Introduction
- Subject of Astronomy. Parts of Astronomy. General Picture of Universe Construction.
Origin and Development of Astronomy. Astronomy and World View.
Basis of Spherical and Practical Astronomy
- Starry Sky. Constellations. Celestial Sphere. Main Points, Lines, Circles of
Celestial Sphere, Its Rotation. Spherical Frames of Reference: Horisontal and
Equatorial Coordinates, Ecliptical System. Navigational Triangle. Transformation
of Celestial Coordinates. Celestial Map. Catalogues. Change of Object Coordinates
as a Result of Diurnal Rotation of Celestial Sphere. Phenomenons, Which Lead
to Celestial Coordinates Change. Refraction. Parallax. Diurnal and Annual
Parallaxes. Aberration. Precession. Motion of Equator, Ecliptic, and Their
Poles. Peculiar Motion. Nutation.
Chronometry
- Apparent Motion of the Sun. Ecliptic. Change of Equatorial Coordinates of the Sun.
Diurnal Solar Motion on Different Latitudes. Seasons, Climatic Zones of the Earth.
Sidereal Day, Sidereal Time. Real Solar Day. Real Solar Time. Conception of Mean
Sun. Mean Day. Mean Solar Time. Time Equation. Tropical Year. Connections between Stellar
and Mean Time. Time Counting System: Local, Zone, Universal, Ephemeris, Atomic
Time. Basis of Calendar Construction. Calendar Types.
Kinematics of Solar System Bodies
- Apparent Motions and Configuration of Planets. Geocentric and Heliocentric
Models of the Universe. Synodical Motion Equation. Kepler Laws. Elements of Planets
Orbits, Planets Distances Determination. Scales of Solar System. Apparent Motion,
Configurations and Phases of Moon. Moon Orbit. Moon Rotation, Librations.
Covering of Objects by the Moon. Solar and Moon Eclipces.
Elements of Celestial Mechanics and Dynamics of Space Flight.
- Statement of Two Bodies Problem. Differential Equations, Problems. Motion Integrals:
Integrals of Squares, Laplace and Energy. Non-Perturbed Orbit Equation. Orbital Coordinates.
Velocity of Orbital Motion. Types of Non-Perturbed Orbits. Keplerian Elements of Orbits.
Ecliptical Motion, Kepler Equation. Hyperbolical, Parabolic, Circuar Motion.
Straight-Line Motion. Lagrange-Series Expansion of Ellipsical Motion Elements.
- Problem of Several Bodies. Differential Problems, Equations. Force Function and Its
Features. 10 Classic Integrals of Perturbed Motion. Lagrange Equation of Osculating
Elements. Newton Equation. Integration Methods of Differential Equations of Perturbed
Motion.
- Basic Equations of Variable-Mass Bodies Dynamics. Reactive Force. Rocket Motion on
Boost Path. Equation of Satellite Orbit, Motion Velocity, Sidereal Period. Perturbation
in Elements of Orbit. Influence of Planet Oblateness on Satellite Motion, Effect of
Atmosphere. Prediction of Artificial Satellite Orbit, Length of Flight between Two
Points of Orbit. Flying Path to Other Planets.
Basis of Astrophysics
- Electromagnetic Radiation. Laws of Emission and Absorption of Light. Basis of
Astrophotometry. Colorimetry. Photometric Systems. Absolute Magnitude.
Stellar Luminosity. Elements of Atomic Spectrums Theory. Doppler, Zeeman, Stark Effects.
Gas Laws. Sources of Stellar Energy. Mechanismes of Energy Transfer to Stellar Surface.
Basis of Spectrum Analysis. Non-Thermal Mechanismes of Emission.
- Systems of Optical Telescopes. Solar Telescopes. Radiotelescopes and Radiointerferometers.
IR, UV and X-Telescopes. Radiation Detectors. Energy Detection on Extra-Optical Ranges.
Physical Nature of Solar System Bodies
- Sun. Main Parameters. Solar Constant. Spectrum. Chemical Structure. Internal
Structure. Solar Atmosphere. Solar Wind. Solar Activity, Its Cyclic Recurrence.
Solar-Terrestrial Bonds. Phenomenons in Magnetosphere and Biosphere.
- Planets and Their Satellites. Characteristics of Earth Group Planets. Giant Planets.
Planets Rings. Volcanism of Planet Bodies. Exploration of Planets by Space апаратами.
Small Planets. Comets. Meteors and Meteoric Streams. Meteorites. Zodiac Light.
Physics of Stars and Nebulae
- Stars Distances. Luminosity, Radiuses and Temperatures of Stars. Stellar Spectrums.
Spectral Classification. Physical Conditions in Bovels of Stars. Stars Models.
Degenerated Stars. Black Holes.
- Binary Stars: Visual-Binary, Eclipse-Binary, Spectral-Binary. Determination of Binary Stars
Components' Mass. Invisible Stars' Satellites. SETI Problem.
- Pulsating Variable Stars: Cepheid. Lyrids, Virginids. Long-Periodical, Irregular
and Semiregular Variable Stars. Theory of Variable Stars' Pulsation.
- Eruptive Variable Stars. Novae and Nova-likes. Supernovae. Pulsars. X-Variable Stars.
- Diffusion Matter in Galaxy. Interstellar Light Absorption. Nebulae. Emissive Nebulae.
Н??-Zones. Magnetic Filds in Interstellar Medium. Space Rays.
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