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Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07) От: Alexander Bondugin Тема: 8/11: Preliminary Assessment of Space Colonization Strategies Based on Subject: 8/11: Preliminary Assessment of Space Colonization Strategies Based on Привет всем! Вот, свалилось из Internet... National Space Society Lecture series: Tuesday, August 11th 7:30pm "Preliminary Assessment of Space Colonization Strategies Based on Nuclear Fusion Propulsion" Presented by Scott A. Carpenter of Engineering Design Environments, Oakland, CA. Some fusion propulsion concepts for space travel have matured to a level where we can estimate the fuel and propellant needs for various space mission scenarios. A solar system colonization/outpost strategy is assumed to take place in the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the 21st Century. NASA, and others, have identified the moon as a candidate source for large quantities of helium-3, which is needed for fusion-electric power. The energy content of helium-3 is so high that one space shuttle returning to Earth with 20 tons of helium-3 represents $320 billion (1991 $) to an Earth-based energy market. 20-tones per year (under the assumed colonization strategy) is the approximate amount of helium-3 required to support growth of one colony on Mars and outposts at each of the gas-giant planets. Estimated propellant requirements for the solar system colonization strategy are extremely huge amounts, and means to minimize these resource requirements will be discussed. On the positive side, it is determined that nuclear fusion can provide a robust transportation infrastructure to sustain a major solar system colonization effort in the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the 21st Century. Note special date. at MIT Lab for Computer Science, 8th floor, room NE43-800, 545 Tech. Square, on Main St. at railroad tracks, Cambridge. (617)258-2828, or email reply. Free, A/C, refreshments. These meetings are sponsored by the Boston Chapter of the National Space Society (NSS); together with the MIT chapter of the Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS). NSS sponsors lectures on space related topics, usually on the first Thursday of every month at the location listed above. To request more information, contact mjt@shore.net Hа сегодня все, пока! =SANA=

Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07) От: Alexander Bondugin Тема: STARDUST Microchip Update - August 5, 1998 Привет всем! Вот, свалилось из Internet... STARDUST MICROCHIP UPDATE August 5, 1998 We have now collected over 992,000 names for the second microchip that will be carried on the STARDUST spacecraft. Names submitted through July 31 are now online on our website: http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/microchip/names2.html Don't forget the deadline for name submissions is August 15, 1998, only 10 days away. We will no longer accept any names after this date. You can continue to submit names here: http://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/microchip/signup.html Ron Baalke STARDUST Webmaster ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov | | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab | ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |__ Pasadena, CA | Two wrongs don't make a right, /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| | but two Wrights made an |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | airplane. Hа сегодня все, пока! =SANA=

Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07) От: Alexander Bondugin Тема: Educational Web Pages Bring Earthquake Research To Students Привет всем! Вот, свалилось из Internet... MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE JET PROPULSION LABORATORY CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011 http://www.jpl.nasa.gov Contact: Mary Hardin (818) 354-0344 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE August 5, 1998 EDUCATIONAL WEB PAGES BRING EARTHQUAKE RESEARCH TO STUDENTS A new educational tool that allows students to track earthquake motions from their classrooms is now available online at a NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) web site. The project is part of the Southern California Integrated GPS Network (SCIGN), an array of 250 Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers that continuously measure the constant, yet barely perceptible, movements of earthquake faults throughout Southern California. "The project was motivated because many of our GPS stations are being placed at schools. We wanted students to have an opportunity to be involved in the project, however the web pages have been developed for use in any school. They are also available to the general public and other organizations such as libraries," said Dr. Frank Webb, a JPL geophysicist and the executive chairman of SCIGN. "These web pages use earthquakes as a starting point and we hope the site will enable students to look at and use real data to solve problems. Also, in the event of an earthquake, they'll be able to get online and see how their area moved as a result of the earthquake." The pages are available at http://scign.jpl.nasa.gov/learn . "The site is designed for high school and beginning college students, but middle school teachers have told us they can use parts of it too," said Maggi Glasscoe, the SCIGN team member who designed the pages. "Our hope is to illustrate math concepts, such as reading a graph, help students learn how to do research and encourage them to explore concepts ranging from plate tectonics and earthquake faults to earth science and physics. We've included a lot of animation and graphics that we hope will get students excited." The Southern California Earthquake Center is working with the team to have the educational pages reviewed by educators to meet current curriculum guidelines of the state of California. At this time, there are about 50 GPS receivers in place around Southern California with new sites being added every week. The earthquake network began in 1990 with only four GPS receivers as a prototype project funded by NASA. It detected very small motions of Earth's crust in Southern California associated with other California earthquakes in June 1992 in Landers, and in January 1994 in Northridge. SCIGN is a consortium of institutions with a common interest in using GPS for earthquake research and mitigation. The consortium is coordinated by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center headquartered at the University of Southern California (USC). The lead institutions in the installation and operation of SCIGN are JPL, the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics-Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, the United States Geological Survey, and USC. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology. ##### Hа сегодня все, пока! =SANA=

Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07) От: Alexander Bondugin Тема: SJI's Sky and Space Update - August 3, 1998 Привет всем! Вот, свалилось из Internet... SAN JUAN INSTITUTE'S SKY AND SPACE UPDATE Summary information about the night sky and recent findings and events in solar system exploration and science. Updated every 2 weeks. LAST UPDATED: MON. AUG. 3, 1998 Prepared by: Andre Bormanis and Chris Perkins. ALL TIMES GIVEN ARE PDT (UT - 7 HOURS) UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. OBJECTS TO LOOK FOR IN THE NIGHT SKY (MID-NORTHERN LATITUDES) MERCURY reaches inferior conjunction (passing between the Earth and Sun) on Aug. 13. It will be visible again toward the end of the month. VENUS is visible low in the east northeast in the pre-dawn sky, looking like an extremely bright star. MARS is visible to the lower left of Venus, approaching within 0.9 degrees of Venus on Aug. 4 and 5. It looks like a dim reddish star. JUPITER rises in the east around 10 p.m., looking like a bright, pearly white star. SATURN rises in the east around midnight, looking like a pale yellow star. SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE OBSERVERS: Planets located in the southern part of the sky for northern hemisphere observers will appear higher in southern hemisphere skies; those in the north will appear lower. THE MOON Full Moon occurs Aug. 7 at 7:10 p.m. PDT (UT - 7 hours). This month's full moon is known as the Grain or Sturgeon moon. Last Quarter Moon occurs Aug. 14 at 12:48 p.m. PDT. PERSEID METEOR SHOWER Be sure to look to the skies Aug. 11 and 12! The annual Perseid meteor shower is expected to peak sometime during this period. Your best chance of seeing Perseids will be after dark but before the Moon rises (roughly between 11 p.m. and midnight) on one of these two nights. It's impossible to predict exactly when the most meteors will be seen, or how long peak activity will last. Observers typically see around 60 Perseids per hour during the peak, but sometimes, for brief periods the number is much higher. Over the last few years, a number of very bright meteors have also been witnessed during the Perseid peak. MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR CONTINUES TO IMPRESS SCIENTISTS The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft is transmitting stunning new pictures of the Red Planet. High resolution images of the immense Martian canyon system Valles Marineris reveal layered rock strata that may indicate sedimentation or volcanic processes. Evidence of landslide activity has been detected in the interior walls of various craters. "Splash" patterns surrounding some craters support the theory that the sub-surface crust may have been wet or muddy when these craters were formed billions of years ago by asteroid impact. An MGS image of a 50 kilometer wide crater shows channel features that were probably formed as water seeped through the walls of the crater. Other features near this crater look like dried out bays and peninsulas, supporting the idea that pools of liquid water existed for some period of time on the ancient Martian surface. Indications of sand dunes attest to the action of wind on the planet's surface. A strange complex of intersecting linear ridges near the south pole of Mars may be the result of sand dunes in some way becoming "cemented" into place, but scientists are still debating the nature and geologic history of these features. MGS is currently in an 11.6 hour elliptical orbit. Later this year, MGS will resume aerobraking maneuvers that will eventually reduce its orbital period to two hours. To view the latest images from the MGS mission, see http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/ NAMES FOR NEW URANIAN MOONS PROPOSED The two new satellites recently discovered orbiting the planet Uranus have been named, at least tentatively. Brett Gladman and Phillip Nicholson discovered the Uranian satellites last October using the 200" (5 meter) telescope on Mount Palomar, near San Diego, California. The two astronomers have proposed that the moons be called Caliban and Sycorax, the names of two characters from Shakespeare's play The Tempest. Before these names become official, however, they must be approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), the only world body that can officially designate names for astronomical objects. The General Assembly of the IAU is expected to meet in August 2000. The proposed names will be considered for approval then. THESE WEEKS IN SPACE HISTORY AUG. 5, 1971: A toothbrush lost during an Apollo 15 spacewalk becomes an artificial satellite of Earth. AUG. 7, 1959: The U.S. Explorer 6 spacecraft takes the first pictures of Earth from orbit. AUG. 9, 1983: The U.S. Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) discovers a disk of dust grains surrounding the star Vega, providing some of the earliest evidence that other stars possess planetary systems. RANDOM SPACE FACT The next nearest star, Alpha Centauri, is roughly 100 billion times farther from the Earth than the Moon. ************************************************************************ SPONSORS WANTED: If you or your company might be interested in providing funding for the Sky and Space Update, please contact educate@sji.org. ********************************************************************** The San Juan Institute (SJI) is a non-profit corporation headquartered in San Juan Capistrano, CA with divisions there and in Tucson, AZ. SJI carries out research and education in planetary and Earth sciences and astronomy, with funding provided by government grants and private donations, which are always needed. Partial funding for the SSU has been provided by NASA's Solar System Exploration Division. Hа сегодня все, пока! =SANA=

Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07) От: Alexander Bondugin Тема: STARDUST Name List Hits Million Mark Привет всем! Вот, свалилось из Internet... FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE August 6, 1998 Contact: Robert Pearlman (202) 543-1900, ext. 72 nsshq@nss.org COMET-BOUND MICROCHIP HITS ONE MILLION NAMES National Space Society and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory "Make an IMPACT" campaign reaches one million name goal (Washington, DC) -- August 6 -- The National Space Society (NSS) and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announce that, as of 5:49 pm PT yesterday, the one millionth name was entered for inclusion onto a microchip that will fly next year on board the NASA/JPL Stardust mission to collect cometary dust particles. The one million name goal was announced by the NSS and NASA/JPL in May in conjunction with the release of Paramount and DreamWorks Pictures' release of the film, "Deep Impact." "JPL had started to collect names on their own when we suggested teaming up to go for the one million mark on this second microchip," said Pat Dasch, NSS Executive Director. "We knew it was an ambitious goal, but with the combined visibility of JPL's site and our site, and after we hit the 500,000 mark in early July, we knew it would be an attainable one. What a thrill for all of those people to know they are 'on their way' to a comet when the Stardust mission launches. We're very pleased to have partnered with JPL on this special outreach project." Names on board the microchip include all members of the National Space Society; the members of the cast and crew of "Deep Impact" including actress Tea Leoni and actor Morgan Freeman; U.S. Representative Dana Rohrabacher, chairman of the House Subcommittee on Space & Aeronautics; and shuttle astronaut Roger Crouch. Additional names can still be submitted through the NSS website through mid-August at <http://www.nss.org/impact>. The names will be electronically etched onto a fingernail-size silicon chip and can then be read only with the aid of an electron microscope. Those submitting their names are granting permission for the Stardust project and its partners to use the names in possible future exhibits and/or publications. Stardust is being prepared for launch by NASA to intercept Comet Wild-2, collect comet dust particles and deliver them back to Earth in January 2006, according to mission plans. The National Space Society, which celebrates 25 years in 1999, is an independent, nonprofit space advocacy organization headquartered in Washington, DC. Its 23,000 members and 90 chapters around the world actively promote a spacefaring civilization. Information on NSS and space exploration is available at <http://www.nss.org/>. ### Hа сегодня все, пока! =SANA=

Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07) От: Alexander Bondugin Тема: Запланированный на 15 сентября с.г. запуск американского спутника UHF. Subject: Запланированный на 15 сентября с.г. запуск американского спутника UHF. Привет всем! Вот, свалилось из Internet... Запланированный на 15 сентября с.г. запуск американского спутника UHF F9 отложен на неопределенный срок Компания Hughes Space & Communications Company объявила, что запуск изготовленного ею спутника связи UHF F9 откладывается. Компания намерена произвести замену некоторой части электронного оборудования спутника и провести новые испытания. Спутник UHF F9 изготовлен по заказу ВМС США. Запуск был запланирован на 15 сентября 1998 года с космодрома на мысе Канаверал. Hовая дата запуска пока не названа. Представители компании Hughes Space & Communications Company заявили, что перенос даты запуска не связан с проблемами, которые были зафиксированы на спутниках связи "Galaxy-4", "Galaxy-7" и "DBS-1" в мае, июне и июле нынешнего года соответственно. Все эти спутники представляют из себя модель HS-601, ту же, что и спутник UHF F9. Представитель компании заявил, что нет никаких проблем с бортовой аппаратурой, но компания хочет выдать ВМС дополнительную гарантию надежного функционирования спутника на орбите. 6.8.98 Источник: InfoArt News Agency Hа сегодня все, пока! =SANA=

Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07) От: Alexander Bondugin Тема: 14 августа завершаются занятия в Летней школе NASA длястаршеклассников Subject: 14 августа завершаются занятия в Летней школе NASA длястаршеклассников Привет всем! Вот, свалилось из Internet... 14 августа завершаются занятия в Летней школе NASA для старшеклассников 14 августа завершаются занятия в Летней школе NASA для старшеклассников. Работа этой школы проводится в раках программы NASA по ранней профориентации американских школьников и привлечения их к работе на космическое ведомство. Летние школы NASA организуются с 1980 года. За это время их посещало более 2300 американских старшеклассников. В дальнейшем 80% из числа прошедших обучение избрали своей профессией математику, физику и технические специальности. Более 50% из них сотрудничают с NASA. В нынешнем году 208 старшеклассников были отобраны из более чем 1300 претендентов. 1 июня они приступили к занятиям во всех центрах NASA. Почти 2600 специалистов NASA были привлечены к работе со школьниками. Руководство NASA считает программу летней работы со школьниками экономически эффективной, так как уже с ранних лет позволяет прививать школьникам те научные и деловые навыки, которые необходимы перспективным специалистам NASA. 6.8.98 Источник: InfoArt News Agency Hа сегодня все, пока! =SANA=

Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07) От: Alexander Bondugin Тема: Продолжается полет американского межпланетного зонда "Galileo" Привет всем! Вот, свалилось из Internet... Продолжается полет американского межпланетного зонда "Galileo" Продолжается полет американского межпланетного зонда "Galileo", движущегося по орбите вокруг Юпитера. Избавившись от проблем с программным обеспечением, которые привели к потере научных данных во время сближения с юпитерианским спутником Европа, станция вновь ведет сбор научной информации и передает ее на Землю. Вся нынешняя неделя будет посвящена передаче научной информации, собранной в последние дни июля. Объем собранной информации настолько велик, что заставляет проводить ее отбор и сжатие перед отправкой на Землю. Специалисты NASA полагают, что им все равно придется пожертвовать частью информации, так ее передача не может быть завершена до нового сближения с Европой, которое планируется на 26 сентября нынешнего года. 6.8.98 Источник: InfoArt News Agency Hа сегодня все, пока! =SANA=

Дата: 07 августа 1998 (1998-08-07) От: Alexander Bondugin Тема: Vint Cerf назван "Выдающимся ученым-совместителем" Лаборатории... Привет всем! Вот, свалилось из Internet... Vint Cerf назван "Выдающимся ученым-совместителем" Лаборатории реактивного движения в Пасадене Vint Cerf, вице-президент компании MCI, назван вчера "Выдающимся ученым-совместителем" Лаборатории реактивного движения в Пасадене. Этого не совсем красиво звучащего звания он удостоен за свои работы в Лаборатории реактивного движения по развитию "межпланетного Internet". Hакануне Cerf официально представил концепцию расширения земных границ Internet и его использование для межпланетных коммуникаций. Cerf заявил, что потребовалось 20 лет для внедрения Internet на Земле и потребуется еще столько же для того, чтобы он стал доступен землянам, которым предстоит работать на Луне, Марсе и других планетах Солнечной системы. Vint Cerf известен как "отец Internet". Именно он разработал в свое время протокол TCP/IP, который сейчас применяют пользователи Internet во всем мире. В декабре 1997 года президент США Bill Clinton наградил Cerf медалью за технологические достижения. 6.8.98 Источник: InfoArt News Agency Hа сегодня все, пока! =SANA=

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