Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://vega.inp.nsk.su/~inest/tmp/hallometer/proposal.xmcd
Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Wed Aug 24 00:36:46 2005
Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Mon Oct 1 20:24:00 2012
Êîäèðîâêà: koi8-r
Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï



Mathcad Professional 12.0

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export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id subscript="clad">î</ml:id> <ml:real>1.19</ml:real> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="16"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="392" left="384" top="215.25" width="77.25" height="15" align-x="398.25" align-y="228" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="true"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- density (g/<f family="Arial" charset="0">cm</f> <br> <sup>3</sup>)</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="298" left="6" top="267" width="34.5" height="12.75" align-x="18.75" align-y="276" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define warning="WarnRedefinedBIUnit"> <br> <ml:id>T</ml:id> <ml:real>185</ml:real> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="17"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="299" left="96" top="263.25" width="127.5" height="15" align-x="102" align-y="276" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="true"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- H<sup>-</sup> ion kinetic energy (MeV)</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="300" left="6" top="285" width="45.75" height="16.5" align-x="23.25" align-y="294" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id subscript="0">E</ml:id> 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subscript="0">E</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="19"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="303" left="96" top="314.25" width="43.5" height="13.5" align-x="105.75" align-y="324" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:eval> <br> <ml:id>í¨</ml:id> </ml:eval> <resultFormat> <br> <general radix="dec" complex-threshold="10" precision="4" show-trailing-zeros="false" exponential-threshold="4"/> <br> <matrix display-style="auto" expand-nested-arrays="false"/> <br> <unit format-units="true" simplify-units="true"/> <br> </resultFormat> <br> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="20"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="304" left="6" top="342.75" width="56.25" height="36" align-x="18.75" align-y="360" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id>í²</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:sqrt/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:minus/> <ml:real>1</ml:real> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:real>1</ml:real> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:id>í¨</ml:id> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="21"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="305" left="96" top="350.25" width="49.5" height="13.5" align-x="107.25" align-y="360" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:eval> <br> <ml:id>í²</ml:id> </ml:eval> <resultFormat> <br> <general radix="dec" complex-threshold="10" precision="4" show-trailing-zeros="false" exponential-threshold="4"/> <br> <matrix display-style="auto" expand-nested-arrays="false"/> <br> <unit format-units="true" simplify-units="true"/> <br> </resultFormat> <br> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="22"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="306" left="6" top="381" width="80.25" height="18.75" align-x="17.25" align-y="396" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define warning="WarnRedefinedBIFunction"> <br> <ml:id>íµ</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:real>0.044</ml:real> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:real>10</ml:real> <ml:real>-3</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:id>í¨</ml:id> </ml:apply> <ml:id>í²</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="23"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="307" left="96" top="386.25" width="88.5" height="12" align-x="116.25" align-y="396" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="false"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- emittance (cm*rad)</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="308" left="210" top="381" width="75.75" height="18.75" align-x="219.75" align-y="396" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:eval> <br> <ml:id>íµ</ml:id> </ml:eval> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="24"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="309" left="6" top="405" width="47.25" height="12.75" align-x="31.5" align-y="414" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id>beta</ml:id> <ml:real>556</ml:real> </ml:define> </math> 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<rendering item-idref="26"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="312" left="96" top="422.25" width="73.5" height="12" align-x="106.5" align-y="432" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="false"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- beam size (cm)</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="313" left="210" top="422.25" width="45" height="13.5" align-x="221.25" align-y="432" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:eval> <br> <ml:id>îƒ</ml:id> </ml:eval> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="27"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="314" left="6" top="453" width="51" height="18.75" align-x="15.75" 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height="18.75" align-x="16.5" align-y="492" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id>f</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:real>402.5</ml:real> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:real>10</ml:real> <ml:real>6</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="29"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="317" left="96" top="482.25" width="69" height="12" align-x="116.25" align-y="492" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="false"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- frequency (Hz)</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="318" left="6" top="501" width="24.75" height="12.75" align-x="18" align-y="510" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id>q</ml:id> <ml:real>1</ml:real> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="30"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="319" left="96" top="500.25" width="164.25" height="12" align-x="107.25" align-y="510" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="false"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- number