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SOLAR AND SOLAR FLARE-ASSOCIATED EVENTS
and INTERPLANETARY EVENTS
1. Data in computer-readable forms
1.1 Online Data as separate file
Solar Activity and Sector Boundary of IMF
1.2 Online Data in interactive forms in SPIDR
Sunspot
Number, Sunspot Groups, Gaily Solar Flux, Stanford Mean Magnetic Field
in
SPIDR
2. Data in other
forms
3. List of the
Solar Observatories
1 ZURICH SUNSPOT DATA 1.1. maxmin 1610 - present 1.2. daily 1818 - present 1.3. monthly 1749 - present 1.4. smoothed 1749 - present 1.5. yearly 1700 - present 2 SUNSPOT GROUP REPORTS 2.1 Mt Wilson 1967 - present 2.2. USAF/NOAA 1981 - present 2.3. GREENWICH DAILY SUNSPOT SUMMARIES 1874 - present 2.4. ROME SUNSPOT GROUP REPORTS 1978 - present 2.5. ACTIVE REGIONS AND SUNSPOT GROUP 1969 - present 3 H-alpha SOLAR FLARE 3.1. group (event) 1975 - present 3.2. ungroup (report) 1938 - present 3.3. patrol 1955 - present 3.4. H-ALPHA FLARE INDEX 02.1973 - 12.1998 3.5. COMPREHENSIVE FLARE INDEX 1955 - 1980 4. X-ray 4.1. SOLRAD data 1968 - 1974 4.2. GOES data 1976 - present 5. SOLAR EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) EXPLORER-E satellite 07.1977 - 12.1980 full 6. DAILY SOLAR LYMAN-ALPHA EMISSION Solar Mesospere EXPLORER Satellite 01.1982 - 03.1989 full 7. CORONAL INDEX OF SOLAR ACTIVITY 1964 - 1986 8. DAILY TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE 8.1. NIMBUS-7 data 16.11.1978 - 31.07.1989 8.2. SOLAR MAXIMUM MISSION (SMM) data 16.02.1980 - 08.10.1987 8.3. NOAA9 data 1985 - 1989 8.4. NOAA10 data 1986 - 1987 8.5. UARS data 10.1991 - 12.1997 8.6. VIRGO/SOHO data 01 1996 - present 9 Solar Radio Data 9.1. OTTAWA, PENTINCTON 2800 MHz SOLAR FLUX 1947 - present 9.2. SOLAR RADIO NOISE 01.1960 - 04.1989 9.3. SOLAR RADIO WAVES SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS 01.1967 - 05.1989 10. MEAN SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELD VALUES 10.1. Crimean 19.03.1968 - 13.10.1976 10.2. Stanford 16.05.1975 - present 11. INTERPLANETARY FIELD 1963 - present AND SOLAR WIND PARAMETERS 11.1. OMNI data 1963 - present 11.2. Sector boundary 1947 - 1994 12. SOLAR PROTON EVENTS 1964 - 1979 (CATALOG OF LENINGRAD UNIVERSITY)
FLUX10.7 1947 - Present (daily) (monthly) (yearly) (maxmin) Sector_Boundary of IMF 1963 - Present (daily) SUNSPOT 1700 - Present (yearly), 1749 - Present (monthly) 1818 - Present (daily)
