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: http://www.astro.louisville.edu/software/sbig/archive/xmccd-4.1/xmccd-4.1e/xpa-2.1.14/doc/inet.html
Дата изменения: Thu Dec 25 05:29:18 2003 Дата индексирования: Thu Feb 27 22:37:11 2014 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: http www.stsci.edu science goods |
When the Communication Method is set to inet (as it is by default), XPA can be used to communicate between different computers on the Internet. INET sockets utilize the IP address of the given machine and a (usually random) port number to communicate between processes on the same machine or between different machines on the Internet. These standard Internet sockets are also used by programs such as Netscape, ftp. etc.
XPA supports a host-based Access Control mechanism to prevent unauthorized access of XPA access points by other computers on the Net. By default, only the machine on which the XPA server is running can access XPA services. Therefore, setting up communication between a local XPA server machine and a remote client machine requires a two-part registration process:
[sh]$ xpaget xpa -acl *:* 123.456.78.910 gisa *:* localhost gisaUsing xpaset and the -acl sub-command, a remote client machine can be given permission to perform xpaget, xpaset, xpaaccess, or xpainfo operations. For example, to allow the xpaget operation, the following command can be issued on the local machine:
[sh]$ xpaset -p xpa -acl "remote_machine g"This results in the following access permissions on the local machine:
[sh]$ xpaget xpa -acl XPA:xpa 234.567.89.012 g *:* 123.456.78.910 gisa *:* localhost gisaThe remote client can now use the local server's xpans name server to establish communication with the local XPA service. This can be done on a call-by-call basis using the -i switch on xpaset, xpaget, etc:
[sh]$ xpaget -i "local_machine:12345" xpa class: XPA name: xpa method: 88877766:2778 sendian: little cendian: bigAlternatively, the XPA_NSINET variable on the remote machine can be set to point directly to xpans on the local machine, removing the need to override this value each time an XPA program is run:
[csh]$ setenv XPA_NSINET 'karapet:$port' [csh]$ xpaget xpa class: XPA name: xpa method: 88877766:2778 sendian: little cendian: bigHere, '$port' means to use the default XPA name service port (14285). not a port environment variable.
Access permission for remote client machines can be stored in a file on the local machine pointed to by the XPA_ACLFILE environment variable or using the XPA_DEFACL environment variable. See XPA Access Control for more information.
[sh]$ ./xpaset -p xpa -remote 'remote_machine:$port' +To register the local xpa access point on the remote machine with xpaget access only, execute:
[sh]$ ./xpaset -p xpa -remote 'remote_machine:$port' gOnce the remote registration command is executed, the remote client machine will have an entry such as the following in its own xpans name service:
[csh]$ xpaget xpans XPA xpa gs 88877766:2839 ericThe xpa access point can now be utilized on the remote machine without further setup:
[csh]$ xpaget xpa class: XPA name: xpa method: 838e2f68:2839 sendian: little cendian: bigTo unregister remote access from the local machine, use the same command but with a '-' argument:
[sh]$ xpaset -p xpa -remote 'remote_machine:$port' -The benefit of using remote registration is that communication with remote access points can be mixed with that of other access points on the remote machine. Using Access Point Names and Templates, one XPA command can be used to send or receive messages to the remote and local services.
To allow locally fire-walled XPA services to register with remote machines, we have implemented a proxy service within the xpans name server. To register remote proxy service, xpaset and the -remote sub-command is again used, but with an additional -proxy argument added to the end of the command:
[sh]$ ./xpaset -p xpa -remote 'remote_machine:$port' g -proxyOnce a remote proxy registration command is executed, the remote machine will have an entry such as the following in its own xpans name service:
[csh]$ xpaget xpans XPA xpa gs @88877766:2839 ericThe '@' sign in the name service entry indicates that xpans proxy processing is being used for this access point. Other than that, from the user's point of view, there is no difference in how this XPA access point is contacted using XPA programs (xpaset, xpaget, etc.) or libraries:
[csh]$ xpaget xpa class: XPA name: xpa method: 88877766:3053 sendian: little cendian: big
Of course, the underlying processing of the XPA requests is very much different when xpans proxy is involved. Instead of an XPA program such contacting the XPA service directly, it contacts the local xpans. Acting as a proxy server, xpans communicates with the XPA service using the command channel established at registration time. Commands (including establishing a new data channel) are sent between xpans and the XPA service to set up a new message transfer, and then data is fed to/from the xpa request, through xpans, from/to the XPA service. In this way, it can be arranged so that connections between the fire-walled XPA service and the remote client are always initiated by the XPA service itself. Thus, incoming connections that would be blocked by the firewall are avoided. Note that there is a performance penalty for using the xpans/proxy service. Aside from extra overhead to set up proxy communication, all data must be sent through the intermediate proxy process.
The xpans proxy scheme requires that the remote client allow the local XPA server machine to connect to the remote xpans/proxy server. If the remote client machine also is behind a port-blocking firewall, such connections will be disallowed. In this case, the only solution is to open up some ports on the remote client machine to allow incoming connections to xpans/proxy. Two ports must be opened (for command and data channel connections). By default, these two ports are 14285 and 14287. The port numbers can be changed using the XPA_NSINET environment variable. This variable takes the form:
setenv XPA_NSINET machine:port1[,port2[,port3]]where port1 is the main connecting port, port2 is the XPA access port, and port3 is the secondary data connecting port. The second and third ports are optional and default to port1+1 and port1+2, respectively. It is port1 and port3 that must be left open for incoming connections.
For example, to change the port assignments so that xpans listens for registration commands on port 12345 and data commands on port 28573:
setenv XPA_NSINET myhost:12345Alternatively, all three ports can be assigned explicitly:
setenv XPA_NSINET remote:12345,3000,12346In this case 12345 and 12346 should be open for incoming connections. The XPA access port (which need not be open to the outside world) is set to 3000.
Finally, note that we currently have no mechanism to cope with Internet proxy servers (such as SOCKS servers). If an XPA service is running on a machine that cannot connect directly to outside machines, but goes through a proxy server instead, there currently is no way to register that XPA service with a remote machine. We hope to implement support for SOCKS proxy in a future release.