitude: 51.6 N
Telescope: STOP Instrument: magnetograph (STOP)
Telescope: Instrument: 180mm refractor

# 18
Location: Alma-Ata, Russia Longitude: 76.9 E Latitude: 43.3 N
Telescope: OPTON refractor Instrument: OPTON refract.
Telescope: Instrument: coronagraph

# 19 National Centre for Radio Astrophysics
Location: Pune, India Longitude: 74.05 E Latitude: 19.1 N
Telescope: Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT) Instrument: 30 antenna array (150-1420 Mhz) 45 meter parabolic dishes

# 20 Udaipur Solar Observatory
Location: Udaipur, India Longitude: 73.71 E Latitude: 24.59 N
Telescope: Instrument: 15cm refractor
Telescope: Instrument: 25cm refractor
Telescope: Instrument: 15 cm Coude telescope
Telescope: GONG Site Instrument: 2.8 cm telescope

# 21 Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute
Location: Parkent, Uzbekistan Longitude: 69.97 E Latitude: 41.47 N
Telescope: IRIS Site Instrument:

# 22
Location: Tashkent, Uzbekistan Longitude: 69.29 E Latitude: 41.325
Telescope: TON Site Instrument: 9 cm reflector

# 23 Special Asrophysical Observatory
Location: Zelenchukskaya, North Caucasus, Russia Longitude: 41.59 E Latitude: 43.83 N
Telescope: RATAN 600 Instrument: Radiotelescope

# 24 Pulkovo Observatory
Location: Kislovodsk, Russia Longitude: 43.7 E Latitude: 43.9 N
Telescope: Instrument: 3coronagraphs(53,20,10cm)
Telescope: Solar Tower Telescope Instrument: Solar Tower Telescope (30cm)
Telescope: chromospheric telescope (OPTON) Instrument: chromospheric telescope (OPTON)
Telescope: Instrument: several radio dishes (1-4m)

# 25
Location: Abastumani, Georgia Longitude: 42.7 E Latitude: 41.7 N
Telescope: Instrument: several refractors

# 26
Location: Izmiran, Russia Longitude: 37.7 E Latitude: 55.8 N
Telescope: chromospheric telescope (OPTON) Instrument: chromospheric telescope (OPTON)
Telescope: Instrument: coronagraph (53cm)

# 27 Solar Radio Laboratory (LaRS)
Location: Izmiran, Russia Longitude: 37.32 E Latitude: 55.47 N
Telescope: Instrument: Radiometer
Telescope: Instrument: radiospectrograph

# 28 Kharkov Astronomical Observatory
Location: Kharkov, Ukraine Longitude: 36.23 E Latitude: 50.00 N
Telescope: Kharkov Multiwave Station of Solar Monitoring Instrument: spectroheliograph

# 29 Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
Location: Nauchny, Ukraine Longitude: 34.0 E Latitude: 44.7 N
Telescope: Solar Tower Telescope Instrument: 45cm Solar Tower Tel.(45cm)
Telescope: Instrument: coronagraph (53cm)

# 30
Location: Katzively, Ukraine Longitude: 34.0 E Latitude: 44.7 N
Telescope: Instrument: 2 radio dishes (22 + 3m)

# 31 Kandilli Observatory
Location: Kandilli, Turkey Longitude: 29.1 E Latitude: 41.1 N
Telescope: Instrument: 2 refractors (15+10cm)

# 32
Location: Bucuresti, Romania Longitude: 26.1 E Latitude: 44.4 N
Telescope: Instrument: 2 refractors (13+8cm)

# 33 MetsÄhovi Radio Observatory
Location: MetsÄhovi, Finland Longitude: 24.39 E Latitude: 60.22 N
Telescope: Instrument: 14m radio telescope

# 34 National Astronomical Observatory Rozhen
Location: Rozhen, Bulgaria Longitude: 24.74 E Latitude: 41.69 N
Telescope: Instrument: 20cm coronagr.+chrom.tel.

