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discussions
were
added.
However,
the
main
idea
of
the
book,
namely
--
the
presentation
of
main
approximate
solutions
of
light
scattering
media
optics
in
the
Teruyuki
Nakajima
(University
of
Tokyo,
Japan),
and
Prof.
Reiner
Weichert
(Technical
University
Clausthal,
Germany)
for
many
helpful
discussions
of
ligh
aspects
of
light
interaction
with
inhomogeneous
media.
I
also
acknowledge
the
support
by
INTAS
grant
99/652.
ii
PREFACE
TO
THE
FIRST
EDITION
The
main
subject
of
this
book
is
the
interaction
of
light
with
disperse
systems,
Stokes
vector
or
the
density
matrix.
computers.
Another
approach
calls
for
the
replacement
of
a
disperse
system
by
a
continuous
medium
with
some
phenomenological
propagation
constants.
The
last
the
specific
conductivity,
dielectri
permitivity,
and
magnetic
permeability.
These
electrodynamics
of
continuous
media
and
consider
the
light
propagation
in
the
framework
of
the
radiative
transfer
theory
afterwards.
Such
a
simplified
approach
is
spectrum.

iii
Both
the
electrodynamics
of
continuous
media
and
the
radiative
transfer
theory
can
be
considered
as
special
branches
of
the
mathematical
physics
with
its
own
My
objective
here
is
completely
different.
Exact
methods
are
out
f
scope
of
constants)
and
optical
(the
intensity
or
Stokes
vector
of
the
reflected,
internal
or
transmitted
light)
properties
of
disperse
systems.
But
the
main
key
reason
for
my
Main
definitions
are
presented
in
the
introductory
Chapter
I.
optically
soft
and
hard
particles
are
considered.
The
subject
of
Chapter
III
is
approximate
results
of
the
radiative
transfer
Complex
problems
of
close­packed
media,
where
the
use
of
the
radiative
transfer
equation
is
in
question,
are
touched
upon
in
Chapter
IV.
iv
Chapter
V
is
the
outcome
of
Chapters
II­IV.
Here
the
simple
approximate
relationships
derived
are
used
for
the
solution
of
a
number
of
applied
problems.
For
properties
with
exact
theoretical
methods.
This
is
impossible
in
the
case
of
natura
not
available
a
priori.
Moreover,
these
parameters
rapidly
change
in
space
and
time.
Thus,
we
arrive
at
the
important
conclusion
that,
in
the
field
of
geooptics,
result
Praxis
Series
in
Atmospheric
Physics
and
Climatology.
However,
I
do
hope
that
thi
Finally,
I
thank
Eleonora
Zege,
who
taught
me
light
scattering.

v
Table
of
contents
Preface
to
the
First
Edition
iii
2.
PARTICLES
7
3.
RADIATIVE
TRANSFER
17
1.
PARTICLES
SMALL
COMPARED
TO
THE
WAVELENGTH
43
2.
PARTICLES
WITH
THE
DIAMETER
COMPARABLE
TO
THE
3.1.
Geometrical
optics
approximation
59
3.2.
Spheres
64
3.2.4
Expansion
of
the
phase
function
on
Legandre
polynomials
80
3.2.5
The
glory
83
vi
4.
PARTICLES
WITH
THE
REFRACTIVE
INDEX
CLOSE
TO
THE
REFRACTIVE
INDEX
OF
A
HOST
MEDIUM
94
4.2.2.
Spheres
104
4.3.
Perelman
approximation
112
5.
PARTICLES
WITH
THE
REFRACTIVE
INDEX
LARGE
COMPARATIVELY
6.2.
Rayleigh
approximation
123
6.4.2.
Layered
spheres
135
6.5.
Geometrical
optics
approximation
143
2.
THIN
LAYERS
154
3.
THICK
LAYERS
159

vii
3.1.
General
solutions
159
3.2.
Isotropic
scattering
166
3.4.2
Polarization
of
reflected
and
transmitted
light
183
5.2
The
small
--
angle
patterns
of
optically
dense
disperse
media
203
6.
STRONGLY
ABSORBING
MEDIA
211
2.
TRANSMITTANCE
OF
LIGHT
THROUGH
A
MONOLAYER
OF
DENSLY
PACKED
LARGE
PARTICLES
234
viii
V
APPLICATIONS
1.
RADIATIVE
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
NATURAL
MEDIA
247
1.2
Snow
256
1.4.2
Reflection
of
light
from
ocean
266
2.
IMAGE
TRANSFER
269
3.3.
Determination
of
the
optical
thickness
of
aerosol
layers
284
4.2.
Blood
optics
301
5.
PLANETARY
OPTICS
304
PARTICLES
316
Appendix
III
SPECIAL
FUNCTIONS
320

ix
Appendix
IV
LIGHT
SCATTERING
ON
THE
INTERNET
324
Appendix
V
PHASE
FUNCTIONS
326