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SOLAR AND SOLAR FLARE-ASSOCIATED EVENTS
and INTERPLANETARY EVENTS
1. Data in computer-readable forms
1.1 Online Data as separate file
Solar Activity and Sector Boundary of IMF
1.2 Online Data in interactive forms in SPIDR
Sunspot
Number, Sunspot Groups, Gaily Solar Flux, Stanford Mean Magnetic Field
in
SPIDR
2. Data in other
forms
3. List of the
Solar Observatories
1 ZURICH SUNSPOT DATA
1.1. maxmin 1610 - present
1.2. daily 1818 - present
1.3. monthly 1749 - present
1.4. smoothed 1749 - present
1.5. yearly 1700 - present
2 SUNSPOT GROUP REPORTS
2.1 Mt Wilson 1967 - present
2.2. USAF/NOAA 1981 - present
2.3. GREENWICH DAILY SUNSPOT SUMMARIES 1874 - present
2.4. ROME SUNSPOT GROUP REPORTS 1978 - present
2.5. ACTIVE REGIONS AND SUNSPOT GROUP 1969 - present
3 H-alpha SOLAR FLARE
3.1. group (event) 1975 - present
3.2. ungroup (report) 1938 - present
3.3. patrol 1955 - present
3.4. H-ALPHA FLARE INDEX 02.1973 - 12.1998
3.5. COMPREHENSIVE FLARE INDEX 1955 - 1980
4. X-ray
4.1. SOLRAD data 1968 - 1974
4.2. GOES data 1976 - present
5. SOLAR EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV)
EXPLORER-E satellite 07.1977 - 12.1980 full
6. DAILY SOLAR LYMAN-ALPHA EMISSION
Solar Mesospere EXPLORER Satellite 01.1982 - 03.1989 full
7. CORONAL INDEX OF SOLAR ACTIVITY 1964 - 1986
8. DAILY TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE
8.1. NIMBUS-7 data 16.11.1978 - 31.07.1989
8.2. SOLAR MAXIMUM MISSION (SMM) data 16.02.1980 - 08.10.1987
8.3. NOAA9 data 1985 - 1989
8.4. NOAA10 data 1986 - 1987
8.5. UARS data 10.1991 - 12.1997
8.6. VIRGO/SOHO data 01 1996 - present
9 Solar Radio Data
9.1. OTTAWA, PENTINCTON 2800 MHz SOLAR FLUX 1947 - present
9.2. SOLAR RADIO NOISE 01.1960 - 04.1989
9.3. SOLAR RADIO WAVES SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS 01.1967 - 05.1989
10. MEAN SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELD VALUES
10.1. Crimean 19.03.1968 - 13.10.1976
10.2. Stanford 16.05.1975 - present
11. INTERPLANETARY FIELD 1963 - present
AND SOLAR WIND PARAMETERS
11.1. OMNI data 1963 - present
11.2. Sector boundary 1947 - 1994
12. SOLAR PROTON EVENTS 1964 - 1979
(CATALOG OF LENINGRAD UNIVERSITY)
FLUX10.7 1947 - Present (daily)
(monthly)
(yearly)
(maxmin)
Sector_Boundary of IMF 1963 - Present (daily)
SUNSPOT 1700 - Present (yearly),
1749 - Present (monthly)
1818 - Present (daily)
