Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес
оригинального документа
: http://www.astrolib.ru/rsn/1998/12/16/
Дата изменения: Unknown
Дата индексирования: Sat Apr 9 23:35:22 2016
Кодировка: Windows-1251
Поисковые слова: galaxycluster
Электронная библиотека астронома-любителя. Книги по астрономии, телескопостроению, оптике.
Дата: 16 декабря 1998 (1998-12-16)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Web-сайт для слежения за спутниками
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
Web-сайт для слежения за спутниками
[Newsbytes] Агенство NASA открыло Web-сайт, на котором можно
получить доступ к параметрам орбит различных спутников,
вращающихся вокруг Земли и определить занимаемое ими в данный
момент положение. Здесь можно увидеть орбиты станции "Мир",
Международной космической станции, летающего в настоящее время
"шаттла" Endeavour, а также различных спутников связи,
исследовательских и метеорологических спутников. Самые популярные
из запрашиваемых объектов выведены на главную страницу.
Адрес: http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/realtime/jtrack/.
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 16 декабря 1998 (1998-12-16)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Открыт самый дальний из известных квазаров
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
Открыт самый дальний из известных квазаров
[SpaceViews] Астрономы
Принстонского Университета открыли
самый дальний из известных на
сегодняшний день квазаров. Открытие
было сделано с помощью 3,5-метрового
телескопа Apache Point Observatory
(APO), расположенного в Hью-Мексико.
Анализ спектров излучения этого
квазара показал, что расстояние до него
составляет как минимум 10 млрд
световых лет. Hа снимке этот квазар
представляет собой небольшое
красноватое пятнышко в центре (указан стрелкой).
Квазары являются довольно загадочными объектами. До сих пор
астрономы не пришли к единому мнению относительно того, что
