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Installation Instructions for XmCCD with the SBIG Library
=========================================================

This is a recipe for installing XmCCD and auxiliary software especially for
those who may not have experience with Linux system management. If you try
this and find I have left out something, please let me know and I will
include it in the next version.

I. Resources
-------------

First, you will need the software sources. It is best to compile xmccd from the
source to be sure that it will work with your system. More complex programs
such as the display software ds9 are available in binary form, though even in
that case it is best to compile from the source if you do not find the task too
daunting.

You will need these programs or files before you can take the software for a
test run:

1. xmccd-x.x.x.tar.gz

This is the gzipped tarfile for the software. The latest version from

http://www.astro.louisville.edu/moore/software

will include the SBIG udrv library that was most recently tested with the
program.


2. LessTif or Motif libraries.

Your system may already have what you need.
If you are in doubt, look for library files such as libXm.a, libXm.la, and
libXm.so which are usually in /usr/X11R6/lib. You might also simply
try to compile xmccd (see below) before you proceed to install Motif, and if
there is an error message that a library is missing, that is a good indication
that you need to install either LessTif or Motif. Also, if you succeeded in
compiling XEphem from source, then you have the necessary library files
already.

If you find you do not have one of these on your system, the simplest
approach is to go to your Linux distribution and retrieve a package. If you
have a choice, take the one that is installed by default since it is most likely
to be set up properly.

Alternatively, use the opensource version of Motif from

http://www.openmotif.org/

or the Gnu-licensed version of LessTif at

http://www.lesstif.org/


select "Downloads" on the webpage, retrieve the last stable version,
and follow their installation instructions.

Once installed properly, Imakefile should find the libraries and create a
suitable makefile for your system during the compilation of of XmCCD described
below.


3. SBIG Linux library routines.

There will be a version of these in the xmccd package in its sbig subdirectory. If you want to
check the original, go to the SBIG Linux website, currently at

http://www.sbig.com/sbwhtmls/devsw.htm#Section%20IV

Note that if you choose to download their development package, make sure that
the libraries and headers have the same names as the ones in xmccd-x.x.x/sbig/.
SBIG also supplies files that are uploaded to their USB cameras when they are
detected on the bus. It is quite possible that there will be newer versions of
these "firmware" files available from SBIG that the ones that are included
here.



4. fxload

I have included the most recent version of this USB utility in the xmccd
distribution because it was not part of the Slackware distribution that I
use. There are instructions in the sbig subdirectory for obtaining fxload
from its website if you prefer. You do not need fxload if you are only going
to be using the parallel port ST7 and ST8 cameras.


5. ds9

This is the powerful image display software from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center
for Astrophysics . XmCCD uses it to display the images and to provide image
analysis and file handling. Go to

http://hea-www.harvard.edu/RD/ds9/

and retrieve either the binary version for Linux, or the source code. You will
also need the xpa binaries if you do not compile from source. Copy the
executable for ds9 and the xpa utilities to /usr/local/bin/ . You may find it
helpful to also get a copy of the Reference Manual, because although the
program is fairly easy to navigate from its menus, there are many features to
learn about.


6. cfitsio

These are the fits libraries and utililites. More to come ...


7. imageproc

This set of simple image processing programs enables dark
subtraction and flat fielding. Alternative programs are available in the
cfitsio package. More to come ...



II. Compiling and installing XmCCD and ds9
-------------------------------------------


Untar the file xmccd-#.#.tar.gz . By default it will create a directory
xmccd-#.# with the command

tar -xvzf xmccd-#.#.tar.gz


Set your current working directory to xmccd-#.#

cd xmccd-#.#


Note that libsbigudrv.a is in the sbig subdirectory. Should you update
the library, copy the new version to this directory. The library name
should be same, beginning with "lib".

By default a USB camera is assumed to be connected.
Before compiling, if a different interface is needed, change the
line in xmccd.c that sets "camera_device ="
accordingly. For the parallel ports, the value for the port variable
is set in xmccd.c (near line 279)

static int camera_device = 4; /* camera device */

Device 1 is LPT1, 2 is LPT2, 3 is LPT3, 4 is USB, 5 is ETH.

Note the following line that would be used to set the ethernet IP address
if needed.

This is a temporary arrangement to enable USB and ETH interfaces.
In the next version of xmccd the interface will be user-selectable from
the control panel or a startup file.


Create a Makefile from Imakefile

xmkmf


Build xmccd

make

Move xmccd to a directory in your search path such as /usr/local/bin

mv xmccd /usr/local/bin

The SBIG runtime library must be available. Ideally, simply copy the
libsbigudrv.a and libsbigudr.o files to /usr/local/lib/
as root user, and then issue the command "ldconfig"
to make the library known to the system. Usually Linux
systems will run this command when they are rebooted as well, but doing it now
will insure that it is available.

xmccd will use ds9 for image display if it is present. The complete
distribution for SAOds9 is available from

http://hea-www.harvard.edu/RD/ds9/

Install it from their distribution. If you build it from source, the
result will include the XPA binaries as well. Should you download the
binaries instead of building from source, also obtain binaries for
XPA and install them. XPA provides the communication between ds9
and XmCCD. Copy the executables for ds9 and the xpa functions
xpaaccess, xpaget, xpainfo, xpamb, xpans, xpaset to /usr/local/bin .
When xmccd has a new image it uses xpaset to tell ds9 to read the image,
and the other xpa functions may be used to enhance communication between
the display program and the camera control program.