2.1. OBSERVATORY DATA (tables of solar phenomena, solar maps, drawings, etc.)
2.1.1. sunspot number
AAVSO (bulletin) 07.1958 – present
Athens 10.1973 – 1992
Beograd 1957 – 1959
Bucharest 01.1958 - 06.1958
Catania 10.1967 - 1995
Huancayo 1986 - 05.1995
Greenwich (Herstmonceux) 10.1972 – 09.1979
Ikomasan 1964 – 01.1968
Kandilli 1965 – present
Kiev 07.1957 – 1969
Kislovodsk 07.1957 – 10.1991
Lannion 10.1979 – 11.1982
Ljubljana 07.1957 – 11.1959
New Delhi 07.1964 - 01.1993
Queson City (Manila) 1964 – present
Rosario 07.1972 – 10.1976
San Miguel (Buenos Aires) 1966 - 1984
SIDC (bulletin) 1981 - 1993
Tashkent 07.1957 – 05.1976
Thessalonika 03.1964 – 10.1967
Tokio 10.1983 – 12.1993
Uccle 1985 – 05.1993
Ussurisk 07.1957 – 08.1973
Wroclaw 10.1957 – 03.1967
Zurich 1957 – 11.1959
2.1.2. SUNSPOT POSITION, AREAS, CLASSIFICATIONS
AAVSO (bulletin) 07.1958 - present
Arcetry 1960 – 1976
Beograd 1957 – 1959
Bucharest 01.1958 - 06.1958
Catania 1967 – 1995
Ikomasan 1964 – 01.1968
Istanbul (Kandili) 1965 - present
Kislovodsk 07.1957 – 02.1992
Kiev 07.1957 – 1976
Mitaka (Tokio) 1985 - 1993
Ondrejov 07.1957 – 01.1974
Penteli 04.1988 – 01.1990
Pjongyang 1958 – 01.1960
Queson City (Manila) 05.1976 – present
Roma (Rome) 07.1957 – 05.1966
San Miguel 1966 – 1984
Sofia 07.1958 – 12.1958
Tashkent 07.1957 – 05.1976
Thessalnika 03.1964 – 10.1967
Uccle 07.1957 – 07.1990
Ussurisk 07.1957 – 08.1973
Wroclaw 10.1957 – 03.1967
2.1. 3. Solar Magnetic Fields (sunspot magnetic fields)
Alma Ata 08.1973 – 02.1974
Crimea (Simferopol) 06.1957 – 11.2000
Irkutsk 08.1964 – 05.1993
Kislovodsk 07.1957 – 07.1990
Moscow 07.1957 – 03.1967
Mt. Wilson 07.1957 – 1958
Potsdam 07.1957 – 06.1958
Pulkovo 07.1957 – 1979
Shemakha 08.1966 – 08.1981
Ural 10. 1966 – 08.1993
Ussurisk 03.1966 – 1986
2.1.4. CALCIUM PLAGES: positions areas, maximum intensities
Ikomasan 02.1964 – 1967
Crimea (Simferopol) 06.1957 – 04.1995
Kandilli 07.1977 – 11.1978
Kislovodsk 03.1963 – 06.1992
Manila 12.1988 - 08.1989
2.1.5. SOLAR MAPS (photographic. Synoptic, etc.)
Freiburg 1957 – 1973
Kislovodsk 07.1957 – 02.1992
Meudon 07.1957 – 10.1960
Tokio (Mitaka) 07.1957 – 1959
2.1.6. Filaments, prominences
Abastumani 07.1957 – 10.1992
Anacapri 06.1957 – 04.1972
Archetri 1965 – 06.1976
Athens 07.1957 – 04.1994
Bucharest 03.1964 – 10.1993
Cape Town 03.1958 – 05.1968
Catania 1964 – 06.1986
Climax 07.1957 – 09.1966
Culgoora 1965 – 04.1992
Edinburgh 07.1957 – 09.1958
Haute Provence 1968 – 05.1975
Hawaii 07.1958 – 09.1969
Greenwich (Herstmonceux) 06.1957 – 1961
Huancayo 07.1958 – 1970
Hyderabad 05.1958 – 05.1965
Istanbul 10.1978 - 1991
Kanzelhohe 07.1957 – 07.1966
Kharkov 03.1958 – 02.1994
Kiev 02.1965 – 06.1979
Kislovodsk 07.1957 – 1990
Kodaikanal 07.1957 – 1984
Lockheed 1959 –10.1971
Lomnicky Stit 10.1977 – 05.1984
Lvov 06.1964 – 11.1983