является источником энергии для квазаров, так как их яркость равна
суммарной яркости звезд 100 галактик, а размер не превышает размеров
нашей Солнечной системы.
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 16 декабря 1998 (1998-12-16)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Открыт самый дальний из известных квазаров (картинка)
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
section 1 of 1 of file sv-12141.jpg < uuencode 5.32 by R.E.M. >
begin 644 sv-12141.jpg
M_]C_X``02D9)1@`!`0$`2`!(``#_VP!#``@&!@<&!0@'!P<)"0@*#!0-#`L+
M#!D2$P\4'1H?'AT:'!P@)"XG("(L(QP<*#<I+#`Q-#0T'R<Y/3@R/"XS-#+_
MVP!#`0D)"0P+#!@-#1@R(1PA,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R
M,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C(R,C+_P``1"`#(`,@#`2(``A$!`Q$!_\0`
M'````P$``P$!``````````````$"`P0%!@<(_\0`-Q`!``(!`P(#!@4$`04`
M`P```0(1`!(A,0-!!")1!1,R87'P0H&AL<$&(Y'1X0<44F+Q%18S_\0`%P$!
M`0$!`````````````````0`"`__$`"`1`0$!``("`@,!```````````!$2$Q
M`D$240-A<1/_V@`,`P$``A$#$0`_`/A5=.HGNY.S>VUUZY,>JM0E<HM:CURI
MS:C#5/2/X?OYF3)>F$!U'(AN9&U4-)+J(N\=BOG^V*,8N@]-D!+R+EJ\U2,N
M,VFJ&.]1PP9@6DCU*33LZJK;*AIAJN)+3Y7S=OO]\R",S2-2[6?SG/Z'BNET
M>AU8O3)^\AI)#N4>F7=Q;D<$FLMCRC='`9<8ZYGFBEM7Z^GZ8F%7HF@'$BN^
M#7O);$2+=[*8V9P?0DD`EYM1<6WM7_S%=20`*MU=]^:XPZG_`/2>NS4M#C#2
MQ&<9;4;Y8J6FI&F<6*[T57W_`!E[3C(*E(^?)?.9].^=1J+TW\LI9D-R2WQ>
M6!,&G<NS>^=_VRAT>:BBPKODQEYM6ED55U>!$8-5&9ON[N_8RQKC")R;X1E6
MERKKIQV>;O\`C)EO)(E[W58S4QY0$V[8\*<&HB@;;+?)],2$H4=]RCC+1BMP
M&WLE_OA\1JT]MPV'(;R<HQE*Y6H4\=JQ1G!ZDC3OS%>SB@NK:*2=U"\)`29(
M(EZ7*;I[&G?8%BUSPCA.,K=*RB\[565492C*(D'9LY[\Y4(QEI-=MV+OMZ8^
M5^A>$F@B5YJ[5O?W>$Y5$),FRRJ*_+"HO42HERH4XQ=64=;J[%4<F$XY*8Q9
M.Y*2KL893(EU):D0C9WWPRLM6Q(S(ZX[G`?+*+@:Y.UI8U\L2]3I=,-)I=XJ
M<_3%&X@:M^::K!F=C23BL4*V/5^>)AJ711MOO^N!**,5-0;)FE/3V(+^'?CE
MRVE/E@C+RIPQ7?\`/)C)B&UQW2+Z806+I8\[\[&.0HRF$6MA$Q6+%T/E3IR_
M%LO/K]/IF<I7#2:J>;]?LRXNLC!E4;5EZ[;?Q_G(V=G>FKO>NV96:&;1<;Y-
M+][8^K$J,=(+_P"W&9QNF0[]\LI$D7(+9+B*+`:"J[=B\+2>J,[:N_3M@SU_
