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KN, KS, KM GEOMAGNETIC INDICES (from SGD Explanation of Data Reports)

A full description of the indices Kn, Ks, Km is given in a monograph,
"Indices Kn, Ks et Km, 1964-1967", edited in 1968 by the Centre National de
la Recherche Scientifique, 15 quai Anatole, France, 75007 Paris, which
contains these indices for 1964-67 while IAGA Bulletin No. 39 contains those
for 1959-63. Yearly computations of these data are published in the series
of IAGA Bulletin No. 32. All of them are available in digital form at the
appropriate World Data Center.

Briefly, the three-hourly indices Kn and Ks for the Northern and Southern
Hemispheres respectively are derived from the K indices of observatories
approximately well distributed in latitude and in longitude. The indices
are standardized according to the distances of the stations to the auroral
zones. The stations are arranged in groups representing a longitude sector
in one of the hemispheres (5 in the Northern Hemisphere, 4 in the Southern).
The observatories currently in use are:

MGD Magadan EYR Eyrewell
PET Petropavlovsk LAU Lauder
MMB Memambetsu CAN Canberra

POD Podkammenaya Tunguska
SVE Sverdlovsk GNA Gnangara

NGK Niemegk KGL Kerguelen
CZT Crozet HAD Hartland
HER Hermanus

OTT Ottawa AIA Argentine Island
FRD Fredericksburg TWA Trelew

NEW Newport
VIC Victoria
TUC Tucson



The mean standardized K of each sector is converted into an equivalent
amplitude and the weighted (in longitude) averages an and as of these
amplitudes are converted back into Kn and Ks. Km is derived in the same way
from am, the average of an and as. Indices an, as, and am are expressed in
gammas (one gamma equals one nanoTesla) and correspond to the magnetic
activity level (as it can be inferred from K indices) at an invariant
magnetic latitude of 50 . Indices Kn, Ks, and Km are expressed in the same
units as Kp. Values published in these reports are only provisional because
in some months all observatories used in each longitude sector have not sent
K indices at the right time and because K indices of Antarctic stations have
to be rescaled at the end of each wintering.