III. Install the kernel modules
-------------------------------

The appropriate kernel modules must be loaded before running xmccd.
Scripts that do this have been provided by SBIG and are in the sbig
subdirectory of the xmccd distribution. I have included two implementations
in the scripts subdirectory with names

insmod_sbig_lpt
insmod_sbig_usb

A simple way to use these is to copy them to /usr/local/bin and to
execute them in a startup script for your system. For example, in Slackware
the appropriate startup is rc.local, which should have the line

/usr/local/bin/insmod_sbig_usb

if you want to insert the usb modules when the system boots up.


IV. Setting the USB system to recognize the camera and upload firmware
----------------------------------------------------------------------

The USB system in current linux distributions will recognize devices that
are plugged in while the computer is running. There are some things you
need to do, however, to let the system know about the SBIG cameras, and
to provide the system with a utility and instructions on what to do when
it finds your camera. Here's a step-by-step list extracted from the
sbig/README.txt instructions.


1. Install fxload if it is not already installed

Check if you have fxload already available. It should be in /sbin, so
look for /sbin/fxload. If it is not there, then cd to the fxload
subdirectory and type

make

and if all goes well, then

make install

The makefile is set to install fxload in /sbin, the man pages in
/usr/share/man/man8, and a hex file in /usr/share/usb/ . It will create
/usr/share/usb/ if it does not exist. This is good! You will need it later.


2. Update usb.usermap

Look at the file sbig.usermap in the sbig subdirectory. It has a comment
line and three instruction lines that must appear exactly in
the system file usb.usermap . Look at this file using

cat /etc/hotplug/usb.usermap

If it only contains the header comment line, then you can simply
cd to the sbig subdirectory of xmccd and

cp sbig.usermap /etc/hotplug/usb.usermap

If there are already entries in your usb.usermap file, then edit it to add the
lines from sbig.usermap exactly as they are in SBIG's file.


3. Install the firmware files

From the sbig subdirectory of xmccd, copy the firmware files
to /usr/share/usb. You will need to create /usr/share/usb/ if
it does not already exist, but installing fxload from source will
have made this directory for you:

mkdir /usr/share/usb/
cp *.hex /usr/share/usb/


4. Install the script file sbig

From the sbig subdirectory, copy the sbig script to /etc/hotplug/usb

cp sbig /etc/hotplug/usb


That should do it! Once the modules and usb routines are in place, when
you plug in your camera the system will recognize it and upload the firmware.
Once that has happened you should be able so run xmccd and control your
camera.




V. Run xmccd
------------


As a normal user start the program with the command line

xmccd

The program will accept the standard Motif options to change geometry
and title. It is not yet sensitive to an app-defaults file. It will
spawn ds9, and make a connection to the camera if it is available.

ds9 will attempt to display track.fits and image.fits, the default
image and track ccd files. These files should be present in the
working directory from which you start XmCCD. If not, they will be
created when you take an exposure. The files created by default will have
root ownership, but if you have them present already with user ownership,
they will retain it. This is generally convenient, so it is advisable
to set aside a directory from which you will run xmccd and in which
the image files will be kept.

Once an image is acquired and visible in ds9, you should save it with the
ds9 file ``Save Frame As ... '' menu to whatever name you prefer. Each
subsequent exposure will overwrite previous image.fits and track.fits files.

In some systems the library routines may disrupt the system clock when images
are loaded down from the camera. I have noticed that the parallel interface
cameras in older, slower, computers may cause the system clock to lose
several seconds each time an image is loaded. The problem does not appear
to be very significant in USB cameras on the current generation of PC's.
However, if you have not done this already, install and run an ntp daemon
to synchronize your computer with network time standards.

This version of XmCCD has been tested with ST-7, and ST-8 parallel
interface cameras, the ST-9XE USB camera, the ethernet adapter, the AO
accessory, a CFW-8 filter wheel, and Celestron GPS 11-inch and Meade
16-inch LX200 telescopes for the guiding interface. Other USB ST and STL
cameras should work once they are supported in the Linux version of the
udrv library from SBIG.

The AO accessory is not yet implemented in this version, but software to
use it is coming soon.

XmCCD will attempt to take tracking exposures during a long image
exposure. Since it takes a few seconds to download and display a
tracking CCD image, this is useful only for imaging exposures greater
than about 10 seconds. The tracking image will be updated in the ds9 display
during the longer image exposure, and may be used with the control panel
for manual guiding.

Future versions of XmCCD will automate the guiding process, and implement a
selection for feedback to the telescope drive system or to the SBIG AO-7
adaptive optical device.

Have fun. Let us know if there are features we could add that would make
this software more useful for you.


John Kielkopf (kielkopf@louisville.edu)
October 19, 2004