Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://solarwind.cosmos.ru/pdf/rep2010.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Wed Feb 9 15:14:21 2011 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Mon Oct 1 19:59:49 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï

«» - __________ .. « » 2011 .

2010.

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( )

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« » (-15) 9 , 2- ( ), (), () ( / ). (. 1) , ( ) . (. 2), , . " " : , , . , , . 6 , 40 (. 3 http://solarwind.cosmos.ru/), . 1. , .. , .. 2. , .. 3. , .. 4. , .. 5. , .. 6. , .. 2010 . 216 , ­ 58, ­ 63, ­ 53, ­ 40 , 100 . .


2010 (2006-2008) , , , . . .

1.
1.1.

2


1.1.1. (, ). () () (). . () STEREOA, STEREO-B, ACE SOHO 2007 . 2008 . , , . , . , 5° 2007 STEREO-A STEREO-B, 20 / . , . STEREO-B .
.. , ... 23- , . 48, 1, .33-42, 2010

1.1.2. ­ () (Parker E.N. ApJSS, 1963, 77, 177), . , , , . « » , , ­ . (~100 ) , .
.., .., ­ // « - 2010», 3­9 2010 ., , . 445-448.

1.1.3. () KPVT 19752002 . SOHO/MDI 1996-2009 . . , 50-60o . , , ,
3


. , . , ( ) ­ . (.1).

.1. ( ) (). Tlatov, A. G.; Vasil'eva, V V.; Pevtsov, A A., Distribution of Magnetic Bipoles on the Sun over Three Solar Cycles, The Astrophysical Journal, 717, pp. 357-362, 2010.

1.1.4. () 130 K- 3 . , 11- . 20- . 19 21- . , . 1. . .

. 1. "" 1878-2008 . . 4


Tlatov, A. G. The Non-radial Propagation of Coronal Streamers within a Solar Cycle, The Astrophysical Journal, 714, pp. 805-809, 2010 Tlatov A. G., The centenary variations in the solar corona shape in accordance with the observations during the minimal activity epoch, Astronomy and Astrophysics; V.522, A27, 2010. Tlatov, A. G.; Vasil'eva, V. V. The non-radial propagation of coronal streamers in minimum activity epoch, Solar and Stellar Variability: Impact on Earth and Planets, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, IAU Symposium, V. 264, p. 292-294, 2010

1.1.5. - () - (1956) , , , . . -, , . () .1 2, 3 . , « » , , , - B , Oz .

.1. , ( A = const ) Bz Br -. (fff), b = d = f = 0 ,

. 2. q0 ,1 R1 = 6.988 (24), = C2 C1 : 1 =-2 ( a), 2 = - 7 (b), 3 = - 500 (c ) . 5


.3. q0 ,3 R3 = 10.4171 1 = 7 ( a), 2 = 70 (b), 3 = 300 (c)

, - . 1.1.6. - () : 1. : , ; 2. , , [5], () , ; 3. , , , .

. 1. - , ­ .

2. , , . 2- (, ) () : ( r , z )( 0 ( z )) -1 . 6


z, . (1 ) (25 ). ­ 50 000 . (>3 ) ( .1), . . , 2 , 20 (1 ) . , , . , 1.5 , . , .
1.1.5. 1.1.6. 1. Efremov V.I., Parfinenko L.D. Solov'ev A.A. Solar Phys. 267. 273-293 (2010) 2. .. . , . 87, 1. . 93-102. (2010) 3. A.A. Solov'ev and E.A. Kirichek. Twisted magnetic tubes (ropes) and coronal mass ejections. International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Proceedings of 2-nd Symposium "Solar Wind-Space Environment Interaction". December 4-8, 2009, Cairo, Egypt - L. Dame and A. Hady (eds). Cairo University Press, pp. 27-32 (2010). 4. .. . 39- « » 1-5 2010 . - , ,.149-150. (2010). 4. .., .. . // . 4. . ­ -., . .. .. 95-100. (2010) 5. .., .. . // . 4. . ­., . .. .. .100-105. (2010) 7. .. () e . 13- . , 3-8 , 399-404. (2010) 8. .., .. , 13- . , 3-8 , , 405-408. (2010) 9. .., .. , 13- . , 3-8 , 409. ( 2010), 10. .., .., .. . 13 . , 3-8 , .249-252 (2010)

1.1.7. () .. , D >> 1 , G >> 1 (. 1). . «» D «» G . - «» G , , . ,

7


: 0 < G << 1 , | 1 / G |<< 1 G - 1 .