# 35
Location: L'vov, Ukraine Longitude: 23.9 E Latitude: 49.8 N
Telescope: Instrument: photoheliograph

# 36 Debrecen Observatory
Location: Debrecen, Hungary Longitude: 21.62 E Latitude: 47.56 N
Telescope: Instrument: 2 refractors (13 + 15cm)
Telescope: Instrument: 53cm coronagraph

# 37 South African Astronomical Observatory
Location: Sutherland, South Africa Longitude: 20.81 E Latitude: 32.38 S
Telescope: BiSON site Instrument: BiSON site

# 38 Stara Lesna Observatory
Location: Tatranska Lomnica, Slovak Republic Longitude: 20.29 E Latitude: 49.15 N
Telescope: Horizontal Solar Telescope (50 cm) Instrument: Spectrograph
Telescope: Double Solar Telescope (20 and 15 cm) Instrument:

# 39 Lomnicky Stit Observatory
Location: Slovak Republic Longitude: 20.22 E Latitude: 49.20 N
Telescope: Instrument: 20cm coronagraph

# 40 Astronomical Observatory of the Jagiellonian University
Location: Cracow, Poland Longitude: 19.83 E Latitude: 50.05 N
Telescope: 8-meter antenna Instrument: radiospectrograph

# 41 Torun Centre for Astronomy
Location: Torun, Poland Longitude: 18.56 E Latitude: 53.10 N
Telescope: Instrument: E-W radio interferometer

# 42 San Vito Air Station
Location: San Vito, Italy Longitude: 17.43 E Latitude: 40.40 N
Telescope: SOON site (Solar Observing Optical Network) Instrument: SOON site (Solar Observing Optical Network)
Telescope: RSTN Site (Radio Solar Telescope Network) Instrument: RIMS (Radio Interference Monitoring Sets)
Telescope: RSTN Site Instrument: SFIR (Swept Frequency Interferometric Radiometer)

# 43 Wroclaw Observatory
Location: Wroclaw, Poland Longitude: 17.09 E Latitude: 51.11 N
Telescope: Instrument: Small Coronagraph (13 cm)

# 44 BialkÑw Observatory
Location: Wroclaw, Poland Longitude: 16.66 E Latitude: 51.48 N
Telescope: Large Coronagraph (53 cm) Instrument: MSDP
Telescope: Solar Horizonal Telescope Instrument:

# 45 Hvar Observatory
Location: Hvar, Croatia Longitude: 16.45 E Latitude: 43.18 N
Telescope: Instrument: refractor

# 46 Ondrejov Observatory
Location: Ondrejov, Czech Republic Longitude: 14.8 E Latitude: 49.9 N
Telescope: Instrument: 2 patrol refrac.(7.5+11cm)
Telescope: Instrument: coronagraph (13cm)
Telescope: Instrument: 2 horizontal tel.(23+50cm)
Telescope: Instrument: refractor (20.5cm)
Telescope: Instrument: 7.5 and 3m radio antenna
Telescope: Instrument: 10 and 3m radio antenna

# 47 Astronomical Observatory of Catania
Location: Catania, Italy Longitude: 15.1 E Latitude: 35.5 N
Telescope: Instrument: refractors (15cm)

# 48 KanzelhÆhe Solar Observatory
Location: KanzelhÆhe,Austria Longitude: 14.9 E Latitude: 46.7 N
Telescope: Instrument: 2 refractors (11+10cm)

# 49 Capodimonte Astronomical Observatory
Location: Naples, Italy Longitude: 14.26 E Latitude: 40.86 N
Telescope: VAMOS Instrument: VAMOS

# 50 Trieste Astronomical Observatory
Location: Basovizza, Italy Longitude: 13.8 E Latitude: 43.7 N
Telescope: MMSRP Instrument: mMSRP - 10m parabolic dish
Telescope: DmMSRP Instrument: DmMSRP - 3m parabolic dish