2.1. OBSERVATORY DATA (tables of solar phenomena, solar maps, drawings, etc.) 2.1.1. sunspot number AAVSO (bulletin) 07.1958 – present Athens 10.1973 – 1992 Beograd 1957 – 1959 Bucharest 01.1958 - 06.1958 Catania 10.1967 - 1995 Huancayo 1986 - 05.1995 Greenwich (Herstmonceux) 10.1972 – 09.1979 Ikomasan 1964 – 01.1968 Kandilli 1965 – present Kiev 07.1957 – 1969 Kislovodsk 07.1957 – 10.1991 Lannion 10.1979 – 11.1982 Ljubljana 07.1957 – 11.1959 New Delhi 07.1964 - 01.1993 Queson City (Manila) 1964 – present Rosario 07.1972 – 10.1976 San Miguel (Buenos Aires) 1966 - 1984 SIDC (bulletin) 1981 - 1993 Tashkent 07.1957 – 05.1976 Thessalonika 03.1964 – 10.1967 Tokio 10.1983 – 12.1993 Uccle 1985 – 05.1993 Ussurisk 07.1957 – 08.1973 Wroclaw 10.1957 – 03.1967 Zurich 1957 – 11.1959 2.1.2. SUNSPOT POSITION, AREAS, CLASSIFICATIONS AAVSO (bulletin) 07.1958 - present Arcetry 1960 – 1976 Beograd 1957 – 1959 Bucharest 01.1958 - 06.1958 Catania 1967 – 1995 Ikomasan 1964 – 01.1968 Istanbul (Kandili) 1965 - present Kislovodsk 07.1957 – 02.1992 Kiev 07.1957 – 1976 Mitaka (Tokio) 1985 - 1993 Ondrejov 07.1957 – 01.1974 Penteli 04.1988 – 01.1990 Pjongyang 1958 – 01.1960 Queson City (Manila) 05.1976 – present Roma (Rome) 07.1957 – 05.1966 San Miguel 1966 – 1984 Sofia 07.1958 – 12.1958 Tashkent 07.1957 – 05.1976 Thessalnika 03.1964 – 10.1967 Uccle 07.1957 – 07.1990 Ussurisk 07.1957 – 08.1973 Wroclaw 10.1957 – 03.1967 2.1. 3. Solar Magnetic Fields (sunspot magnetic fields) Alma Ata 08.1973 – 02.1974 Crimea (Simferopol) 06.1957 – 11.2000 Irkutsk 08.1964 – 05.1993 Kislovodsk 07.1957 – 07.1990 Moscow 07.1957 – 03.1967 Mt. Wilson 07.1957 – 1958 Potsdam 07.1957 – 06.1958 Pulkovo 07.1957 – 1979 Shemakha 08.1966 – 08.1981 Ural 10. 1966 – 08.1993 Ussurisk 03.1966 – 1986 2.1.4. CALCIUM PLAGES: positions areas, maximum intensities Ikomasan 02.1964 – 1967 Crimea (Simferopol) 06.1957 – 04.1995 Kandilli 07.1977 – 11.1978 Kislovodsk 03.1963 – 06.1992 Manila 12.1988 - 08.1989 2.1.5. SOLAR MAPS (photographic. Synoptic, etc.) Freiburg 1957 – 1973 Kislovodsk 07.1957 – 02.1992 Meudon 07.1957 – 10.1960 Tokio (Mitaka) 07.1957 – 1959 2.1.6. Filaments, prominences Abastumani 07.1957 – 10.1992 Anacapri 06.1957 – 04.1972 Archetri 1965 – 06.1976 Athens 07.1957 – 04.1994 Bucharest 03.1964 – 10.1993 Cape Town 03.1958 – 05.1968 Catania 1964 – 06.1986 Climax 07.1957 – 09.1966 Culgoora 1965 – 04.1992 Edinburgh 07.1957 – 09.1958 Haute Provence 1968 – 05.1975 Hawaii 07.1958 – 09.1969 Greenwich (Herstmonceux) 06.1957 – 1961 Huancayo 07.1958 – 1970 Hyderabad 05.1958 – 05.1965 Istanbul 10.1978 - 1991 Kanzelhohe 07.1957 – 07.1966 Kharkov 03.1958 – 02.1994 Kiev 02.1965 – 06.1979 Kislovodsk 07.1957 – 1990 Kodaikanal 07.1957 – 1984 Lockheed 1959 –10.1971 Lomnicky Stit 10.1977 – 05.1984 Lvov 06.1964 – 11.1983 Manila 1964 – 08.1989 Meudon 07.1957 – 05.1975 Mitaka 07.1957 – 01.1982 Moscow (IZMIRAN) 07.1957 – 1965 Mt. Wilson 07.1957 – 1958 Nizamiah 07.1957 – 11.1960 Ondrejov 06.1957 – 08.1958 Ottawa 07.1957 – 06.1966 Sacramento Peak 10.1961 – 10.1969 Sydney 07.1957 – 1964 Tashkent 1957 – 