. 1: . «» () «» (). ,

1). 0 < G << 1 , , , . , -. 1 / G << 1 . G 1 . 2). | 1 / G |<< 1 , , . , . 3). G - 1 , , . . G M , .
.. , // «XII - », . , 19- 23 2010 ( ). .. // Proc. of the 9th International Workshop on Magneto-Plasma Aerodynamics, April 13-15, 2010, Joint Institute of High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia. .., .. , . // Proc. of the 8th International Workshop on Magneto-Plasma Aerodynamics, March 31--April 2, 2009, Joint Institute of High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia, pp. 100-103. Gubchenko V.M. Planetary magnetospheres formed by fl ows of hot collisionless dense plasma and kinetic plasma parameters governing topology reconfiguration // EPSC Abstracts. 2010. V. 5, EPSC2010-656 (European Planetary Science Congress 2010, Roma, Italy, 19-25 September 2010). 8


1.1.8. () 3.495-4.220, -, 19 ( 2002-2003 .), , - .

.1. , - J.Sylwester, B.Syl wester, J. H.Phillips, V.D.Kuznetsov. Highly Ionized Potassium Lines in Solar X-ray Spectra and the Abundance of Potassium. Astrophys. J.,710, 804-809, 2010. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/710/1/804 K.J.H.Phillips, J.Sylwester, B.Syl wester, V.D.Kuznetsov. The solar X-ray continuum measured by RESIK. Astrophys. J., 711, Issue 1, pp. 179-184, 2010. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/711/1/179 J.Sylwester, B.Syl wester, K.H.Phillips, V.D.Kuznetsov. A Solar spectroscopic absolute abundance of argon from RESIK. Astrophys.J., 720, 1721-1726, 2010.

1.1.9. () , , .. , , , , , . , , Hinode, . , 2·10-3 ( 0.5 1.2"), 4, 120.

9


.1. 3.5 . -10 10 . 2 .

1.1.10. () . , . . , , . .

.1. 10 2001 , . .

.2. . , . 10


1.1.11. SOHO/MDI () SOHO/MDI . 23- . , () . , , . (|B|>50 |B|>100 ) (|B|50G |B|100G) . , 30. |B|25 , . , - , . 1.1.12. () 1876-2009 ­ . : ) "" ( ). , . ) . " ", .. ; ) "" , " " . - . ­ , . , ( ), 0.68. , , . - , ( ), ( ). 1.1.13. () , q=AU/AP, AU AP ­ . , 30 XX . , . , , 200 ... AU/AP = a0+a1Ap. 0 1 , 300 ... a0 a1
11


y = 0,171 ­ 207,3 x. 300 ... 0 1 . , q S 1 (0const). Sp 0 0,18, 0 = (0,18±0,05)+a1(S)(S­200). , . RU/RP=0.42, q=AU/AP=0.18. 1.1.14. () , 700-800 /, , , , F10.7(t). , , . 1.1.15. () . . ( 2 ) . ( ) 23- 1.1.16. () YOHKOH

YOHKOH . (). , , . . , .
1.1.9-1.1.16 .., .., - . « - ­ 2010», -, , , 3-9 2010, .367-371 V.N.Obridko, B.D.Shelting. Relationship between the Parameters of Coronal Holes and High-Speed Solar Wind Streams over an Activity Cycle (Solar Phys, in press) Badalyan O.G. "Two Types of Differential Rotation of the Solar Corona" New Astronomy, 2010, v. 15, pp. 135-143 .. , .. . . . 2010. .50, 2, .159-166. K.I. Nikolskaya. Regions on the Sun responsible for the high speed streams of the steady solar wind. In Proceedings of 8th International Conference :Problems of Geocosmos", St.Petersburg StateUniversity, Petrodvorets, 20-24 Sept. 2010. p.193-198, 2010. Hongqi Zhang, T. Sakurai, A. Pevtsov, Yu Gao, Haiqing Xu, D. D. Sokoloff, K. Kuzanyan "New dynamo pattern revealed by solar helical magnetic fields", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ y: Letters, Volume 402, Issue 1, pp. L30-L33 (2010)