M$C&)1^UX/E4$]!'(G*>^PZ>6C;"4UBV<-1TXIDH1T2.W;[^]\3&@+MEOZ?+[
M^N/:P[E,61+4[#EQE/76U1V]#)DSTB6GP\X&]+)607$V[_\`&4.J83GTSK+4
M>5#C?%=;;[UI+^?..I2B,GX"HVFSD;O44%B<IWRH5I0E(9`%KZ_3)9OPT\F_
M?*J4KNFH[`]L48ZP>W/Q?/';)RL4144U)1SOSAHN+",=)+\2?F8^G*)3U+;!
M#LM]\EC*74WT1C\DVVXJ\-J+ITW&404V<MV:F1E*[MXR=$X]-D,4K;Y9?1Z>
MKJ%IJK:][;<K3>(RVEN(&][5AER5N,%LNRN,,U*N"ZL"-=)ZK/3QO_&1$2U$
M.!KODR?*4R^B9<8ZI#&A.*O=S.KUI)(0JE.;S5TK*4_-5*76_P`LB1(A)=Y1
M>?O[WR:\HW5M[X+TN90;>>JJJNN<):J^#9+L*^N3%M8B.][[7]UC9:XLHP-M
MU_/&#*)`:=_GQOOV_P`;Y%6RJ&]6.7\56TR+#\\<I<L>8FE:P6)9'FC&-'X:
M^_K@"B`V<V;XC20=WGGZ?_<J1%'3U&J7<RM6IBQ"Z7?L5OE2N31'FM1Z/KCZ
MCTY-";!5;45DV=.V,MT*E=Y5=F2EM$6ZHKOD2B/#>UUOMEB1GMO)W)=OGMC$
MB"*!85EIM3"3&1(5CR4'.$J:(FU=^?I^N.#%DA9ZM<_?\9?1C<65$N\CTKO^
M^,^Q$4CL`&[&G@_+'T/+J8H`6RISF>)Z7@XRCU.C,FNTCBEYV],X5,(:JW2Q
MJJO*&W#ZJ^\U.QM*ZIR-VE[[#>]9K$ULI2),5]+,E"1>DC6Q8[XR[PN8DD08
MW%**$VPW.KO;MO>5QN3X*=7-]ZRI2U17I[1.!WL_/&H_#G1G+^[/2:&@O=[8
M=/K2AXB,S:?,:>#[O)97*`H$>*+QD64=.C:07).?]9FQ=(UUUI6C=_5O#`?<
MR82+3X4PRF#E51T\I-[+B&^INZ$-J[.(1\J;#W],&4-%1=T:WXW_`-80;QBG
M5*6J-._Q+RX]$91\U[MWZ.9"/]R2-]C9RWJ2Z<[B"50<E>N/]7HI&F:1WD/Z
M5DDH>[.3>M^V&NS522:M>,UCID7*,1YXVRTI(MZMWYZ:LQ,"%5)LE5>O?$1T
M2)RU1$L0RKC$\HTF]G&9'5Q,9`!IN*<+\\(%3@4MC)/OZ8];MTV(QW[;F.36
MF1(:VOCOCW#43BRAK5M-CO\`_,II#?;5M3QQCEY$W33W3*Z<";$4+W[7DF<N
MG(EJ-/'&3^)D\?/OFT2[B3TQY%:2_GF<B16I4];LRY.$-FL0VJN^,=/X7GG[
M,?";#?-ET973C.1(B6UJO1VQ7*9:25<.G8J\HC<-3"6Q=1['S_3'[O2FH\M:
MB^2^V1:7TT!P^7TLKNO9_B?!=#V1XCH^(Z)+JR^"5;CN9TTW1(V"42RC;\\J
MY:Y1B-SIC;^;BMN6F$A8[AN.QF?'Q^-MC7ES2G"<?-((-V7M]F2K$C8QLY[9
MKU.LSC%ZENDK4<<<9(1B5*[;KOOG3GNCA$=,9R-3Q=GKA&*I&/*`VA65*1I7
M3Y>!T[FW&*5,KVX0LP'H)*321\ORPR@_MC&[?07#-<*<D%WU*`U)]_IBE'5/
M2"ME;;W7?_&$0ZD4251;D\`9OX67A?>L>MK8RXI^7/[YBLY&$=3I1TCPU2I6
MWZW^>&@\VIM'TWCE33I]2+M+GMN9#)VD!=VT\_7,SDG,U7IB-M<;9-L8:4*W
MPC(MDW_%X&\'3&3Z=Z_/-8KPJ,+GII:-Z[8O+I>GI`&]5;KEQC+3OU`WOC)G
M-NO*AZF[E--IN@C^+7WVVS.&K6',1WLO#R2?AIW6OVR];+IHT;6-;N%_0P2`
MC*))0:^MXNEI)C+B,;_/#2L#F4F_A_G*(E]A86*.[]WFO22>:$XCL%WQQA+:
M1$J]GCC\\Y3[.G'PGOY)"_PKSG$TW%K?UP^7I6-YPE'J"PN))H]3,8Z:K5(7
MCZ=\9)]UP!&5;%KZY/38\2`V.W;??+(8]M[;]K?T]U/Z,]G>%]G^"#VC!OQ'
MB&"$_P!<\7*<NHR%C1QMAJB:BJD[;+ZE&,1-HROU3OAX^'CXS(;;4KY^>"B_
MTQZO-$=4&JOM^60,M4E!E\._9^S+DRIU?%?IQQFAMH8QEL/E6VFJ[82A*G2D
M@?P]_P#."V"$:3FJWP9FN[X.3U],E@%C-LA:;V9HC`9.QNV'KD*:M4Z8IOIY
MQ&Q4M42MY..;V+#FD.GTR+(>74V885&HRB^IQ][899&I$!&*QF4[-)64S(V*
M[2OZF%PJ5AR[&U_.\OI>&ZOB6NC"4].ZG;,<,=D]2*I':/<_7,U*M:D;57^,
M>TNI6XFV[@11CL'SO;'&I]!D>4HA56Q7Z??UP(*6=0:>!_;)E,$VNMBMOURI
M6R:BZ@M5Q77`EU=3=RH*JL/-.`S%HH:WP9:HNTDN[K=?]81D>0=:EV84*8Q%
MDQW3:NV$X:0-JYLE]_=8UZ@@1D0+X_WDQ?,\._&^VV47<.)%18`2=E?NOSR-
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M!>^9@B)';TO&Z*/_`"U6?+^?\YK,5ZTY:(],-I2Y=KKY89.Q">U@U:884\IG
MY`*@L2[]7.5X'Q\_!]/K'3!>H52;UG"-ETMI\LM&5!4U-WTKTS/]8+3Y&5-O
MH8YQ93V;XXV'%*$(G>V.]ETXR3%-5L3>S$G!)F[TR5;"8'3B1E+S,@-K]<74
M/>>://>W=_+TQD:+2M5;_G_K)41ZFJ=1HVOY[=L82=145M-[S*,@4CIL=I5S
ME*GE1J/(=\@9%A)9!1ML?+YXZ`E;J/G2W_G%!EO5[MA>3-U%RY>?KEV=HE(U
MJ\O(8]F9ND-2#'G'*7]ORIM47?9SN>A_3?C9_P!-]?V[U>D^']F=.1#I=?JN
MGWO4?P0_\GEVX(XJ.%U_9W6\)X7P_7ZM$/$#**NX'J9Q9-]18%0HVJK,)]?J
M=2!'J=1D!8<K@VQ0B4VZ0&C,^.YR?+-X1)2:QU<7NU7^,1!IER;;YK*)$D'*
MG+P;]LQ5B5O2W7;'?M-/=T:MF3P<OUQR)=31(8K6T1IR$/>6:7RZC?&QE!:0
MB]A_3ZXB]\*B1FZI:ACW=\[[H_U;[9\/[&__`!?2\;/_`+3J6SZ1)!^59T%>
M0E5*]LH/[,/-52VEMQ]WB53C*$F6[/=4>,4^;G%W;:YOO_C):4\Q*.J]\3-%
MC*F(\7RX<ZEK<NZ_";;5ZXFHS2`QO;6Y433TNT5V3N_+]\0TD*=*[$<;:;I2
MZ<V4Y2WEW3L>N&*,?,DJ1&W56^&&TQFK&.H\O8#*DDP)%>C_`,8I"A'Y_?\`
M.#1`21*2\8<,*URF7.Y;AOVVS.,ZCOWYRUG`;.%7#2%2*K3Q>]Y8NDE7&*[7
MZ;Y1L$R+0#QMDRKAWHNUQQN(U%4-SMEB_J]6H4B[<&FC?(Z9%HE*F^+K%.+"
M6IX;_P`8RAXD_)Y,LQ=A4OBTW`XW]<8,I5IV-Z6\/BEYS2FV^)=%(4I:\]\H
M8Y_L[P4?:'5FSE'H^&Z(=3Q'B$\L(7V.Z\!W:^>=G[?_`*J]H^V/8_@O8^N9
M[)\%)_[/H3I8[5<I?B>?E:U1MG3'M#Q$O!G@26CHZWJ,0!E*JMHWVNO2WU<X
MMUTPVNS[_4R9L-L9#R\-?Y,(UN_A6E],<+W`%8G/^<G3*)=4=R\BHZERU?AE
MS&\K6BD:D2*5,4$EO<G\4CFL<7WO3E0D(C6^2X9D9)0;C6Q@T1E7?<<UZ;>T
MCN%Q::=\SAN<<NU<YI",G219@<HEY0ZK=3(.#C'(N,`"(W>GG;#J:KWC9IO;