03.1981 Thessalonika 1964 – 06.1971 Uccle 06.1957 – 06.1971 Ussurisk 02.1964 – 03.1994 Weissenau 1989 - 1991 Wendelstein 07.1957 – 02.1986 Wroclaw 03.1964 – 1965 Zurich 07.1957 - 1958 2.1.7.Ha FLARES, Ha FLARE PATROL Abastumani 07.1957 - 07.1991 Alma Ata 1957 - 1962 Anacapri 07.1957 - 1972 Arcetri 07.1957 - 06.1976 Arosa 07.1957 - 1958 Athens 07.1957 - 1994 Big Bear 1979 - 09.1982 Boulder 1968 - 03.1980 Bucharest 07.1961 - 01.1992 Buenos Aires (San Miguel) 05.1967 - 10.1970 Canary Islands 1968 - 02.1974 Cape Town 03.1958 - 01.1972 Carnarvon 1968 - 02.1964 Catania 1964 - 1996 Climax 07.1957 - 09.1966 Crimea (Simferopol) 07.1957 - 05.1972 Culgoora 1965 - 1989 Dunsink 12.1957 - 05.1965 Edinburgh 07.1957 - 07.1958 Freiburg 07.1957 - 10.1959 Graz - 1994 Haleakala 04.1964 - 09.1969 Haute Provence 1968 - 1994 Hawai 07.1957 - 09.1963 Herstmonceux 06.1957 - 06.1964 Houston 1968 - 04.1970 Huancayo 07.1957 - 03.1982 Hurbanovo 1969 - 01.1997 Hyderabad 05.1958 - 05.1965 Ikomasan 02.1964 - 01.1968 Irkutsk 09.1963 - 1972 Kandilli 1965 - 1991 Kanzelhohe 03.1964 - 05.1995 Kharkov 10.1957 - 10.1994 Kiev 09.1957 - 08.1979 Kodaikanal 07.1957 - 01.1991 Lockheed 1959 - 11.1971 Lvov 04.1964 - 1986 Manila 02.1964 - 08.1989 McMath-Hulbert 07.1957 - 08.1979 Meudon 07.1957 - 01.1997 Mitaka 07.1957 - present Moscow (IZMIRAN) 07.1957 - 05.1970 Moscow University (GAISH) 08.1957 - 06.1962 Nera 08.1957 - 05.1970 Ondrejov 06.1957 - 09.1975 Ottawa 07.1957 - 06.1966 Palehua 1971 - 05.1974 Pirkuli 03.1958 - 11.1961 Roma 08.1970 - 05.1979 Sacramento Peac 07.1957 - 10.1969 Saltajobaden 07.1957 - 06.1960 Shemakha 12.1961 - 05.1967 Slough 04.1976 - 1977 Sydney 07.1957 - 05.1967 Tashkent 1957 - 05.1994 Tehran 03.1970 - 05.1974 Thessalonika 1964 - 10.1967 Uccle 07.1957 - 06.1971 Upice 02.1972 - 08.1982 Ussurisk 1958 - 1994 Utrecht 07.1957 - 10.1959 Wendelstein 05.1964 - 1986 Wroclaw 1964 - 1965, 07.1986 - 07.1990 2.1.8. MASS EJECTIONS FROM THE SUN Abastumani 05.1981 - 06.1985 Kharkov 09.1980 - 1992 Tremsdorf (Potsdam) 05.1990 - 03.1993 Weissenau 02.1980 - 10.1992 Wendelstein 02.1980 - 08.1986 Wroclaw 05.1986 - 07.1993 Ussurisk 05.1988 – 06.1993 2.1.9. OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE CORONA Alma Ata 08.1957 - 1959 Arosa 07.1957 - 1958 Climax 1960 - 04.1966 Cordoba 09.1965 - 10.1969 Kanzelhohe 07.1957 - 09.1964 Kislovodsk 07.1957 - 05.1992 Lomnicky Stit 07.1965 - 02.1993 Norikura 07.1957 - 05.1993 Pic du Midi 07.1957 - 07.1976 Wendelstein 07.1957 - 02.1981 2.1.10. TOTAL RADIO FLUX MEASUREMENTS, FIXED FREQUENCY, SOLAR RADIO EVENTS Abastumani (221 MHz) 12.1957 - 1982 Arcetri (1420, 2830, 9100, 9240, 9285 MHz) 12.1957 - 09.1979 Athens 1989 - 04.1994 Berlin-Adlershof(1470, 1490, 1500, 2000, 3000, 9139, 9400, 