12


Hongqi Zhang, Shangbin Yang, Yu Gao, Jiangtao Su, D.D. Sokoloff, K. Kuzanyan "Large Scale Soft X-ray Loops And Their Magnetic Chirality In Both Hemispheres", The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 719, Issue 2, pp. 19551963 (2010)

1.1.17. - () /- 0.8-10 å SphinX, . 3- pin-, 20 2 0.08 2, 7 . SphinX [1]. , , 2009 : 5â10-10 /2 . , 24 4-, . , 1.3â1018 . , ROSAT, 23 . 100 , , «» . SphinX, , , , . MgXII ( 5 ) 132 , FeXX FeXXIII 12 . (. 2). MgXII , SphinX [2].

. 1. MgXII () FeXX-XXII (), 26 2009 .

13


. . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . . -. . , 2010, 74, 1, . 39­43 J. Syl wester, M. Kowalinski, Sz. Gburek, M. Siarkowski, S. Kuzin et al. The Sun's X-ray emission during the recent solar minimum / // Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. 2010. V. 91, 8. P. 73-74.

1.1.18. () -600 - , , , (2-16 ), . - , -600 2­16 . ( V ) (6­12 ) ­ . . . , . . . . , . , (360­450 ) (0.26­0.63). , . -600, . , , , .
.., .., .. " ." , 2010. .87, 11, .1-9.

1.1.19. -600 () ,
14


-600. . , SOHO ( MDI). , . 2 ­ 5 . , . 600. , , .
. . " ", . . ., , . . , -2010 < - - 2010>, - . ., . . " -600"

1.1.20. - () NOAA 10956 . NOAA 10956 A, B, C, D (NLS). , , . -600 16 22 2007 . . NOAA 10956 , . . , , , NLS 1-2 .
. ., . ., . " ", < - 2010>, - . Bogod V.M., Stupishin A.G., and Yasnov L.V. ON Measuring the Height of the Magnetic Field Structure in Active Regi ons and Comparison with Model Reconstructions. Presented to Solar Physics, 2010.

15


..(1), ..(2), ..(2) -600 -2010

1.1.21. - -600 () -600 . 0.75 18.2 1%, -600 . (.1 2). http://www.spbf.sao.ru/prognoz/ 4 .

.1 0.75 -18.2 .

16


.2 - . - . .. -600. 2010, : .., .., ..: - - -600. 2010, ( ) .., .. - -600. - . 2010, . 16. 45­48 .., - -600 "- " 2010 ., 28-30 .., .., .., .., .. -600, -2010

1.2.
1.2.1. () , , GOES >X1 1997-2006 . - <10 () >10 (). , . , . , , (0 ), , , 10 , 100 25 , 35 .
17


.., : , , , , 2011. .., 245 , , , , 2010.

1.2.2. RHESSI () RHESSI 75 . . RHESSI , . . , , ( ) . .
.., , . 87, 7, . 717-736, 2010. ,

1.2.3. (). , , 10-8 /2 . . RHESSI . . . - . , . , .
.., - ", , 2010.

1.2.4. / . () / - , . - -, ,
18


. . ( 1) s = 0, ( 2) - s = 2.4â109. () , 10 . 1 . , . . 1a . , (100 ).

a)

b) 17 GHz

.1 2 1 ­ , . (. 1b). , . - .

19


17 GHz

. 2

. 3 , -, 1 2 : 1 - 90o, ; 2 - 90o, , , - 50o 130o, , - . .2 , : ­ 1, ­ 2. , . , - (. .2). , : 2 . ­ - . .3 , 17 . .2, 1 ( ) 2 ( ). 2

20


­ - 1.2.5. ( , ,
. () )

, 22 2005 ­ RHESSI. SOHO/MDI, H_alpha SMART Hida EUV- SOHO/EIT TRACE. , , ( ) , 6 (. ., ). , : 1) ~16 / , ~21 / (. ., ); 2) (NL) , , ; 3) , , , ( ) . , ) , , (. ., ); ) . . ( ) - , . ( ) . , .