MO@9<[.+[Q(TH\%\<?[RW3IH(L975I9O7I]<B"1@["T=OT_;%<Y=*F42)I,:N
MU,)1BH5$-R3OS_MQ1&)JYKN-F6].1&2NJK3;G;-7I%$XR@G>)Y:YS/LS]N,5
M%B,1&WRI;^N&;2B]0=,`J2;7O6&-:R.-&?ET2I;5WWR:C%^/GTS27$IV[RTM
M_3)2)$!&G@^^,'+VJ%^[TVDMTOFL3.44BLW<O?#3&0[K,V`;VR$DG#P=L&E,
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MM7RS](?]'>CTY>`\3*4(RZ@&ED9Q_+\I9\/;'G,?$?:G]*>/\#*3U(3@_$ZX
MHAAGZ#_ZH=+PO_ZW#J]:,(>+_P#7EVW+^^,,[>,\LY'^F<5^22Y'Q[UJ;_;)
M?+/1'S?/ZY:'3CYI6W>D*"LFHLF0,3GZ81J7D$Z*D715G\X1L-));*\N&Q*+
M&R^1.3*IC!EN`V=KWXRYIA2TKI(`7R*_?;"KG(*DG>]ORXQ2(V%Q?2KQH%[6
M'X9.YDJ6G5+S<[][PZD4".H:.+<<IW(T].`(51>!<&425$OS'$'/KRE+4:2K
MK;C)DI-\P-I3OB8[!M6UG%?=Y6BBY<JF^V^2DJ+=,AJN^:*2W'RU]*:NLS(B
M/;?==ZRJ=3%B*??W],$!DE1V!U&^%2(ZI-Q]3]<(Q\S_`.-6XXU&'P[\U]_G
M_C+4HUTW&4QX*[<YGK52,`NS;!)%[TG:^/7**E.4HCMO8'&"PH5I):=BR_VQ
MQE(+?BBV.40G.!I5.RG&,E%(,0W-XKMS7?':U.>RG_<B3-K*D%!A.+5:!U'(
M;?7Y8B3K=,@J]ARY,"ZDZ=O-^*_WS6#"6,XLILINZ[;=_P#>:`THR!N3?WQO
MF4F48:#<K9K'$]Y*I-%[;<YG#L\7*\.LNI&4D`_"/.>Z]E?UOXSV+`AX7J^[
M=MA;SY_JD1GY%CQJ8UQE].2=.4F236^;L_C-3CH6?)]`]L_UMXOVKX9?%]9Z
M@;TBUVPSP_2EU90C'4EFIMKT_?\`G#,^7G=YKE_G(ZV8R';<WY=SUQ:32RC>
M@VY[_P"LUCTNI_V\NN1OI1D%U5_(_3(($IZ--"W64="C!9@]1YJ[XVRHK*5+
MN105V^63)=5\[77;-$8]&.F%E[-;'Y]^,DR@D:)<BECL8>:_+3OS1E29U
M213CEVSO_974]@0_I[VA#Q_1D^.:/#,-_FN'E<PX\]H!M?+QJCMOZ8'DEJ$#
MU><HI#5$V_\`;G\LEC4I5&]^QE[QGBW%0\T2-QK?=^A@2"%#YKW`YP`),3=[
M68MUE7E/3]S+&K?0E$+OGGX:K%&:T3J]12XW18UL]JXQ4;K:!VH_G%1IU)>]
M%@D0E5!F0"D;-5U9Q6$!U2BBWV]>^,=4I+$VW.U9<`$8R$BU1:ISCE&R4J:*
MVJO\XE6MPC?Q<?ME,]T5WYENV&2T2-#IX4LI_P!80@,CSZ+-U/\`C&K,N2\?
M4^[O)G0>D10*K'T<FG>JA5VW/ESEVSG.*;'Q+W=59$9@):79?H9?5HE>ZU;W
MWO$>T]/B4:WWVU56.4MKUQ'_`,5O%[R#U#8V-J,)$J!BGIO9@<U4=-L;E?/#
MWRI`.B,QW+K;?(?-U!GZ$:-[P4@HR25#Y>,MRFUMT.J'6OJ$I"Z2G]<,@1W)
MN[IVW#_.&9OCXV[1FH>O+W)TR40):J#OB]X0E>JCXMSG)CY=))CPUMB)^<U4
M'I?'YXA7O)1C)-MQK^<73D"W*A[.]OTQQEIA*M*^L;VPZA*5:DXNW"T\4@ME
M&PW-KKO\\"$BH.G=H?7`E`Z:;>N_TQ;,:6DN]N,=L4_2B:&TZ_8]-L0ZRY+M
MWO\`UB>[>UN]5O6,C'0L=(\?7;#]LX<[#RSDBC:X'DL#4QV<B-QA(K:6U.5.