Manila 1964 – 08.1989
Meudon 07.1957 – 05.1975
Mitaka 07.1957 – 01.1982
Moscow (IZMIRAN) 07.1957 – 1965
Mt. Wilson 07.1957 – 1958
Nizamiah 07.1957 – 11.1960
Ondrejov 06.1957 – 08.1958
Ottawa 07.1957 – 06.1966
Sacramento Peak 10.1961 – 10.1969
Sydney 07.1957 – 1964
Tashkent 1957 – 03.1981
Thessalonika 1964 – 06.1971
Uccle 06.1957 – 06.1971
Ussurisk 02.1964 – 03.1994
Weissenau 1989 - 1991
Wendelstein 07.1957 – 02.1986
Wroclaw 03.1964 – 1965
Zurich 07.1957 - 1958
2.1.7.Ha FLARES, Ha FLARE PATROL
Abastumani 07.1957 - 07.1991
Alma Ata 1957 - 1962
Anacapri 07.1957 - 1972
Arcetri 07.1957 - 06.1976
Arosa 07.1957 - 1958
Athens 07.1957 - 1994
Big Bear 1979 - 09.1982
Boulder 1968 - 03.1980
Bucharest 07.1961 - 01.1992
Buenos Aires (San Miguel) 05.1967 - 10.1970
Canary Islands 1968 - 02.1974
Cape Town 03.1958 - 01.1972
Carnarvon 1968 - 02.1964
Catania 1964 - 1996
Climax 07.1957 - 09.1966
Crimea (Simferopol) 07.1957 - 05.1972
Culgoora 1965 - 1989
Dunsink 12.1957 - 05.1965
Edinburgh 07.1957 - 07.1958
Freiburg 07.1957 - 10.1959
Graz - 1994
Haleakala 04.1964 - 09.1969
Haute Provence 1968 - 1994
Hawai 07.1957 - 09.1963
Herstmonceux 06.1957 - 06.1964
Houston 1968 - 04.1970
Huancayo 07.1957 - 03.1982
Hurbanovo 1969 - 01.1997
Hyderabad 05.1958 - 05.1965
Ikomasan 02.1964 - 01.1968
Irkutsk 09.1963 - 1972
Kandilli 1965 - 1991
Kanzelhohe 03.1964 - 05.1995
Kharkov 10.1957 - 10.1994
Kiev 09.1957 - 08.1979
Kodaikanal 07.1957 - 01.1991
Lockheed 1959 - 11.1971
Lvov 04.1964 - 1986
Manila 02.1964 - 08.1989
McMath-Hulbert 07.1957 - 08.1979
Meudon 07.1957 - 01.1997
Mitaka 07.1957 - present
Moscow (IZMIRAN) 07.1957 - 05.1970
Moscow University (GAISH) 08.1957 - 06.1962
Nera 08.1957 - 05.1970
Ondrejov 06.1957 - 09.1975
Ottawa 07.1957 - 06.1966
Palehua 1971 - 05.1974
Pirkuli 03.1958 - 11.1961
Roma 08.1970 - 05.1979
Sacramento Peac 07.1957 - 10.1969
Saltajobaden 07.1957 - 06.1960
Shemakha 12.1961 - 05.1967
Slough 04.1976 - 1977
Sydney 07.1957 - 05.1967
Tashkent 1957 - 05.1994
Tehran 03.1970 - 05.1974
Thessalonika 1964 - 10.1967
Uccle 07.1957 - 06.1971
Upice 02.1972 - 08.1982
Ussurisk 1958 - 1994
Utrecht 07.1957 - 10.1959
Wendelstein 05.1964 - 1986
Wroclaw 1964 - 1965, 07.1986 - 07.1990
2.1.8. MASS EJECTIONS FROM THE SUN
Abastumani 05.1981 - 06.1985
Kharkov 09.1980 - 1992
Tremsdorf (Potsdam) 05.1990 - 03.1993
Weissenau 02.1980 - 10.1992
Wendelstein 02.1980 - 08.1986
Wroclaw 05.1986 - 07.1993
Ussurisk 05.1988 – 06.1993
2.1.9. OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE CORONA
Alma Ata 08.1957 - 1959
Arosa 07.1957 - 1958
Climax 1960 - 04.1966
Cordoba 09.1965 - 10.1969
Kanzelhohe 07.1957 - 09.1964
Kislovodsk 07.1957 - 05.1992
Lomnicky Stit 07.1965 - 02.1993
Norikura 07.1957 - 05.1993
Pic du Midi 07.1957 - 07.1976
Wendelstein 07.1957 - 02.1981
2.1.10. TOTAL RADIO FLUX MEASUREMENTS, FIXED FREQUENCY, SOLAR RADIO EVENTS
