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Дата изменения: Fri Jun 4 16:18:48 1999
Дата индексирования: Mon Oct 1 20:11:12 2012
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The VSM: Venusian probes

Brief chronology
(Spacecraft that couldn't leave Earth orbit are not shown)
Mission Type Start Arrival Mission End
Venera 1Flyby12 Feb 1961??? 
Venera 2Flyby12 Nov 196527 Feb 1966 
Venera 3Lander16 Nov 1965 1 Mar 1966 
Venera 4Lander12 Jun 196718 Oct 1967 
Venera 5Lander 5 Jan 196916 May 1969 
Venera 6Lander10 Jan 196917 May 1969 
Venera 7Lander17 Aug 197015 Dec 1970 
Venera 8Lander27 Mar 197222 Jul 1972 
Venera 9Lander/Orbiter 8 Jun 197522 Oct 1975 Mar 1976 (?)
Venera 10Lander/Orbiter14 Jun 197525 Oct 1975 Mar 1976 (?)
Venera 11Lander 9 Sep 197825 Dec 1978 
Venera 12Lander14 Sep 197821 Dec 1978 
Venera 13Lander30 Oct 1981 1 Mar 1982 
Venera 14Lander 4 Nov 1981 5 Mar 1982 
Venera 15Orbiter 2 Jun 198310 Oct 1983 Jun 1984
Venera 16Orbiter 7 Jun 198314 Oct 1983 Jun 1984
Vega 1Lander/Probe15 Dec 198411 Jun 1985 6 Mar 1986
Vega 2Lander/Probe21 Dec 198415 Jun 1985 9 Mar 1986
Venera-1
link to VRML
Venera-2
link to VRML
Venera-3 ... -8
link to VRML
Venera-3 ... -8
descent module
link to VRML
VEGA/Venera-9..14
lander

link to VRML
Venera-9 ... -14
link to VRML
Venera-15,-16
link to VRML
Vega-1,-2
link to VRML

Venera-4
photo
Venera-5
photo
VEGA closeup:
astro-orientation instruments
photo
Block L, botom view
Block L, top view, with Mars-1
Venera engine
Venera-13 soil analyzer
Venera-8 descent module