9500 MHz) 1964-04.1972 Bologna (327 MHz) 10.1963 - 02.1972 Bordeaux (930 MHz) 1975 - 1986 Boulder (167, 470 MHz) 1957 - 1958 Cambridge (81, 178 MHz) 1957 - 1958 Crimea (Simferopol) (208, 220, 3100 MHz) 07.1957 - 01.1994 Dwingelo 1975 - 1983 Harestua (225, 228 MHz) 07.1957 - 11.1981 Hiraiso (100, 200, 500 MHz) 07.1957 - 07.2000 Hollandia (200, 545 MHz) 07.1957 - 02.1960 Honolulu 07.1957 - 07.1959 Huancayo (9400 MHz) 1969 - 09.1993 Humain (169, 600 MHz) 11.1957 - 07.1991 Irkutsk/Sayan (209, 5730, 9300, 9500, 9600, 9700 MHz) 12.1958 - 05.1995 Ithaka (201 MHz) 03.1958 - 12.1958 Jodrell Bank (80, 200, 3000 MHz) 09.1957 - 01.1959 Kiev (188, 204, 550 MHz) 07.1964 - 05.1977 Kislovodsk (178, 930, 5900, 6100, 15000 MHz) 07.1957 - 07.1992 Krakow (430, 810 MHz) 10.1957 - 07.1992 Lwiro (169MHz) 1957 - 05.1959 Macau (60 MHz) 05.1958 - 03.1960 Moscow (IZMIRAN) (202, 204, 207, 208, 545, 3000 MHz) 07.1957 - 1993 Nera (200, 255 MHz) 07.1957 - 06.1970 Ondrejov (231, 260, 536, 808, 9400 MHz) 07.1957 - 1986 Ottawa (2800 MHz) 07.1957 - 08.1995 Penticton (2700 MHz) 07.1964 - present Riga (220 MHz) 07.1959 - 05.1966 San Miguel 05.1967 - 04.1972 Slough (2800, 3000, 9400, 19000, 37000, 71000 MHz) 07.1967 - 1975 Sydney (600, 700, 1400, 1420 MHz) 07.1957 - 04.1980 Tokyo (200, 227, 408, 612, 3000, 9500, 17000 MHz) 07.1957 - present Torun (127 MHz) 1975 - present Toyokawa (1000, 2000, 3750, 9400 MHz) 05.1956 - 1991 Tremsdorf (23, 40, 68, 113, 234, 1470, 3000, 9500 MHz) 07.1957 - 1991 Trieste (237,327, 408 MHz) 03.1966 - 03.1979 Uccle (169, 600 MHz) 04.1957 - 02.1970 Ussurisk (208, 2930 MHz) 06.1959 - 1986 Zimenky (100, 200, 650, 950, 2950, 9100 MHz) 07.1966 - 11.1994 2.1.11. RADIO EAST-WEST SCANS OF SOLAR DISK Humain 05.1990 - 01.1991 IZMIRAN (Moscow) 1985 - 02.1992 Ottawa (10.7 cm) 08.1977 - 1991 Penticton 1979 - 1991 Tremsdorf (Potsdam) 1967 - 07.1991 Torun 1975 - 09.1991 Zimenki 1977 - 02.1992 2.1.12. SOLAR RADIO SPECTROGRAMS OF EVENTS Blein (100-1000 MHz) 07.1979 - 10.1990 Culgoora (8-2000 MHz) 06.1975 - 1985 Durnten (140-1000 MHz) 10.1975 - 05.1979 Dwingelo 1976 - 07.1981 Sydney (10-250 MHz) 07.1957 - 01.1965 Weissenau (30-1000 MHz) 11.1973 - 1986 2. PUBLICATIONS of WDC for STP, Boulder 2.1. SOLAR - GEOPHISICAL DATA 1957 - 04.2000 2.2. Ha SYNOPTIC CHARTS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY FOR THE PERIOD SKYLAB OBSERVATIONS, 05 1973 – 03.1974 (Report UAG-40) 2.3. ANNOTATED ATLAS Ha SYNOPTIC CHARTS FOR SOLAR CYCLE 20, 1964 – 1974 (Report UAG-70) 2.4. SOLAR OBSERVATIONS DURING SKYLAB, 04.1973 – 02.1974 (Report UAG-79) 2.5. EVOLUTIONARY CHARTS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY (CALCIUM PLAGES) AS FUNCTION OF HELIOGRAPHIC LONGITUDE AND TIME, 1964 – 1979 (Report UAG-81) 