Abastumani (221 MHz) 12.1957 - 1982
Arcetri (1420, 2830, 9100, 9240, 9285 MHz) 12.1957 - 09.1979
Athens 1989 - 04.1994
Berlin-Adlershof(1470, 1490, 1500, 2000, 3000, 9139, 9400, 9500 MHz)
1964-04.1972
Bologna (327 MHz) 10.1963 - 02.1972
Bordeaux (930 MHz) 1975 - 1986
Boulder (167, 470 MHz) 1957 - 1958
Cambridge (81, 178 MHz) 1957 - 1958
Crimea (Simferopol) (208, 220, 3100 MHz) 07.1957 - 01.1994
Dwingelo 1975 - 1983
Harestua (225, 228 MHz) 07.1957 - 11.1981
Hiraiso (100, 200, 500 MHz) 07.1957 - 07.2000
Hollandia (200, 545 MHz) 07.1957 - 02.1960
Honolulu 07.1957 - 07.1959
Huancayo (9400 MHz) 1969 - 09.1993
Humain (169, 600 MHz) 11.1957 - 07.1991
Irkutsk/Sayan (209, 5730, 9300, 9500, 9600, 9700 MHz)
12.1958 - 05.1995
Ithaka (201 MHz) 03.1958 - 12.1958
Jodrell Bank (80, 200, 3000 MHz) 09.1957 - 01.1959
Kiev (188, 204, 550 MHz) 07.1964 - 05.1977
Kislovodsk (178, 930, 5900, 6100, 15000 MHz) 07.1957 - 07.1992
Krakow (430, 810 MHz) 10.1957 - 07.1992
Lwiro (169MHz) 1957 - 05.1959
Macau (60 MHz) 05.1958 - 03.1960
Moscow (IZMIRAN) (202, 204, 207, 208, 545, 3000 MHz)
07.1957 - 1993
Nera (200, 255 MHz) 07.1957 - 06.1970
Ondrejov (231, 260, 536, 808, 9400 MHz) 07.1957 - 1986
Ottawa (2800 MHz) 07.1957 - 08.1995
Penticton (2700 MHz) 07.1964 - present
Riga (220 MHz) 07.1959 - 05.1966
San Miguel 05.1967 - 04.1972
Slough (2800, 3000, 9400, 19000, 37000, 71000 MHz)
07.1967 - 1975
Sydney (600, 700, 1400, 1420 MHz) 07.1957 - 04.1980
Tokyo (200, 227, 408, 612, 3000, 9500, 17000 MHz)
07.1957 - present
Torun (127 MHz) 1975 - present
Toyokawa (1000, 2000, 3750, 9400 MHz) 05.1956 - 1991
Tremsdorf (23, 40, 68, 113, 234, 1470, 3000, 9500 MHz)
07.1957 - 1991
Trieste (237,327, 408 MHz) 03.1966 - 03.1979
Uccle (169, 600 MHz) 04.1957 - 02.1970
Ussurisk (208, 2930 MHz) 06.1959 - 1986
Zimenky (100, 200, 650, 950, 2950, 9100 MHz) 07.1966 - 11.1994
2.1.11. RADIO EAST-WEST SCANS OF SOLAR DISK
Humain 05.1990 - 01.1991
IZMIRAN (Moscow) 1985 - 02.1992
Ottawa (10.7 cm) 08.1977 - 1991
Penticton 1979 - 1991
Tremsdorf (Potsdam) 1967 - 07.1991
Torun 1975 - 09.1991
Zimenki 1977 - 02.1992
2.1.12. SOLAR RADIO SPECTROGRAMS OF EVENTS
Blein (100-1000 MHz) 07.1979 - 10.1990
Culgoora (8-2000 MHz) 06.1975 - 1985
Durnten (140-1000 MHz) 10.1975 - 05.1979
Dwingelo 1976 - 07.1981
Sydney (10-250 MHz) 07.1957 - 01.1965
Weissenau (30-1000 MHz) 11.1973 - 1986
2. PUBLICATIONS of WDC for STP, Boulder
2.1. SOLAR - GEOPHISICAL DATA 1957 - 04.2000
2.2. Ha SYNOPTIC CHARTS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY FOR THE PERIOD SKYLAB OBSERVATIONS, 05 1973 – 03.1974 (Report UAG-40)
2.3. ANNOTATED ATLAS Ha SYNOPTIC CHARTS FOR SOLAR CYCLE 20, 1964 – 1974 (Report UAG-70)
2.4. SOLAR OBSERVATIONS DURING SKYLAB, 04.1973 – 02.1974 (Report UAG-79)
