Spiral galaxies stripped bare
Because HAWK-I, one of the Very Large Telescopeò??s newest and most powerful cameras, can study galaxies without the confusing effects of dust and glowing gas, it is ideal for studying the vast numbers of stars that make up spiral arms.
Six spectacular spiral galaxies are seen in a clear new light in images from the European Southern Observatoryò??s (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT) at the Paranal Observatory in Chile. The pictures were taken in infrared light, using the impressive power of the HAWK-I camera, and they will help astronomers understand how the remarkable spiral patterns in galaxies form and evolve.
HAWK-I is one of the newest and most powerful cameras on ESO's VLT. It is sensitive to infrared light, which means that much of the obscuring dust in the galaxies' spiral arms becomes transparent to its detectors. Compared to the earlier, and still much-used, VLT infrared camera ISAAC, HAWK-I has 16 times as many pixels to cover a much larger area of sky in one shot, and, by using newer technology than ISAAC, it has a greater sensitivity to faint infrared radiation. Because HAWK-I can study galaxies stripped bare of the confusing effects of dust and glowing gas, it is ideal for studying the vast numbers of stars that make up spiral arms.
The six galaxies are part of a study of spiral structure led by Preben Grosbol at ESO. These data were acquired to help understand the complex and subtle ways in which the stars in these systems form into such perfect spiral patterns.
The first image shows NGC 5247, a spiral galaxy dominated by two huge arms, located 60-70 million light-years away. The galaxy lies face-on toward Earth, thus providing an excellent view of its pinwheel structure. It lays in the constellation Virgo the Maiden. The galaxy in the second image is M100 (NGC 4321), which was discovered in the 18th century. It is a fine example of a "grand design" spiral galaxy ò?? a class of galaxies with prominent and well-defined spiral arms. About 55 million light-years from Earth, M100 is part of the Virgo cluster of galaxies and lies in the constellation Coma Berenices.
The third image is of NGC 1300, a spiral galaxy with arms extending from the ends of a spectacularly prominent central bar. It is considered a prototypical example of barred spiral galaxies and lies at a distance of about 65 million light-years in the constellation Eridanus the River.
The spiral galaxy in the fourth image, NGC 4030, lies about 75 million light-years from Earth. In 2007, Takao Doi, a Japanese astronaut who doubles as an amateur astronomer, spotted a supernova going off in this galaxy.
The fifth image, NGC 2997, is a spiral galaxy roughly 30 million light-years away in the constellation Antlia the Air Pump. NGC 2997 is the brightest member of a group of galaxies of the same name in the Local Supercluster of galaxies. Our own Local Group, of which the Milky Way is a member, is itself also part of the Local Supercluster.
Last but not least, NGC 1232 is a beautiful galaxy about 65 million light-years away in Eridanus. The galaxy is classified as an intermediate spiral galaxy ò?? somewhere between a barred and an unbarred spiral galaxy. An image of this galaxy and its small companion galaxy NGC 1232A in visible light was one of the first produced by the VLT. HAWK-I has now returned to NGC 1232 to show a different view of it at near-infrared wavelengths.
As this galactic gallery makes clear, HAWK-I lets us see the spiral structures in these six bright galaxies in exquisite detail and with a clarity that is only made possible by observing in the infrared.
Six spectacular spiral galaxies are seen in a clear new light in images from the European Southern Observatoryò??s (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT) at the Paranal Observatory in Chile. The pictures were taken in infrared light, using the impressive power of the HAWK-I camera, and they will help astronomers understand how the remarkable spiral patterns in galaxies form and evolve.
HAWK-I is one of the newest and most powerful cameras on ESO's VLT. It is sensitive to infrared light, which means that much of the obscuring dust in the galaxies' spiral arms becomes transparent to its detectors. Compared to the earlier, and still much-used, VLT infrared camera ISAAC, HAWK-I has 16 times as many pixels to cover a much larger area of sky in one shot, and, by using newer technology than ISAAC, it has a greater sensitivity to faint infrared radiation. Because HAWK-I can study galaxies stripped bare of the confusing effects of dust and glowing gas, it is ideal for studying the vast numbers of stars that make up spiral arms.
The six galaxies are part of a study of spiral structure led by Preben Grosbol at ESO. These data were acquired to help understand the complex and subtle ways in which the stars in these systems form into such perfect spiral patterns.
The first image shows NGC 5247, a spiral galaxy dominated by two huge arms, located 60-70 million light-years away. The galaxy lies face-on toward Earth, thus providing an excellent view of its pinwheel structure. It lays in the constellation Virgo the Maiden. The galaxy in the second image is M100 (NGC 4321), which was discovered in the 18th century. It is a fine example of a "grand design" spiral galaxy ò?? a class of galaxies with prominent and well-defined spiral arms. About 55 million light-years from Earth, M100 is part of the Virgo cluster of galaxies and lies in the constellation Coma Berenices.
The third image is of NGC 1300, a spiral galaxy with arms extending from the ends of a spectacularly prominent central bar. It is considered a prototypical example of barred spiral galaxies and lies at a distance of about 65 million light-years in the constellation Eridanus the River.
The spiral galaxy in the fourth image, NGC 4030, lies about 75 million light-years from Earth. In 2007, Takao Doi, a Japanese astronaut who doubles as an amateur astronomer, spotted a supernova going off in this galaxy.
The fifth image, NGC 2997, is a spiral galaxy roughly 30 million light-years away in the constellation Antlia the Air Pump. NGC 2997 is the brightest member of a group of galaxies of the same name in the Local Supercluster of galaxies. Our own Local Group, of which the Milky Way is a member, is itself also part of the Local Supercluster.
Last but not least, NGC 1232 is a beautiful galaxy about 65 million light-years away in Eridanus. The galaxy is classified as an intermediate spiral galaxy ò?? somewhere between a barred and an unbarred spiral galaxy. An image of this galaxy and its small companion galaxy NGC 1232A in visible light was one of the first produced by the VLT. HAWK-I has now returned to NGC 1232 to show a different view of it at near-infrared wavelengths.
As this galactic gallery makes clear, HAWK-I lets us see the spiral structures in these six bright galaxies in exquisite detail and with a clarity that is only made possible by observing in the infrared.