of macro-pulses per second </p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="320" left="102" top="542.25" width="58.5" height="27.75" align-x="138" align-y="558" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id subscript="micro">N</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:id>I</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:id>e</ml:id> <ml:id>f</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="31"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="321" left="210" top="543" width="93" height="22.5" align-x="244.5" align-y="558" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:eval> <br> <ml:id subscript="micro">N</ml:id> </ml:eval> <resultFormat> <br> <general radix="dec" complex-threshold="10" precision="3" show-trailing-zeros="false" exponential-threshold="3"/> <br> <matrix display-style="auto" expand-nested-arrays="false"/> <br> <unit format-units="true" simplify-units="true"/> <br> </resultFormat> <br> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="32"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="496" left="324" top="548.25" width="160.5" height="12" align-x="340.5" align-y="558" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="true"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- number of particles in micro-bunche</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="323" left="6" top="579" width="72" height="22.5" align-x="32.25" align-y="594" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id subscript="midi">t</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:real>645</ml:real> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:real>10</ml:real> <ml:real>-9</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="33"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="324" left="102" top="578.25" width="69" height="27.75" align-x="132.75" align-y="594" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id subscript="midi">N</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:id>I</ml:id> <ml:id>e</ml:id> </ml:apply> <ml:id subscript="midi">t</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="34"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="325" left="210" top="579" width="87.75" height="22.5" align-x="239.25" align-y="594" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:eval> <br> <ml:id subscript="midi">N</ml:id> </ml:eval> <resultFormat> <br> <general radix="dec" complex-threshold="10" precision="2" show-trailing-zeros="false" exponential-threshold="2"/> <br> <matrix display-style="auto" expand-nested-arrays="false"/> <br> <unit format-units="true" simplify-units="true"/> <br> </resultFormat> <br> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="35"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="497" left="324" top="584.25" width="146.25" height="12" align-x="340.5" align-y="594" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="true"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- number of particles in midi-pulse</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="327" left="6" top="615" width="81.75" height="22.5" align-x="39.75" align-y="630" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id subscript="macro">t</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:real>0.02</ml:real> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:real>10</ml:real> <ml:real>-3</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="36"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="328" left="102" top="614.25" width="84" height="27.75" align-x="140.25" align-y="630" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id subscript="macro">N</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:id>I</ml:id> <ml:id>e</ml:id> </ml:apply> <ml:id subscript="macro">t</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="37"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="329" left="210" top="615" width="95.25" height="22.5" align-x="246.75" align-y="630" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:eval> <br> <ml:id subscript="macro">N</ml:id> </ml:eval> <resultFormat> <br> <general radix="dec" complex-threshold="10" precision="2" show-trailing-zeros="false" exponential-threshold="2"/> <br> <matrix display-style="auto" expand-nested-arrays="false"/> <br> <unit format-units="true" simplify-units="true"/> <br> </resultFormat> <br> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="38"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="498" left="324" top="620.25" width="155.25" height="12" align-x="340.5" align-y="630" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="true"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- number of particles in macro-pulse</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="512" left="30" top="675" width="31.5" height="12.75" align-x="42" align-y="684" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id>d</ml:id> <ml:real font="0">0.1</ml:real> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="39"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="332" left="96" top="674.25" width="171" height="12" align-x="112.5" align-y="684" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="false"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- core diameter of scintillating fiber (cm)</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="500" left="288" top="675" width="46.5" height="16.5" align-x="302.25" align-y="684" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id subscript="r">c</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:real>0.03</ml:real> <ml:id>d</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="40"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="508" left="354" top="674.25" width="135" height="12" align-x="372.75" align-y="684" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="false"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- cladding thickness round fiber</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="506" left="288" top="699" width="48" height="16.5" align-x="303.75" align-y="708" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id