2.5. EVOLUTIONARY CHARTS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY (CALCIUM PLAGES) AS FUNCTION OF HELIOGRAPHIC LONGITUDE AND TIME, 1964 – 1979 (Report UAG-81)
2.6. SYNOPTIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE SOLAR CORONA, 11.10.1971 – 15.01.1973 (Report UAG-48a)
2.7. SYNOPTIC SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELD MAPS, 05.05.1973 – 26.04.1979 (Report UAG-77)
2.8. AN ATLAS OF PHOTOSPHERIC MAGNETIC FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND COMPUTED CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELD, 1976 – 1995 (Report UAG-94)
2.9. CATALOGUE OF CORONAL HOLES, 1970 – 1991 (Report UAG-102)
2.10. ATLAS OF STACKPLOTS DERIVED FROM SOLAR SYNOPTIC CHARTS, 1966 – 1987 (Report UAG-101)
2.11. CATALOG OF SOLAR FILAMENT DISAPPEARANCES, 1964 – 1980 (Report UAG-70)
2.12. SYNOPTIC RADIO MAPS OF THE SUN AT 3.3 mm, 1967 – 1969 (Report UAG-32)
2.13. SYNOPTIC RADIO MAPS OF THE SUN AT 9.1 mm, 06.1962 – 08.1973 (Report UAG-44)
2.14. SYNOPTIC RADIO MAPS OF THE SUN AT 3.3 mm, 1970 – 1973 (Report UAG-66)
2.15. TYPE II SOLAR RADIO BURST REORDED AT WEISSENAU, 1966 – 1987 (Report UAG-98)
3. PUBLICATIONS of WDC for STP, Moscow
3.1. Flare activity of the Sun and certain index of interplanetary and geomagnetic fields, 1957 - 1973, M., 1977
3.2. Azimuth component of the interplanetary magnetic field, 1958-1964, M., 1979
3.3. Indices of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity. M., 1982
3.4. Mean Magnetic Field of the Sun as a Star. Catalogue.1968-1976.M.,1983
3.5
. Hα - Synoptic Charts. Solar Cycle 19 (1955-1964), M., 1984.
3.6. Solar Activity Data Management System. M., 1985
3.7. Spectra of the Solar Proton Events in 20, 21 Solar Cycles. M., 1986
3.8. Preliminary Data from Solar Hard X-Ray Monitor on VENERA 13, 14 (June 1, 1982 – March 13, 1983), M., 1987
3.9 Catalog of events and Radioemission burst in the observational interval of AIS "venera-13,14". G.,1987
3.10. Catalogue of Solar Hard X-Ray Bursts as Detected on PROGNOZ-9 Satellite from July 1, 1983 to Feb.10, 1984, M., 1988
3.11. The catalogue of solar activity for 1979. M., 1989
3.12. Solar proton events. Catalogue. 1980-1986, (Data on paticles and electromagnetic emissions) M., 1990
3.13. Solar proton events. Catalogue. 1980-1986, (Plots of the time profiles and energetic spectra of protons, synoptic charts and schemes of sunspot groups) M., 1990
3.14. . Solar Radio Observations with RATAN – 600 Radiotelescope in the Wavelength Range of 2 –4 cm during the Period of the Solar Maximum Year
(Dec.15,1979 – Apr 3, 1980), M., 1990
3.15. Solar Radio Observations with RATAN – 600 Radiotelescope in the Wavelength Range of 2 –4 cm during the Period of the Solar Maximum Year (Apr.05 - Sept.12, 1980), M., 1990
