Surprising black-hole discovery changes picture of globular star clusters
The scientists didnò??t find the intermediate-mass black hole they were looking for, but instead found something very surprising ò?? two smaller black holes in the cluster.
An unexpected discovery by astronomers using the National Science Foundationò??s Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) is forcing scientists to rethink their understanding of the environment in globular star clusters, tight-knit collections containing hundreds of thousands of stars.
The astronomers used the VLA to study globular cluster M22, a group of stars more than 10,000 light-years from Earth. They hoped to find evidence for a rare type of black hole in the clusterò??s center. They wanted to find what scientists call an intermediate-mass black hole, more massive than the Sunò??s mass, but smaller than the supermassive black holes found at the cores of galaxies.
ò??We didnò??t find what we were looking for, but instead found something very surprising ò?? two smaller black holes,ò?? said Laura Chomiuk from Michigan State University in East Lansing. ò??Thatò??s surprising because most theorists said there should be at most one black hole in the cluster.ò??
Black holes, concentrations of mass so dense that not even light can escape, are left over after massive stars have exploded as supernovae. In a globular cluster, many of these stellar-mass black holes probably were produced early in the clusterò??s 12-billion-year history as massive stars rapidly passed through their life cycles.
Simulations have indicated that these black holes would fall toward the center of the cluster, then begin a violent gravitational dance with each other, in which all of them or perhaps all but a single one would be thrown completely out of the cluster.
ò??There is supposed to be only one survivor possible,ò?? said Jay Strader of Michigan State University and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. ò??Finding two black holes instead of one in this globular cluster definitely changes the picture.ò??
The astronomers suggest some possible explanations. First, the black holes themselves may gradually work to puff up the central parts of the cluster, reducing the density and thus the rate at which black holes eject each other through their gravitational dance. Alternatively, the cluster may not be as far along in the process of contracting as previously thought, again reducing the density of the core.
ò??Future VLA observations will help us learn about the ultimate fate of black holes in globular clusters,ò?? Chomiuk said.
The two black holes discovered with the VLA were the first stellar-mass black holes to be found in any globular cluster in the Milky Way Galaxy, and also are the first found by radio instead of X-ray observations.
An unexpected discovery by astronomers using the National Science Foundationò??s Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) is forcing scientists to rethink their understanding of the environment in globular star clusters, tight-knit collections containing hundreds of thousands of stars.
The astronomers used the VLA to study globular cluster M22, a group of stars more than 10,000 light-years from Earth. They hoped to find evidence for a rare type of black hole in the clusterò??s center. They wanted to find what scientists call an intermediate-mass black hole, more massive than the Sunò??s mass, but smaller than the supermassive black holes found at the cores of galaxies.
ò??We didnò??t find what we were looking for, but instead found something very surprising ò?? two smaller black holes,ò?? said Laura Chomiuk from Michigan State University in East Lansing. ò??Thatò??s surprising because most theorists said there should be at most one black hole in the cluster.ò??
Black holes, concentrations of mass so dense that not even light can escape, are left over after massive stars have exploded as supernovae. In a globular cluster, many of these stellar-mass black holes probably were produced early in the clusterò??s 12-billion-year history as massive stars rapidly passed through their life cycles.
Simulations have indicated that these black holes would fall toward the center of the cluster, then begin a violent gravitational dance with each other, in which all of them or perhaps all but a single one would be thrown completely out of the cluster.
ò??There is supposed to be only one survivor possible,ò?? said Jay Strader of Michigan State University and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. ò??Finding two black holes instead of one in this globular cluster definitely changes the picture.ò??
The astronomers suggest some possible explanations. First, the black holes themselves may gradually work to puff up the central parts of the cluster, reducing the density and thus the rate at which black holes eject each other through their gravitational dance. Alternatively, the cluster may not be as far along in the process of contracting as previously thought, again reducing the density of the core.
ò??Future VLA observations will help us learn about the ultimate fate of black holes in globular clusters,ò?? Chomiuk said.
The two black holes discovered with the VLA were the first stellar-mass black holes to be found in any globular cluster in the Milky Way Galaxy, and also are the first found by radio instead of X-ray observations.