- Introduction. Subject and Objects of the Course. Development of Ideas of Structure and Evolution of
Stars. Integral Features of Stars, Which Determine Their Structure, Direction and Rate of Evolutuion.
Duration of Stellar Existence. Estimation of Stellar Age. Physical Features of Stellar Adolescence.
Differences in Chemical Composition.
- Star as Equilibrium Conformation. Mechanical and Thermal Equilibrium of Stationary Star. Connection
between Potential and Thermal Energy of Star. Statement of Problem of Stellar Equilibrium and Stableness
in General Look. Normal Stars. State Equation. Diagram 'Density-Mass' of Normal Stars, Their Interpretation.
Radiation Pressure, Dependence on Star's Mass. Stableness of Equilibrium Conformation. Stability Criterion.
Approximation of 'Cold' Matter. Star Stableness Equation in General Theory of Relativity.
- Analytical Theory of Politropic Gas Balls. Polytrope Law. Inner Structure of Politropic Ball, Density,
Temperature, Pressure in the Center of Conformation. Energy of Polytropic Ball.
- Standard Model of Star. Main Equations. Theoretical Ratio 'Mass-Luminosity'; Comparasion with
Observation Results.
- Physical Conditions and Processes in Bowels of Normal Stars. Mechanismes of Transfer of Energy.
Radiant Equilibrium. Convective Equilibrium. Mechanismes of Continuous Radiation Absorption. Opacity.
Opacity Calculation. Sources of Stellar Energy. Gravitational Pressing. Kelvin Period. Nuclear Fusion
as a Stellar Energy Sources and Changes of Their Chemical Composition. Crossing of Reactions. Reaction of
Helium Synthesis. Helium Burning. Reactions in Temperature Range Ts = 0.6 - 1.0. Nuclear Dissociation.
Synthesis of Iron Group Elements. Molecular Weight of Stellar Substance, Its Change during Evolution.
- Complete System of Star's Inner Structure Equations. Boundary Conditions. Fogt-Rassel Theorem, Its
Consequences. Problem of Unique Solution of the System. Mass as an Independent Argument. Selection and
Calculating Methods of Star Models. Structure of a Main Sequence Star. Features of Massive Stars Evolution
on the Main Sequence. Internal Structure of the Sun. Zero Age Model. Modern Models. Problem of Solar
Neutrinos. Subdwarfs. Red Giants. Wolf-Rayet Stars.
- White Dwarfs, Their Features. Condition of Degeneration. Equation of Cold Degenerate Ideal Fermi-Gas.
Theory of Internal Structure of White Dwarfs. Chandrasekhar Equation. Dependence Mass-Radius, Comparasion
with Obsevation Results. Conformation Energy. Influence of Effects of General Theory of Relativity and
Neutronisation on White Dwarfs Stableness. Boundary Mass. Bowels Temperature and Thermal Energy of White
Dwarfs. Cooling of White Dwarfs. Magnetic White Dwarfs. Rotating White Dwarfs.
- Neutron Stars. Equation of Neutron Star Structure. Stableness of Neutron Stars. Problem of Boundary
Mass. Structure of Neutron Stars. Pulsars, their Observed Features. Pulsar Magnetic Fields; Methods of
Determination. The Nature of Secular Deceleration. Starquakes. Physics of Neutron Stars. Cooling of Neutron
Stars. Binary Pulsars and New Possibilities in Study of Gravitation.
- Origin and Evolution of Stars. Modern Conception of Stars Origin. Criterion of Gravitation Instability.
Evolution till Stage of the Main Sequence. Tracks of Radiant Equlibrium. Hayashi Tracks. Evolution within
the Main Sequence. Transition to Red Giants Sequence of Stars of Small Mass. Evolution from the Main
Sequence of Massive Stars. Red Giants Sequence. White-Blue Sequence. Pulsating Insability. Herzsprung-Rassel
Diagram of Scattered Clusters and Their Age Determination. Interpretation of Herzsprung-Rassel Diagram
of Nebulae. Mass Lost by Stars during Their Evolution.
- The Last Stages of Stars' Evolution. Evolution of Small Mass Stars till White Dwarfs Sequence. The Last
Stages of Massive Stars' Evolution. Supernovae. The Nature of the Second Type Supernova Burst. Theoretical
Consequence and Observation Results. Black Holes. Features of Accretion on Compact Objects. Quasars.
Features of Stars' Evolution in Binary System. Compact Formations in Binary Systems. Novae, Features of the
Burst, Its Nature. X-Sources in Binary Systems. System Cyg XI.
- Origin of Chemical Elements. Prevalence of Chemical Elements. Primary Nuclearsynthesis. Problem
of Initial Helium. Origin of Light Elements. Shearing Reactions. Formation of Chemical Elements in Bowels
of Stars; r-, s-, p-, e- Processes. Nuclearsynthesis and Supernovae' Bursts. Nuclear Cosmochronology.
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