2.6. SYNOPTIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE SOLAR CORONA, 11.10.1971 – 15.01.1973 (Report UAG-48a) 2.7. SYNOPTIC SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELD MAPS, 05.05.1973 – 26.04.1979 (Report UAG-77) 2.8. AN ATLAS OF PHOTOSPHERIC MAGNETIC FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND COMPUTED CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELD, 1976 – 1995 (Report UAG-94) 2.9. CATALOGUE OF CORONAL HOLES, 1970 – 1991 (Report UAG-102) 2.10. ATLAS OF STACKPLOTS DERIVED FROM SOLAR SYNOPTIC CHARTS, 1966 – 1987 (Report UAG-101) 2.11. CATALOG OF SOLAR FILAMENT DISAPPEARANCES, 1964 – 1980 (Report UAG-70) 2.12. SYNOPTIC RADIO MAPS OF THE SUN AT 3.3 mm, 1967 – 1969 (Report UAG-32) 2.13. SYNOPTIC RADIO MAPS OF THE SUN AT 9.1 mm, 06.1962 – 08.1973 (Report UAG-44) 2.14. SYNOPTIC RADIO MAPS OF THE SUN AT 3.3 mm, 1970 – 1973 (Report UAG-66) 2.15. TYPE II SOLAR RADIO BURST REORDED AT WEISSENAU, 1966 – 1987 (Report UAG-98) 3. PUBLICATIONS of WDC for STP, Moscow3.1. Flare activity of the Sun and certain index of interplanetary and geomagnetic fields, 1957 - 1973, M., 1977
3.2. Azimuth component of the interplanetary magnetic field, 1958-1964, M., 1979
3.3. Indices of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity. M., 1982
3.4. Mean Magnetic Field of the Sun as a Star. Catalogue.1968-1976.M.,1983
3.5
. Hα - Synoptic Charts. Solar Cycle 19 (1955-1964), M., 1984.3.6. Solar Activity Data Management System. M., 1985
3.7. Spectra of the Solar Proton Events in 20, 21 Solar Cycles. M., 1986
3.8. Preliminary Data from Solar Hard X-Ray Monitor on VENERA 13, 14 (June 1, 1982 – March 13, 1983), M., 1987
3.9 Catalog of events and Radioemission burst in the observational interval of AIS "venera-13,14". G.,1987
3.10. Catalogue of Solar Hard X-Ray Bursts as Detected on PROGNOZ-9 Satellite from July 1, 1983 to Feb.10, 1984, M., 1988
3.11. The catalogue of solar activity for 1979. M., 1989
3.12. Solar proton events. Catalogue. 1980-1986, (Data on paticles and electromagnetic emissions) M., 1990
3.13. Solar proton events. Catalogue. 1980-1986, (Plots of the time profiles and energetic spectra of protons, synoptic charts and schemes of sunspot groups) M., 1990
3.14. . Solar Radio Observations with RATAN – 600 Radiotelescope in the Wavelength Range of 2 –4 cm during the Period of the Solar Maximum Year
(Dec.15,1979 – Apr 3, 1980), M., 1990
3.15. Solar Radio Observations with RATAN – 600 Radiotelescope in the Wavelength Range of 2 –4 cm during the Period of the Solar Maximum Year (Apr.05 - Sept.12, 1980), M., 1990
3.16. Solar Radio Observations with RATAN – 600 Radiotelescope in the Wavelength Range of 2 –4 cm during the Period of the Solar Maximum Year (Sept.13, 1980 – Jan.28, 1981), M., 1990