subscript="s">c</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:real>0.04</ml:real> <ml:id>d</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="41"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="510" left="354" top="698.25" width="140.25" height="12" align-x="372.75" align-y="708" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="false"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- cladding thickness square fiber</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="501" left="6" top="723.75" width="193.5" height="44.25" align-x="41.25" align-y="756" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define warning="WarnRedefinedBIUnit"> <br> <ml:function> <br> <ml:id>N</ml:id> <ml:boundVars> <br> <ml:id>x</ml:id> <ml:id>d</ml:id> </ml:boundVars> </ml:function> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:id>q</ml:id> <ml:id subscript="macro">N</ml:id> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:minus/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:id>erf</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:plus/> <ml:id>x</ml:id> <ml:id>d</ml:id> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:sqrt/> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> <ml:id>îƒ</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:id>erf</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:id>x</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:sqrt/> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> <ml:id>îƒ</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="42"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="502" left="234" top="746.25" width="282" height="24" align-x="249.75" align-y="756" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="true"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="0" margin-right="0" text-indent="inherit" text-align="left" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">the number of incident particles per second on scintillating fiber with diameter <b>d </b> <br> <inlineAttr font-weight="normal">and </inlineAttr> <br> <inlineAttr font-weight="normal">situated at distance </inlineAttr> <br> <b>x</b> <br> <inlineAttr font-weight="normal"> from beam center.</inlineAttr> <br> </p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="335" left="6" top="806.25" width="93" height="13.5" align-x="16.5" align-y="816" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id>x</ml:id> <ml:range> <br> <ml:sequence> <br> <ml:real>0</ml:real> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:parens> <br> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:plus/> <ml:real>0</ml:real> <ml:real>0.5</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:parens> <ml:id>îƒ</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:sequence> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:real>7</ml:real> <ml:id>îƒ</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:range> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="43"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="1141" left="12" top="828" width="291" height="204" align-x="12" align-y="828" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <plot disable-calc="false" item-idref="44"/> <br> <rendering item-idref="45"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="434" left="6" top="1053" width="23.25" height="12.75" align-x="16.5" align-y="1062" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id>z</ml:id> <ml:real>1</ml:real> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="46"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="438" left="54" top="1052.25" width="119.25" height="12" align-x="66.75" align-y="1062" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="true"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- charge of incident paticles</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="601" left="216" top="1035.75" width="126" height="66.75" align-x="243.75" align-y="1062" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:id subscript="max">T</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:real>2</ml:real> <ml:id subscript="e">E</ml:id> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:id>í²</ml:id> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:id>í¨</ml:id> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:plus/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:plus/> <ml:real>1</ml:real> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:real>2</ml:real> <ml:id>í¨</ml:id> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:id subscript="e">E</ml:id> <ml:id subscript="p">E</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:parens> <br> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:id subscript="e">E</ml:id> <ml:id subscript="p">E</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:parens> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="47"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="602" left="360" top="1052.25" width="170.25" height="24" align-x="377.25" align-y="1062" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="true"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">the maximum kinetic energy which can be imparted to free electron (MeV)</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="432" left="6" top="1071" width="82.5" height="22.5" align-x="19.5" align-y="1086" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define warning="WarnRedefinedBIUnit"> <br> <ml:id>K</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:real>4</ml:real> <ml:id>î€</ml:id> </ml:apply> <ml:id subscript="A">N</ml:id> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:id subscript="e">r</ml:id> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:id subscript="e">E</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="48"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="603" left="216" top="1107" width="60" height="16.5" align-x="242.25" align-y="1116" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:eval> <br> <ml:id subscript="max">T</ml:id> </ml:eval> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="49"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="449" left="6" top="1148.25" width="523.5" height="24" align-x="13.5" align-y="1158" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="true"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">The mean rate of energy loss (stopping power) is given by the Bethe-Bloch equation at <b>E < Emip</b> (the energy of minimum ionizing paticles, 4 GeV for protons in Carbon) when the density-effect can be