M6XS=36\L=.8O7*74FT1%HC;VR.I(D"*ZC>]])>/=BSD,=[%Q:1D:;TG[9+5Z
M@5255>HV1S-%+WW6M7\X]8PE?F["\\X6T$=*G9R"NJRCLZ2-[E;#Z8HP8RHD
MOELWH^F2]63N\UN!WO-34$)F\N=VJ/3"YZ+)91G*90OIEPE.?3WB,;N2]O7%
M8QMG4KWW7L?\Y<)Q(2J2G'&:YQ)/-%"(7W>Y]F4O]QTZ=W35\9EY9<UQR/'Y
M9II(C'?7)'X:LQ*=S4H(-7%V,<(+U)4IY;L=_OG)HGT_[<3AU'IFD`]SY+EU
M'Z%%YE1,9:.L>[@Q?K=X*3E9:)O6_;_G*\HE[1E+:P:WPEU*E'JQC5V;<%^F
M4%PIJ;#95@;%_+#%".J6G0LNW<PQQ)BV&J<2[H8\8:-/5T\5=U]_3##,H:HQ
MF)$8\`Y4I:_B(D8-5?.&&-,C.MU&R^:RY$I1#5O3O7SPPRM9C-LJ-WZF:A"4
MAFD=M(1[889;P>X.J1B2C`2(J6<[YFR\G`G:C##(<K/>0HU+>^TN,<XNDU@*
M?%ZN&&720"W*7&WW],4/-,XOG###6FCRWTRGBI8:M00?ANS2</IAACX@2C'I
MQ-I$C$:HQ]Y&*=M7.&&5[5O!3*U6;]I::R[%8!LH+$K;UPPS2@8$8>9HII[U
MBD5*1&DY#O\`YPPPTP]4)3M$6-:#?`@K",9%=]K!OMAAAN'T<H[7H8ZMQ[4\
(?XPPPR9U_]ET
`
end
sum -r/size 17342/8909 section (from "begin" to "end")
sum -r/size 5202/6443 entire input file
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 16 декабря 1998 (1998-12-16)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Экипаж Endeavour готовится к приземлению
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
Экипаж Endeavour готовится к приземлению
[NASA] Пошел последний день миссии STS-88. Экипаж Endeavour
завершает свою экспедицию. Проделан большой объем работ по сборке и
подготовке к эксплуатации первых двух блоков Международной
космической станции. Два астронавта Джерри Росс (Jerry Ross) и
Джеймс Hьюмен (James Newman) провели 3 выхода в открытый космос,
каждый из которых длился не менее 7 часов. После отстыковки от
станции Endeavour вывел на орбиту спутник связи SAC-A. Теперь члены
экипажа готовятся к посадке в космическом центре им. Кеннеди, которая
должна состояться сегодня поздно ночью в 3 ч 36 минут по местному
времени (16 декабря в 6 ч 36 мин по московскому времени). Сегодня
Endeavour должен также произвести еще один "запуск" спутника. Это
будет небольшой (весом около 320 кг) спутник MightySat, созданный
лабораториями ВВС США и Phillips, который проведет испытания
некоторых новых технологий - на нем установлены
усовершенствованные солнечные батареи, детектор микрочастиц и
другое новейшее оборудование.
Центр управления полетом также готовится к посадке.
Предварительные прогнозы погоды указывают на возможную
облачность и дожди в районе приземления.
Источник: InfoArt News Agency
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 16 декабря 1998 (1998-12-16)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Two NASA spacecraft launches involve Cornell astronomers' projects (Fo
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
News Service
Cornell University
Contact: Blaine P. Friedlander, Jr.
Office: (607) 255-3290
E-Mail: bpf2@cornell.edu
FOR RELEASE: Dec. 11, 1998
Two NASA spacecraft launches, one to Mars and the other to research the
birth of stars, involve Cornell astronomers' projects
ITHACA, N.Y. -- NASA launched the Mars Climate Orbiter today (Dec. 11, 1998)
from Cape Canaveral, Fla. On board the spacecraft was the Mars Color Imager
-- known as MARCI -- designed with the help of two Cornell University
astronomers. Engineering problems had forced postponement of the launch from
Dec. 10.
The mission marked the second scientific launch in the past week for Cornell
researchers. On Saturday, Dec. 5, NASA launched the Submillimeter Wave
Astronomy Satellite (SWAS) astronomical observatory from the belly of a
modifed L-1011 aircraft.
Mars Climate Orbiter will monitor Mars' atmosphere and capture color images
with MARCI for one Martian year, the equivalent of two Earth years. Mission
scientists expect MARCI to capture images of Martian atmospheric dust and
water vapor and to record seasonal changes.
James F. Bell, Cornell assistant professor of astronomy and a member of the
imaging team says, "We will be doing many things with MARCI that haven't yet
been done. For example, using high resolution color imaging, we'll be
examining how Mars' past climate has been preserved in its rocks and
minerals, much like you can learn about the Earth's geologic past by looking
at the coloring and stratigraphy of the Grand Canyon or other similar
structures. MARCI will fill a big gap between the spectacular
black-and-white images being returned now from the Mars Global Surveyor
mission and the coarser-resolution color data sent back by the Viking
missions more than 20 years ago."