OBSERVATORY GEOGRAPHIC Lat. Long. East Abastumani 41.75N 42.83 Alma Ata 43.10N 76.90 Anacapri (Capri) 40.55N 14.22 Arcetri 43.75N 11.26 Arosa 46.78N 9.68 Athens 37.85N 23.72 Beograd 44.80N 20.51 Berlin-Adlershof 52.43N 13.53 Big Bear 34.16N 243.49 Blein 47.44N 8.72 Blindern (Kjeller, Harestua) 60.22N 10.75 Bologna 44.50N 11.30 Bordeaux 44.84N 359.47 Boulder 39.98N 254.72 Bucharest 44.41N 26.05 Buenos Aires (San Miguel) 34.52N 301.24 Cambridge 52.17N 0.03 Canary Islands 28.00N 344.70 Cape Town (Cape of Good Hope) 33.93S 18.40 Carnarvon 25.00S 114.00 Catania 37.50N 15.08 Climax 39.37N 253.82 Cordoba 31.50S 295.50 Crimea (Simferopol) 44.40N 33.98 Culgora 30.32S 149.56 Delhi (New Delhi) 28.60N 77.10 Dunsink 53.38N 353.67 Durnten 47.28N 8.85 Dwingelo 52.81N 6.40 Edinburgh 55.92N 356.82 Freiburg/Breisac 48.00N 7.80 Georgiana 47.52N 19.04 Grahamstown 33.32S 26.50 Greenwich (Herstmonseux) 50.90N 0.33 Haleakala 20.71N 203.74 Haute Provence 43.93N 5.72 Hiraiso 36.37N 142.62 Hollandia 2.50S 140.50 Honolulu (Hawai) 21.30N 201.90 Houston 30.00N 265.00 Huancayo 12.03S 284.67 Humain 50.18N 5.25 Hurbanovo 47.87N 18.19 Hyderabad 17.43N 78.45 Ikomasan 34.68N 135.68 Irkutsk (Sayan) 52.27N 104.30 Istanbul 41.01N 31.93 Ithaca 42.45N 283.48 IZMIRAN/Moscow 55.28N 37.19 Jodrell Bank 53.23N 350.70 Kandilli 41.06N 29.06 Kanzelhohe 46.68N 13.91 Kharkov 49.43N 36.92 Kiev 50.45N 30.50 Kislovodsk 44.70N 43.50 Kodaikanal 10.20N 77.50 Krakow (Cracow) 50.05N 19.95 Lannion 48.75N 356.55 Ljubljana 46.03N 13.18 Locarno 46.17N 8.80 Lockheed 33.93N 241.62 Lomnicky Štit 49.20N 20.22 Lvov 49.82N 24.02 Lwiro 2.25S 28.60 Macau 22.20N 113.55 Manila (Quezon City) 14.65N 121.07 McMath-Hulbert 42.67N 276.70 Meudon 48.80N 2.23 Mitaka (Tokyo) 35.67N 139.55 Moscow University (GAISH) 55.47N 37.32 Mt.Wilson 34.22N 242.06 Nera (Nederhorst Den Berg) 52.27N 5.00 Norikura 36.11N 137.55 OndÜejov 49.92N 14.98 Ottawa 45.96N 281.93 Palehua 21.38N 201.93 Penticton 49.32N 240.38 Pic du Midi 42.94N 0.01 Potsdam (Tremsdorf) 52.38N 13.07 Pulkovo 59.46N 30.19 Pyongyang 39.07N 125.78 Riga 56.95N 24.07 Roma 41.90N 12.50 Rosario 32.92S 300.63 Sacramento Peak 32.78N 254.68 Saltsjobaden 59.27N 18.25 Shemakha (Pirkuli) 40.77N 48.58 Slough 51.48N 359.43 Sofia 42.65N 23.44 Sydney 33.87S 150.77 Tashkent 41.33N 69.30 Tehran 35.70N 51.40 Tel Aviv 32.10N 34.56 Thessalonika 40.95N 23.00 Tokyo 35.67N 139.55 Torun 53.10N 18.55 Toyokawa 34.83N 137.37 Trieste 45.64N 13.88 Tromso 69.70N 19.00 Uccle (Dourbes) 50.80N 4.35 Upice 50.30N 16.01 Ural 55.00N 37.00 Ussurisk 43.00N 132.00 Utrecht 52.08N 5.13 Washington 38.86N 258.01 Weissenau 47.46N 9.35 Wendelstein 47.70N 12.00 Wroclaw 51.10N 17.08 Zimenki (Gorky) 56.10N 44.30 Zurich 47.38N 8.57