21


1.2.4-1.2.5 1. Reznikova V.E., Melnikov V.F., Ji H., Shibasaki K. Dynamics of the flaring loop syst em of 2005 August 22 observed in microwaves and hard x-rays. ­ Astrophysical J. 2010, V.724, PP.171-181. 2. Melnikov V.F., Pyatakov N.P., Shibasaki K. Constraints for electron acceleration models in solar flares from microwa ve observations with high spatial resolution. ­ In: Astronomical Societ y of the Pacific. Conference Series, 2010 (accepted) 3. Reznikova V.E., Melnikov V.F., Shibasaki K. Microwave diagnostics of the position of an acceleration site and pitch-angle anisotropy of energetic electrons in the flare 24 Aug 2002. ­ In: Astronomical Societ y of the Pacific. Conference Series, 2010 (accepted) 4. Melnikov V.F. Constraints for electron acceleration models in solar flares from microwave observations with high spatial resolution (invited review). ­ In: Book of Abstracts. 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembl y 2010 (18-25 July 2010, Bremen, Germany). 5. Reznikova V.E., Melnikov V.F., Ji H., Shibasaki K. Topology dynamics of the flaring loop 2005 august 22 observed in microwa ves and hard x-rays. ­ In: Book of Abstracts. 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembl y 2010 (1825 July 2010, Bremen, Germany). 6. .., .. . « » (8-12 2010 ., ), , .11

1.2.6. () () () . , (NoRH) (5'' 10'' 34 17 , ) (100 ) , , . . 12 , 2002 2005 . .

22


.1. . 28 2002, 23:00:20 ­ 23:02:32 UT, NoRH 17 . (a) f (t), = 10 c Ff (t) , NoRH 17 .

.2. . 31 2002, 00:06:40 ­ 00:08:20 UT 17 GHz. (a) f (t), = 10 c Ff (t) , NoRH 17 . 95% . f (t).

.3. . 03 2002, 02:09:12 ­ 02:17:12 UT 17 . (a) 23


.4. X- . 21 2004, 23:47:10 ­ 23:50:30 UT. (a) f (t), = 30 c Ff (t) , NoRH 17 . f (t ) 1. 2. 3. Kupriyanova et al. «Types of microwave quasi-periodic pulsations in single flaring loops» // 2010, Solar Physics, submitted. (DOI: 10.1007/s11207-010-9642-0) .., .., « () ». « - 2010», .217-220.. .., .. « () ». « - 2010», . 49.

1.2.7. () 1. , , . , (RHESSI), , (195 , EIT/SOHO) (-600 ). ( 3), ( ) . . , ( - ) . , . 2. 10898 -600, 6 2006 ( 2.4 ). , HXR (RHESSI) -600.
24


13 2006 ( 3.4) 25 2000 ( 3.5) , , . 3. 1995-1997, 5.1*10-9 /2. , =1*106 K, 2-3 . 4. (GOES 1-8å) 1.76, 3.2, 8, 15 30 , (NORP) 22 23 1995-1997. 30,15, 8 3.2 1.76 . , , , , . 5. () 1-10 , , 1.76 . , , 3 5 . ( 10661 16-18 2004). . 6. (40-170 ) (NoRH) (). , (40-60, 80-120, 160-170 ) . "" .
2010: 1. .. , .. , .. , .. « », « », 8-12 2010, , .20. 2) .., .., .. « », « », 8-12 2010, , .11 3) .., .., .., .. « 10898 6 2006». « », , 12-19 , 2010, .56. 4) I.Yu. Grigoryeva, L.K. Kashapova, M.A. Livshits and V.N. Borovik «Microwa ve radio observations of the AR 10898 before the CME/flare event on 6 July 2006», Scientific Program and Abstracts , CESRA2010, June 15-19, 2010, La Roche-en-Ardenne, Belgium, p.36. 5) L.K. Kashapova, I.Yu. Grigoryeva, V.N. Borovik «haracteristics of microwave and HXR emission during the post-eruptive arcade formation» Scientific Program and Abstracts , CESRA2010, June 15-19, 2010, La Roche-en-Ardenne, Belgium, p.53. 6) G.B.Gelfreikh, V.E.Abramov-Maximov, K.Shibasaki "Oscillations in sunspots with periods less than 1 minute observed in microwave range". Scientific Program and Abstracts, CESRA2010, June 15-19, 2010, La Roche-en-Ardenne, Belgium. p. 18.