Peter Thomas, a Cornell senior research associate, also a member of the
MARCI team, will use the camera to study the Martian dunes and other
wind-related features on the red planet. These features also provide unique
insights into the present and past climate of Mars.
Bell and Thomas also will be working with the MARCI science team to focus on
detecting and tracking clouds, polar caps and dust storms that are part of
the ever-changing planet's current but poorly understood climate. MARCI's
wide-angle imaging mode will be used to return daily "weather maps" of Mars,
similar to those obtained by Earth weather satellites.
Following a 10-month journey to the planet, the spacecraft will be
"aerobraked" by low passes into the Martian atmosphere to allow it to get
into a circular orbit around Mars. Bell expects the craft to begin sending
data in late 1999 or early 2000. A major role for the spacecraft is to
support its companion spacecraft, Mars Polar Lander, scheduled for launch
early in 1999. In a month-long mission at the end of 1999, Mars Climate
Orbiter will explore the Martian south polar cap.
In last Saturday's launch, rocket boosters took SWAS from the upper
atmosphere into space, where this newest space-based astronomical
observatory will study the heavens in a band called "submillimeter
radiation," lying between the infrared and radio waves on the
electromagnetic spectrum. Astronomers will study the conditions that lead
to the birth of stars, a process now hidden deep within obscuring clouds of
interstellar dust and gas.
"Although stars are the basic building blocks of the universe, little detail
is known concerning how stars are formed," says Paul Goldsmith, Cornell
astronomer and director of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center,
managed by Cornell for the National Science Foundation. Goldsmith, who is a
project co-investigator with Martin Harwit, Cornell professor emeritus of
astronomy, notes that "even today, this vital process is among the least
understood steps in cosmic evolution. SWAS will give astronomers critical
information about conditions in regions that are, or will likely soon be,
forming stars."
The SWAS observatory will orbit the Earth every 97 minutes and typically
will observe three to five astronomical objects an orbit. The observed data
will be stored in the spacecraft memory and relayed to a ground station
twice daily and then relayed to SWAS Science Operations Center at
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Mass., for analysis.
The mission is designed to last two years.
Andrew Yee
ayee@nova.astro.utoronto.ca
Hа сегодня все, пока!
=SANA=
Дата: 16 декабря 1998 (1998-12-16)
От: Alexander Bondugin
Тема: Sky & Telescope News Bulletin - December 11, 1998
Привет всем!
Вот, свалилось из Internet...
SKY & TELESCOPE'S NEWS BULLETIN
DECEMBER 11, 1998
GEMINID METEORS SET TO BLAZE
The Geminid meteor shower should peak Sunday night, December 13-14. Start
watching the sky as early as 10 p.m.; the shower's radiant point (in
Gemini) will already be fairly high in the east by then, so meteors should
be appearing. The radiant is highest near the zenith around 2 a.m. You
might see one or two meteors per minute if you have a natural, truly black
sky packed with stars. In a light-polluted suburb you might see a meteor
every several minutes. For more information visit
http://www.skypub.com/sights/meteors/geminids/98preview_geminids.html or
see the December *Sky & Telescope,* page 117.
HEADING TO MARS
The next step of the exploration of Mars started today with the launch of
NASA's Mars Climate Explorer. The Delta II rocket lifted off from Cape
Canaveral at 1:49 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. It will arrive at Mars in
September 1999. Like Mars Global Surveyor -- currently in service at the
planet -- Climate Explorer will use aerobraking to circularize its orbit.
Climate Explorer will then spend 2 years studying the planet. Afterward,
the spacecraft will be used as a data relay for future missions. Mars
missions are happening fast and furious: The next mission on the launch pad
is Mars Polar Lander, which is scheduled for liftoff on January 3rd, to
arrive at Mars in December 1999.
KILLER IMPACT IN ARGENTINA
A study that only intended to find out more about a enigmatic type of rock
in South America has resulted in the conclusion that the area was rocked by
the impact of an asteroid or comet 3.3 million years ago. Along the ocean
cliffs of southeastern Argentina is a thin layer of greenish glass and red
bricklike rock. A team of American and Argentinean researchers led by Peter
Schultz (Brown University) examined this so-called "escoria" and found
numerous signs of a violent origin. Furthermore, Schultz and his colleagues
explain in the December 11th issue of *Science* that their calculated age
of the glass dates to just prior to the disappearance of three dozen animal
species.