# 51 Einsteinturm Solar Observatory
Location: Potsdam, Germany Longitude: 13.1 E Latitude: 52.4 N
Telescope: Einsteinturm Instrument: Einsteinturm (60cmCoel.)
Telescope: OSRA Instrument: OSRA: 4 sweep spectrogr.+ 14 single freq. polarimeters

# 52 Rome Astronomical Observatory
Location: Monte Porzio, Rome, Italy Longitude: 12.45 E Latitude: 41.92 N
Telescope: PSPT Instrument: PSPT

# 53 Istituto Ricerche Solari Locarno
Location: Locarno, Switzerland Longitude: 8.8 E Latitude: 46.167 N
Telescope: Instrument: 45 cm Gregorian

# 54
Location: Bleien, Switzerland Longitude: 8.7 E Latitude: 47.4 N
Telescope: Phoenix Broadband Spectrometer Instrument: Phoenix Broadband Spectrometer

# 55
Location: Haute Provence, France Longitude: 6 E Latitude: 44 N
Telescope: Instrument: heliograph

# 56 Royal Observatory of Belgium
Location: Brussels, Belgium Longitude: 5.3 E Latitude: 50.2 N
Telescope: Instrument: radioheliograph (Interf.)
Telescope: Instrument: 10m antenna
Telescope: Instrument: 2 refractors (12+16cm)

# 57 Observatory of Paris
Location: Meudon, France Longitude: 2.3 E Latitude: 48.8 N
Telescope: Instrument: helio- + spectroheliograph

# 58 NanÃay Observatory
Location: NanÃay, France Longitude: 2.2 E Latitude: 47.4 N
Telescope: Instrument: multifreq. radioheliogr.

# 59 Ebre Observatory
Location: Roquetas, Spain Longitude: 0.49 E Latitude: 40.82 N
Telescope: Instrument: refractor

# 60 Observatory of Pic du Midi
Location: Pic du Midi, France Longitude: 0.1 E Latitude: 43.0 N
Telescope: Instrument: coronagraph

# 61 Bordeaux Observatory
Location: Bordeaux, France Longitude: 0.52 W Latitude: 44.84 N
Telescope: Instrument: equatorial refractor

# 62
Location: OukaÎmden, Morrocco Longitude: 7.5 W Latitude: 31.25 N
Telescope: IRIS Site Instrument: Sodium resonance cell

# 63 ObservatÑrio AstronÑmico da Universidade de Coimbra (OAUC)
Location: Coimbra, Portugal Longitude: 8.5 W Latitude: 40.2 N
Telescope: Instrument: spectroheliograph

# 64 Prof. Manuel de Barros Observatory
Location: Oporto, Portugal Longitude: 8.59 W Latitude: 41.11 N
Telescope: Solar Radio Spectrograph of Porto Instrument: radiospectrograph

# 65 Kiepenheuer Insitute of Solar Physics
Location: Izaßa, Tenerife, Spain Longitude: 16.51 W Latitude: 28.30 N
Telescope: Vaccum Tower Telescope Instrument: VTT(70cm)
Telescope: Instrument:

# 66
Location: Izaßa, Tenerife, Spain Longitude: 16.51 W Latitude: 28.30 N
Telescope: Gregorian Coude Telescope Instrument: GCT(45cm)

# 67
Location: Izaßa, Tenerife, Spain Longitude: 16.51 W Latitude: 28.30 N
Telescope: GREGOR (150 cm) Instrument: GREGOR (150 cm)

# 68 THEMIS
Location: Izaßa, Tenerife, Spain Longitude: 16.51 W Latitude: 28.30 N
Telescope: THEMIS Instrument: THEMIS (90cm)

# 69 Teide Observatory
Location: Izaßa, Tenerife, Spain Longitude: 16.51 W Latitude: 28.30 N
Telescope: Vacuum Newtonian Telescope (VNT) Instrument: VNT (40cm)

# 70 Solar Laboratory
Location: Izaßa, Tenerife, Spain Longitude: 16.51 W Latitude: 28.30 N
Telescope: BiSON site Instrument: BiSON site
Telescope: GONG Site Instrument: 2.8 cm telescope
Telescope: TON Site Instrument: 9 cm reflector
Telescope: IRIS Site Instrument: Sodium resonance cell
Telescope: LOI Site Instrument: LOI Site