25


7) V.E.Abramov-Maximov, G.B.Gelfreikh, K.Shibasaki " Pecularities of the short period oscillations of microwa ve emission of sunspot-associated sources as based on NoRH observations" . Scientific Program and Abstracts, CESRA2010, June 15-19, 2010, La Roche-en-Ardenne, Belgium, p.33. 8) L.K. Kashapova, I.Yu. Grigoryeva, M.A. Livshits and V.N. Borovik " A study of plasma parameters before the CME/flare event on July 6, 2006: microwave vs HXR observations. Abstracts of the X-th Hvar Astrophysical Colloquium "The Active Sun", 6-10 September, 2010, Hvar, Croatia , p.18. 9) .., .., .., .. « 10898 6 2006 ». " - - 2010", -, , 3-8 , 2010, .104. 10) - .., .., . . " - - 2010", 3-9 2010, , , , .6. 11) .., .., - .. SOHO Nobeyama, " - - 2010", 3-9 2010, -, , : 1. I.. Yu.Grigoryeva , L.K. Kashapova, , V.N. Borovik and M.A. Livshits . The post eruptive arcade formation in the limb event on July 31, 2004 from microwave solar observations with the RATAN-600 radio telescope. Sun and Geosphere, ISSN 1819-0839. The International Journal of Research and Applications, vol.5, No.2, 2010, pp. 2. - .., .., ., . . " - - 2010", 3-9 2010, -, , 15-18.. 3. .., .., - .. SOHO Nobeyama, " - - 2010", 3-9 2010, -, . 277-282 4. .., . ., .., .. « 10898 6 2006 ». " - - 2010", , 3-8 , 2010, -, 2010. .119-122. 5. .., .. « ». " - 2010", , 3-8 , 2010, -, 2010. .253-256 : 1. I.A. Bakunina, V.E. Abramov-Maximov, S.V. Lesovoy, A.A. Solov'ev, Yu.V. Tikhomirov, V.F. Melnikov, K. Shibasaki, Yu.A. Nagovitsyn, V.M. Nakariakov, Long Period Oscillations in the Microwave Emission from Sunspots, Solar Physics.

1.2.8. () . , , , . ( , , , ) . , . , . , . ,
26


, , . , , 5- . . , , , . , 3-6 , Yohkoh, .
.., .., // , 2010, 87, 4, . 410­416. .. // «- », 50- , , 28-30 2010 ., , 2010, .10. .. // « », , 12-19 2010 ., , 2010, .57. Zaitsev V.V., Kislyakova K.G. Coronal loop plasma heating driven by parametric resonance with p-modes // The XI Russian-Finnish Radio Astronomy Symposium, 18-22 October, 2010, Puschino, Moscow Regi on. Abstracts, 2010, p. 24.

1.2.9. - () - (. . 1). , -. 25.10.1994, , , - , . , , . - . , , , . 25.10.1994 , . , , , - . - , .

27


s=

18 19 20

21 22 23 24

25

. 2 25.10.1994 - Zlotnik E.Ya., Zaitsev V.V., Aurass H. Radio diagnostic of l oop oscillations with wavy zebra patterns // Central Europ. Astrophys. Bull. 2010 (in press). .., .., . // , 2010 ( ). Zlotnik E.Ya., Zaitsev V.V., Aurass H. Radio signature of coronal magnetic loop oscillations (zebra pattern wavelike frequency drift) // Abstracts of the X-th Hvar Astrophysical Colloquium "The Active Sun," Sept. 2010, Hvar, Croatia, p. 25.

1.2.10. () (Coronal Mass Ejections, CMEs) ­ . 23- , |Dst| > 100 . , () , CMEs, , - , , ­ . , , , SOHO/EIT 195 å SOHO/MDI. , .

28


29


1.2.11. () SOHO/LASCO. , () . , . , . , . , , , , , , . 1.2.12. ()

. , F = 0. F- , . , 2 : 9 2002 . 13:12 UT 17 2005 . 09:43 UT, . , . , , , . 1.2.13. 4 2007 . () 4 2007 . AR NOAA 10960. SOHO, Hinode, TRACE, STEREO. , . , . . . , . .