RECORD-BREAKING QUASAR
Although still in its commissioning phase, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey has
discovered three of the four farthest quasars known. The most distant --
with a redshift of 5.0 -- was announced Tuesday at Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory near Chicago, Illinois. This redshift surpasses the
1991 record holder of 4.89. (Several <b style="color:black;background-color:#ffff66">galaxies</b> are known to have redshifts
greater than 5.) The Sloan Digital Sky Survey aims to chart the positions,
brightnesses, and colors of hundreds of millions of stars and <b style="color:black;background-color:#ffff66">galaxies</b> in
the northern sky. It will also measure the spectral redshifts, and thus the
distances, of a million <b style="color:black;background-color:#ffff66">galaxies</b> and 100,000 quasars, enabling astronomers
to map the large-scale structure of the universe more comprehensively than
ever before. The multinational Sloan survey uses a dedicated 2.5-meter
telescope at Apache Point, New Mexico, and a giant CCD camera that captures
2.5-degree-wide images in five different colors at once. Over the next 5
years the international project will produce a 10-terabyte "digital
encyclopedia" of the sky that reaches some 50 times farther into space than
the famed Palomar Observatory Sky Survey.
FOCUS ON MARS'S NORTH POLE
A processed view of data from NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft
has yielded a never-before-seen perspective of Mars's north polar cap.
Imagery from MGS's CCD camera was combined with surface-elevation
measurements from the spacecraft's Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA)
instrument. Some 2.6 million altitude measurements were used to produce a
topographic view of the north pole with a spatial resolution of 1 kilometer
and a vertical accuracy of 5 to 30 meters. According to Maria Zuber
(NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center) and her colleagues, areas of the polar
cap -- made primarily of water ice -- are very smooth, but the ice features
kilometer-high mounds. The views were first presented earlier this week at
the meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) in San Francisco,
California, and will appear in the December 11th issue of *Science.*
THE POWER OF EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD
Ever since the Van Allen radiation belts were discovered in 1958,
scientists have believed that the primary source of energetic electrons
came from the solar wind. Recent space-based observations and computer
models have indicated otherwise. On Monday at the AGU meeting, a team of
researchers from the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) program
announced that solar storms aren't the source of the particles themselves,
but they push and squeeze Earth's magnetic field and pump up particles'
energies. Data from two dozen spacecraft revealed the energy level in the
belts can vary by a factor of a 1,000 in only a few minutes. It is hoped
through further research that the energy in the belts can be accurately
mapped and predicted.
THIS WEEK'S "SKY AT A GLANCE"
Some daily events in the changing sky, from the editors of SKY &
TELESCOPE.
DEC. 13 -- SUNDAY
* The Geminid meteor shower should peak tonight. Start watching the sky
as early as 10 p.m.; the shower's radiant point (in Gemini) will already be
fairly high by then, so meteors should be appearing. (The radiant is
highest near the zenith around 2 a.m.) Find a dark site with a good sky
view, lie on the ground or in a reclining beach chair, gaze into the
darkest area of your sky, and wait. You might see one or two meteors per
minute if you have a natural, truly black sky packed with stars. In a
light-polluted suburb you might see a meteor every several minutes. For
more information see the December Sky & Telescope, page 117.
DEC. 14 -- MONDAY
* Seen in a medium-sized telescope, Jupiter's Great Red Spot should cross
Jupiter's central meridian (the imaginary line down the center of Jupiter's
disk from pole to pole) around 9:37 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. Lately the
spot has been very pale tan with a darker reddish mark in its south side.
For a list of all predicted Red Spot transit times, see
http://www.skypub.com/sights/moonplanets/redspot.html.
* Spot Mars high in the southeast before the first light of dawn Tuesday
or Wednesday morning. Only 1 degree from it you'll see the 3rd-magnitude
star Gamma Virginis, also known as Porrima. A telescope shows the star to
be a close double.
DEC. 15 -- TUESDAY
* As dawn begins to brighten on Wednesday morning, look about 6 degrees
below the waning crescent Moon in the southeast for Mercury.
DEC. 16 -- WEDNESDAY
* Jupiter's Red Spot transi