# 71 Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
Location: RdM, La Palma, Spain Longitude: 17.88 W Latitude: 28.76 N
Telescope: New Swedish Solar Telescope (NSST) Instrument: Swedish Tower (100cm)

# 72 Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
Location: RdM, La Palm, Spaina Longitude: 17.88 W Latitude: 28.76 N
Telescope: Dutch Open Telescope Instrument: Dutch Open Telescope (45 cm)

# 73
Location: Itapetinga, Brazil Longitude: 46.5 W Latitude: 23.2 S
Telescope: Instrument: 13.7m dish

# 75 OAFA - CASLEO
Location: El Leoncito, San Juan, Argentina Longitude: 69.33 W Latitude: 31.8 S
Telescope: Solar Submilimeter Telescope (SST) Instrument: Solar Submilimeter Telescope (SST) (150 cm)

# 76 OAFA - C.U. Cesco Station
Location: El Leoncito, San Juan, Argentina Longitude: 69.33 W Latitude: 31.80 S
Telescope: H-alpha Solar Telescope for Argentina (HASTA) Instrument: H-alpha Solar Telescope for Argentina (HASTA)
Telescope: Mirror Coronagraph for Argentina (MICA) Instrument: Mirror Coronagraph for Argentina (MICA)

# 77 Sagamore Hill RSTN Site
Location: Sagamore Hill, MA, USA Longitude: 70.82 W Latitude: 42.63 N
Telescope: RSTN Site Instrument: RIMS (Radio Interference Monitoring Sets)
Telescope: RSTN Site Instrument: SFIR (Swept Frequency Interferometric Radiometer)

# 78 Las Campanas Observatory
Location: Cerro Las Campanas, Chile Longitude: 70.7 W Latitude: 29.01 S
Telescope: BiSON site Instrument: BiSON site

# 79 La Silla Observatory
Location: La Silla, Chile Longitude: 70.73 W Latitude: 29.26 S
Telescope: IRIS Site Instrument: Sodium resonance cell

# 80 Cerro Tololo Astronomical Observatory
Location: La Serena, Chile Longitude: 70.81 W Latitude: 30.17 S
Telescope: GONG Site Instrument: 2.8 cm telescope

# 81 Stull Observatory
Location: Alfred, NY, USA Longitude: 77.79 W Latitude: 42.25 N
Telescope: Instrument: 20 cm Schmidt-Cassegrain

# 82 NASA / Marshall Space Flight Center
Location: Huntsville, AL, USA Longitude: 86.6 W Latitude: 34.7 N
Telescope: Instrument: 30cm magnetograph
Telescope: Instrument: 3 auxil.tel.(H/WL)

# 83 Prairie View Solar Observatory
Location: Prairie View, TX, USA Longitude: Latitude:
Telescope: Instrument: 35-cm Gregorian vacuum telescope

# 84 Space Environment Laboratory
Location: Boulder, CO,USA Longitude: 105.2 W Latitude: 40.0 N
Telescope: Instrument: Patrol instr.

# 85 National Solar Observatory
Location: Sac Peak, NM, USA Longitude: 105.8 W Latitude: 32.8 N
Telescope: Dunn Solar Telescope Instrument: VTT (75cm)
Telescope: HAO Stokes Polarimeter Instrument: HAO Stokes Polarimeter
Telescope: J. Evans Facility Instrument: J.Evans Facility
Telescope: Hilltop Facility Instrument: Hilltop Facility

# 86 SOON
Location: Holloman, NM, USA Longitude: 106.0 W Latitude: 33 N
Telescope: SOON site Instrument: SOON site

# 87 National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Location: Socorro, NM, USA Longitude: 106.9 W Latitude: 34.1 N
Telescope: Very Large Array (VLA) Instrument: aperture synth.telesc.