neglected:</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="453" left="12" top="1185.75" width="249" height="45" align-x="71.25" align-y="1212" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:function> <br> <ml:id>dEdx</ml:id> <ml:boundVars> <br> <ml:id>Z</ml:id> <ml:id>A</ml:id> <ml:id>I</ml:id> </ml:boundVars> </ml:function> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:id>K</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:id>z</ml:id> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:id>Z</ml:id> <ml:id>A</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:real>1</ml:real> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:id>í²</ml:id> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:parens> <br> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:minus/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="auto-select"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:real font="0">1</ml:real> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:id>ln</ml:id> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:real>2</ml:real> <ml:id subscript="e">E</ml:id> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:id>í²</ml:id> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:id>í¨</ml:id> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:id subscript="max">T</ml:id> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:id>I</ml:id> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:real>10</ml:real> <ml:real>-12</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:pow/> <ml:id>í²</ml:id> <ml:real>2</ml:real> </ml:apply> </ml:apply> </ml:parens> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="50"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="464" left="300" top="1199.25" width="65.25" height="15" align-x="309" align-y="1212" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="false"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">[ MeV*cm<sup>2</sup>/g ] </p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="454" left="12" top="1251" width="143.25" height="16.5" align-x="121.5" align-y="1260" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:eval> <br> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:id>dEdx</ml:id> <ml:sequence> <br> <ml:id subscript="core">Z</ml:id> <ml:id subscript="core">A</ml:id> <ml:id subscript="core">I</ml:id> </ml:sequence> </ml:apply> </ml:eval> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="51"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="466" left="222" top="1251" width="143.25" height="16.5" align-x="331.5" align-y="1260" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:eval> <br> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:id>dEdx</ml:id> <ml:sequence> <br> <ml:id subscript="clad">Z</ml:id> <ml:id subscript="clad">A</ml:id> <ml:id subscript="clad">I</ml:id> </ml:sequence> </ml:apply> </ml:eval> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="52"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="471" left="12" top="1297.5" width="69" height="28.5" align-x="47.25" align-y="1314" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:function> <br> <ml:id subscript="r">t</ml:id> <ml:boundVars> <br> <ml:id>x</ml:id> <ml:id>î</ml:id> </ml:boundVars> </ml:function> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:div/> <ml:id>î€</ml:id> <ml:real>4</ml:real> </ml:apply> <ml:id>x</ml:id> </ml:apply> <ml:id>î</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="53"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="843" left="90" top="1304.25" width="233.25" height="12" align-x="99.75" align-y="1314" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="true"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- mean thickness of a round scintillating fiber (g/cm^2)</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="848" left="384" top="1304.25" width="86.25" height="17.25" align-x="436.5" align-y="1314" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:eval> <br> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:id subscript="r">t</ml:id> <ml:sequence> <br> <ml:id>d</ml:id> <ml:id subscript="core">î</ml:id> </ml:sequence> </ml:apply> </ml:eval> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="54"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="477" left="12" top="1334.25" width="58.5" height="17.25" align-x="48.75" align-y="1344" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:function> <br> <ml:id subscript="s">t</ml:id> <ml:boundVars> <br> <ml:id>x</ml:id> <ml:id>î</ml:id> </ml:boundVars> </ml:function> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:mult style="default"/> <ml:id>x</ml:id> <ml:id>î</ml:id> </ml:apply> </ml:define> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="55"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="844" left="90" top="1334.25" width="238.5" height="12" align-x="99.75" align-y="1344" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="true"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">- mean thickness of a square scintillating fiber (g/cm^2)</p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="849" left="384" top="1334.25" width="87.75" height="17.25" align-x="438" align-y="1344" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:eval> <br> <ml:apply> <br> <ml:id subscript="s">t</ml:id> <ml:sequence> <br> <ml:id>d</ml:id> <ml:id subscript="core">î</ml:id> </ml:sequence> </ml:apply> </ml:eval> </math> <br> <rendering item-idref="56"/> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="481" left="12" top="1364.25" width="237.75" height="12" align-x="16.5" align-y="1374" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <text use-page-width="false" push-down="false" lock-width="false"> <br> <p style="Normal" margin-left="inherit" margin-right="inherit" text-indent="inherit" text-align="inherit" list-style-type="inherit" tabs="inherit">If the energy loss <f family="Symbol" charset="2" size="10"> <br> <b> <br> <inlineAttr font-style="normal" underline="false" line-through="false">D</inlineAttr> <br> </b> <br> </f> <br> <f family="Arial" charset="0" size="10"> <br> <b> <br> <inlineAttr font-style="normal" underline="false" line-through="false">E << T</inlineAttr> <br> </b> <br> </f> <br> <f family="Arial" charset="0" size="10"> <br> <inlineAttr font-weight="normal" font-style="normal" underline="false" line-through="false"> (the ion kinetic energy) then</inlineAttr> <br> </f> <br> </p> <br> </text> <br> </region> <br> <region region-id="469" left="12" top="1388.25" width="163.5" height="17.25" align-x="83.25" align-y="1398" show-border="false" show-highlight="false" is-protected="true" background-color="inherit" tag=""> <br> <math optimize="false" export="false" disable-calc="false"> <br> <ml:define> <br> <ml:function>