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Selected Geomagnetic and Solar Activity Indices

Worldwide Indices

The subscript p means planetary and designates a global magnetic activity
index. The following 13 observatories, which lie between 46 and 63 degrees
north and south geomagnetic latitude, now contribute to the planetary
indices: Lerwick (UK), Eskdalemuir (UK), Hartland (UK), Ottawa (Canada),
Fredericksburg (USA), Meanook (Canada), Sitka (USA), Eyrewell (New Zealand),
Canberra (Australia), Lovo (Sweden), Brorfelde (Denmark), Wingst and Niemegk
(Germany).

Three-hour-range Index Kp

Ks indices isolate solar particle effects on the earth's magnetic field;
over a 3-hour period, they classify into disturbance levels the range of
variation of the more unsettled horizontal field component. Each activity
level relates almost logarithmically to its corresponding disturbance
amplitude. Three-hour indices discriminate conservatively between true
magnetic field perturbations and the quiet-day variations produced by
ionospheric currents.

Ks indices range in 28 steps from 0 (quiet) to 9 (greatly disturbed) with
fractional parts expressed in thirds of a unit. A Ks-value equal to 27, for
example, means 2 and 2/3 or 3-; a Ks-value equal to 30 means 3 and 0/3 or 3
exactly; and a Ks-value equal to 33 means 3 and 1/3 or 3+. The arithmetic
mean of the Ks values scaled at the 13 observatories listed above gives Kp.

Equivalent Amplitude ap

The ap-index ranges from 0 to 400 and represents a Kp-value converted to a
linear scale in nT (nanoTesla) - a scale that measures equivalent
disturbance amplitude of a station at which K=9 has a lower limit of 400 nT.

Format Description

Column Format Description
====== ====== ===========
1- 2 i2 yy, last two digits of year
3- 4 i2 mm, month (1-12)
5- 6 i2 dd, day of month (1-31)

7-10 i4 Bartels solar rotation number - a sequence of 27-day
intervals counted continuously from February 8, 1832
11-12 i2 Number of day within the Bartels 27-day cycle

13-28 8i2 3-hourly Kp indices (0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-15,
15-18, 18-21, 21-24 UT)
29-31 i3 Daily Kp sum, expressed to the nearest third of a unit
(supplied only for tradition, use Ap scientific purposes!)

32-55 8i3 3-hourly ap indices (0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-15,
15-18, 18-21, 21-24 UT)
56-58 i3 Ap equivalent daily amplitude - the arithmetic mean
of the day's eight ap values

59-61 f3.1 Cp or Planetary Daily Character Figure - a qualitative estimate
of overall level of magnetic activity for the day determined
from the sum of the eight ap amplitudes. Cp ranges, in steps
of one-tenth, from 0 (quiet) to 2.5 (highly disturbed)

62-62 i1 C9 - a conversion of the 0 to 2.5 range of the Cp index to one
digit between 0 and 9

63-65 i3 International Sunspot Number. Records contain
* Zurich number through December 31, 1980
* International Brussels number thereafter

66-70 f5.1 Ottawa 10.7 cm Solar Radio Flux adjusted to 1 AU - measured
at 1700 UT daily and expressed in units of 10^-22 W/m^2/Hz.
Observations began on February 14, 1947. From that date
through December 31, 1973, the fluxes given here do not
reflect the revisions Ottawa made in 1966.

71-71 i1 Flux Qualifier
0: indicates flux required no adjustment;
1: indicates flux required adjustment for burst
in progress at time of measurement;
2: indicates a flux approximated by either
interpolation or extrapolation;
3: indicates no observation.

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For questions concerning specific data or the contents of this page, please
contact:

Dr. H.-J. Linthe, mailto:kp_index@gfz-potsdam.de

Last modified: Jan 24 1997