# 88 Carl Sagan Observatory (OCS)
Location: Cerro Azul, Mexico Longitude: 110.57 W Latitude: 30.73 N
Telescope: Instrument:

# 89 Solar Observation Station (EOS)
Location: Hermosillo, Mexico Longitude: 110.96 W Latitude: 29.08 N
Telescope: Instrument: 12.5 cm reflector

# 90 National Solar Observatory
Location: Kitt Peak, AZ, USA Longitude: 111.6 W Latitude: 32.0 N
Telescope: McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope Facility Instrument: 150 cm heliostat, 2 x 91 cm heliostats
Telescope: Vacuum Telescope Instrument: 70 cm coelostat, vacuum
Telescope: SOLIS Instrument:

# 91 Big Bear Solar Observatory
Location: Big Bear, CA, USA Longitude: 117.0 W Latitude: 34.3 N
Telescope: Instrument: 65cm Gregorian +
Telescope: Instrument: patrol instruments,
Telescope: Instrument: vector magnetograph
Telescope: GONG Site Instrument: 2.8 cm telescope
Telescope: TON Site Instrument: 9 cm reflector

# 92 Owens Valley Radio Observatory
Location: Owens Valley, CA, USA Longitude: 117.9 W Latitude: 36.4 N
Telescope: OVRO radiospectrometer Instrument: OVRO radiospectrometer

# 93 Mount Wilson Observatory
Location: Mt.Wilson, CA, USA Longitude: 118.1 W Latitude: 34.3 N
Telescope: 150 foot Tower Tel. Instrument: 150 foot Tower Tel.
Telescope: Instrument:

# 94 San Fernando Observatory
Location: Sylmar, CA, USA Longitude: 118.5 W Latitude: 34.3 N
Telescope: Instrument: 5cm + 15cm refractors
Telescope: Instrument: 38cm + 61cm refractors + spectroheliograph

# 95 Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
Location: Penticton, BC, Canada Longitude: 119.62 W Latitude: 49.32 N
Telescope: Instrument: 10.7 cm Solar Flux Monitor

# 96
Location: Hat Creek, USA Longitude: 121.5 W Latitude: 40.8 N
Telescope: BIMA millimeter array Instrument: BIMA millimeter array

# 97 Wilconx Solar Observatory
Location: Wilcox, CA, USA Longitude: 122.2 W Latitude: 37.4 N
Telescope: Magnetograph Instrument: Magnetograph
Telescope: IRIS Network Site Instrument: Sodium resonance cell

# 98 Mees Solar Observatory
Location: Haleakala, HI, USA Longitude: 155.4 W Latitude: 19.6 N
Telescope: POI & K-KLINE Imagers Instrument: POI & K-KLINE Imagers
Telescope: MCCD Instrument: MCCD
Telescope: Stokes Polarimeter Instrument: Stokes Polarimeter
Telescope: Imaging Vector Magnetograph (IVM) Instrument: vector magnetograph (IVM)
Telescope: H-alpha coronagraph Instrument: H-alpha coronagraph

# 99 Mauna Loa Solar Observatory
Location: MaunaLoa, HI, USA Longitude: 156.6 W Latitude: 19.5 N
Telescope: Mark-III Coronographs Instrument: Mark-III Coronographs
Telescope: Mark-IV Coronographs Instrument: Mark-IV Coronographs
Telescope: Digital Prominence Monitor Polarimeter for Inner Coronal Studies Instrument: Digital Prominence Monitor Polarimeter for Inner Coronal Studies
Telescope: Chromospheric Helium I Imaging Photometer (CHIP) Instrument: Chromospheric Helium I Imaging Photometer (CHIP)
Telescope: Precision Solar Photometric Telescope (PSPT) Instrument: Precision Solar Photometric Telescope (PSPT)
Telescope: Experiment for Coordinated Helioseismic Observations (ECHO) Instrument: Experiment for Coordinated Helioseismic Observations (ECHO)
Telescope: GONG Site Instrument: 2.8 cm telescope