3.16. Solar Radio Observations with RATAN – 600 Radiotelescope in the Wavelength Range of 2 –4 cm during the Period of the Solar Maximum Year (Sept.13, 1980 – Jan.28, 1981), M., 1990
OBSERVATORY GEOGRAPHIC
Lat. Long. East
Abastumani 41.75N 42.83
Alma Ata 43.10N 76.90
Anacapri (Capri) 40.55N 14.22
Arcetri 43.75N 11.26
Arosa 46.78N 9.68
Athens 37.85N 23.72
Beograd 44.80N 20.51
Berlin-Adlershof 52.43N 13.53
Big Bear 34.16N 243.49
Blein 47.44N 8.72
Blindern (Kjeller, Harestua) 60.22N 10.75
Bologna 44.50N 11.30
Bordeaux 44.84N 359.47
Boulder 39.98N 254.72
Bucharest 44.41N 26.05
Buenos Aires (San Miguel) 34.52N 301.24
Cambridge 52.17N 0.03
Canary Islands 28.00N 344.70
Cape Town (Cape of Good Hope) 33.93S 18.40
Carnarvon 25.00S 114.00
Catania 37.50N 15.08
Climax 39.37N 253.82
Cordoba 31.50S 295.50
Crimea (Simferopol) 44.40N 33.98
Culgora 30.32S 149.56
Delhi (New Delhi) 28.60N 77.10
Dunsink 53.38N 353.67
Durnten 47.28N 8.85
Dwingelo 52.81N 6.40
Edinburgh 55.92N 356.82
Freiburg/Breisac 48.00N 7.80
Georgiana 47.52N 19.04
Grahamstown 33.32S 26.50
Greenwich (Herstmonseux) 50.90N 0.33
Haleakala 20.71N 203.74
Haute Provence 43.93N 5.72
Hiraiso 36.37N 142.62
Hollandia 2.50S 140.50
Honolulu (Hawai) 21.30N 201.90
Houston 30.00N 265.00
Huancayo 12.03S 284.67
Humain 50.18N 5.25
Hurbanovo 47.87N 18.19
Hyderabad 17.43N 78.45
Ikomasan 34.68N 135.68
Irkutsk (Sayan) 52.27N 104.30
Istanbul 41.01N 31.93
Ithaca 42.45N 283.48
IZMIRAN/Moscow 55.28N 37.19
Jodrell Bank 53.23N 350.70
Kandilli 41.06N 29.06
Kanzelhohe 46.68N 13.91
Kharkov 49.43N 36.92
Kiev 50.45N 30.50
Kislovodsk 44.70N 43.50
Kodaikanal 10.20N 77.50
Krakow (Cracow) 50.05N 19.95
Lannion 48.75N 356.55
Ljubljana 46.03N 13.18
Locarno 46.17N 8.80
Lockheed 33.93N 241.62
Lomnicky Štit 49.20N 20.22
Lvov 49.82N 24.02
Lwiro 2.25S 28.60
Macau 22.20N 113.55
Manila (Quezon City) 14.65N 121.07
McMath-Hulbert 42.67N 276.70
Meudon 48.80N 2.23
Mitaka (Tokyo) 35.67N 139.55
Moscow University (GAISH) 55.47N 37.32
Mt.Wilson 34.22N 242.06
Nera (Nederhorst Den Berg) 52.27N 5.00
Norikura 36.11N 137.55
OndÜejov 49.92N 14.98
Ottawa 45.96N 281.93
Palehua 21.38N 201.93
Penticton 49.32N 240.38
Pic du Midi 42.94N 0.01
Potsdam (Tremsdorf) 52.38N 13.07
Pulkovo 59.46N 30.19
Pyongyang 39.07N 125.78
Riga 56.95N 24.07
Roma 41.90N 12.50
Rosario 32.92S 300.63
Sacramento Peak 32.78N 254.68
Saltsjobaden 59.27N 18.25
Shemakha (Pirkuli) 40.77N 48.58
Slough 51.48N 359.43
Sofia 42.65N 23.44
Sydney 33.87S 150.77
Tashkent 41.33N 69.30
Tehran 35.70N 51.40
Tel Aviv 32.10N 34.56
Thessalonika 40.95N 23.00
Tokyo 35.67N 139.55
Torun 53.10N 18.55
Toyokawa 34.83N 137.37
Trieste 45.64N 13.88
Tromso 69.70N 19.00
Uccle (Dourbes) 50.80N 4.35
Upice 50.30N 16.01
Ural 55.00N 37.00
Ussurisk 43.00N 132.00
Utrecht 52.08N 5.13
Washington 38.86N 258.01
Weissenau 47.46N 9.35
Wendelstein 47.70N 12.00
Wroclaw 51.10N 17.08
Zimenki (Gorky) 56.10N 44.30
Zurich 47.38N 8.57