Introduction
- Subject and Problems of the Course. Brief History. Visible Distribution of Galaxies. Methods of
Galaxy Distances Determination. Principles of Extragalactic Distances Scale Construction. Radial
Velocities of Galaxies. Hubble Red Shift Law. Hubble Constant. Features of Its Determination.
Cosmological Time.
Classification of Galaxies
- Variety in the World of Galaxies. Habble Morphological Classification. Features of Elliptical,
Lens-Shaped, Spiral and Irregular Galaxies. Galaxies with Bar. Dwarf Elliptical and Spiral Galaxies.
Three-Dimensional Classification. Features of Galaxies' Spectrums. Morgan Spiral Classification.
N- and D-Galaxies. Luminosity of Galaxies. Luminosity Function. Luminosity Classes. Classification of
Van den Berg. Distribution of Galaxies by Morphological Types.
- Galaxies with UV Excess. Features of s- and d- Galaxies by Markaryan. Blue Galaxies Ðrþ.
Blue Compact Dwarf and Other Types of Galaxies. Extragalactical Regions àÂÂ. IR Galaxies. Galaxies
with Low Surface Brightness.
Physical Characteristics of Galaxies
- Distribution of Surface Brightness of Surface and Spiral Galaxies. Forms of Isophots. Color
Characteristics of Galaxies. Visible and Real Diameters. Bond with Morphological Type. Light Arches
on Galaxies' Rim. Spiral Structure. Indicators of Spirals. Shape and Characteristics of Spirals. Modern
Ideas of the Nuture of Spiral Structure. Circular Structures in Galaxies. Rotation of Galaxies.
Construction Rotation Curves. Their Features on Large Center Distances. Methods of Galaxies' Mass
Determination. Masses of Elliptical, Spiral and Irregular Galaxies. 'Mass-Luminosity' Ratio, Dependence
on Morphological Type. Hidden Mass of Spiral Galaxies. X-Crowns of Galaxies. Hidden Mass of Elliptical
Galaxies. Compactness. Empirical Dependences between Characteristics of Galaxies.
- Diffuse Matter in Galaxies. Dust Component. Features of Dark Matter Distribution in E and SO Galaxies.
Distribution of Dust Matter in Spiral Galaxies. Ionized Gas in Galaxies. HÂÂ Zones. Giant HÂÂ Zones.
Supershells. Connection with Star Formation Regions. Neutral Hydrogen in Galaxies.
Distribution of Galaxies
- Mean Concentration. The Whole Number of Galaxies and Their Density by the Results of Observation on
the 'Hubble' Space Telescope. Tendency toward Gathering. Binary and Multiply Galaxies. Their Features.
Interaction of Galaxies. Types of Interactions. Intergalactical Arches. Systems of Galaxies.
Groups of Galaxies. Local Group. Mean Characteristics of Galaxies System. Regular and
Irregular Clusters, Rich and Poor Clusters, Clouds of Galaxies. Modern Methods of Statistical Analysis
of Galaxies Catalogues. Galaxy Superaccumulations. Large-Scale Structure of the Universe.
Mean Density of Visible Matter in the Universe.
Non-Stationary Processes in Galaxies and Their Systems
- Nuclear Regions of Galaxies. Observation and Characteristics of Nucleas. Types of
Galaxies' Nucleas Activity. Radiogalaxies. Main Characteristics of Radiogalaxies: Optical
Analogues, Distances, Dimension, Multiplicity, Radiospectrum, Nature of Radiation,
Radio Halo. Problem of Energy. Quasars, History of Discovery. Physical Features,
Integral Characteristics, Chemical Structure. Optical and Radio Variability. Quasars
and Galaxies. Quasar Galaxies. Lacertidas. Relativistic Streams (Jets). Calculating
and Spatial Distribution of Radiogalaxies and Quasars. X-Radiation in Clusters of
Galaxies. Galactical Hyper-Wind. Intergalactical Medium.
Dinamical State of Galaxies Systems
- Virial Masses and Virial Paradox. Hidden Mass in Systems of Galaxies. Astronomical
and Physical Aspects of the Hidden Mass.
Some Questions of Cosmology
- MV Background, Its Features. Evolution of Hot Universe. Cosmological Principle,
Its Examination by Observation Results. Cosmological Models. Cosmological Aspect of
the Hidden Mass. Parameter of Deceleration. K-amendment. Observation Basis of Cosmology.
Test: Red Shift - Visible Magnitude. 'Red Shift - Angular Value' Ratio. Hubble Test.
Initial Nucleosynthesis and Observation Results. Conception of Galaxies Origin.
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