30


1.2.14. 37 III 40 - 400 () 37 III 40 - 400 . , f (t-t0)- 1,2 0,5 . 84% 1,2. , ~ 1 R0 (r-r0)- 2,4 1 , .. . ~ 2 , .. . , . , . , , . 1.2.15. () KO- 9 (SXR) (1.7­16.9) (HXR) ( > 20 ) 5 2009 . 2.7. 25 . SXR, HXR, , . (« »): HXR . , , , HXR. . 1.2.16. () -, 2009 . (Ground Level Enhancements ­ GLEs), 2010 . . () GLEs , ( ). , ~ 1 (SS) (CI). , . , , ( ). 1.2.17. - 23 2002 . () - 23 2002 . , ~10-100
31


, . ( 4-5), - . 1.2.18. () (GLE) 20 2005 .

- 2.223 (GLE) 20 2005 . - 2.223 4-7 ( -/ - -). , - 20 2005 . 3He 1, : 3He/1 1.1â10-4, 2.223 (2Â3)â10-5. 3He/1, (, ).
1.2.10.-1.2.18 .. , .. , .. . - . 31- , , , 5-9 2010 ., MOD_07.pdf ( ). http://cr2010.sinp.msu.ru/cr2010/mod/mod_07.pdf. .. , .. , .. . - . . , 2010 . Filippov B., Srivastava A.K., Deflection of coronal rays by remote CMEs: shock wave or magnetic pressure?, Solar Physics, 266, 123-134, 2010. .., .., , . ., 87, 5, 503-512, 2010. V. V. Lobzin, I. H. Cairns, P. A. Robinson, A. Warmuth, G. Mann, R. V. Gorgutsa, and V. V. Fomichev, EVIDENCE FOR GENTLY SLOPING PLASMA DENSITY PROFILES IN THE DEEP CORONA: TYPE III OBSERVATIONS, Astrophysical Journal, 724:1099­1107, 2010 December 1 .. , .. , .. , .. . 20 2005 . - 2.223 . ­ , 2010 ( ).

1.2.19. - () «-», 2009 . «-», , - 18 ­ 450 2­20 , , 20 ­150 . 2009 . , , . 172 , : 58 ; 101 ; 13 .. , .
32


GOES. , , . 26.10.2009 . , GOES ( ) . , 2­20 .





. ) GOES ) -.

15 . .
.. . - «-». , . . 75, 5, 2011, .

2.
2.1.
2.1.1. 2004. () - 2004 . , , - .

33


2.1.2. , , 4- 23- ( 2004 ­ 2005 .) () ", , 4- 23- ( 2004 ­ 2005 .)". , , "" "" (), 10656. : "" ( ) ( ) . 18.08.04, ~1031 ., ; ­ "" 10667 "", , , (" " ­ 10687) , ­ 10693, 31031 2.81031 . 10696, 2004 . 2.1.3. () , .

(R<70 Rs) 19872009 . , . (-1000 -22) Rin Rout, Rin=F(IBrI) ­ Rin IrI. , : 1) , 1987-2009., 23- , 2008. , , . 2009 . . 2) 2008 . 23- : Rin=F(IBrI) - . Rin=F(IBrI) 2009. , . , 23- . 2.1.4. () , , 1953-2008 . .
34


( Bss - ZO-- - SO) Fx, . , 1976 ., () 1953-1976 . : 1. 2003-2008 . , [Belov A.V. et al., 2006]. 2. , R=3.25Ro, 23 . 3. Bss, ZO Hpol 23- , . . Bss, ZO Hpol ( ) .

.1 - 3.25 Ro 2.5 Ro.

.2 - ( % 1976) BSS ( ) .

2.1.5. - () 1957-2007 . -() . : ) (SSC)
35


) SSC. , 1) -, . 2) , . 3) , (SSC), ­ . 4) , , , ( ).

. 2b. - Bmax Vmax .

. 3. - Ap- ..

36


2.1.6. 2005 () 2005 23- , , , , . , , , 2005 . -, 21 , 20 .

.1. B V ( ); A10 Axy 10 ( ), Kp Dst- ( ).

, - , . .2.

.2. AF 162 , (>W35) Dmin . ­ 21 2005 . AF Dmin. 37


2.1.1.-2.1.6. . . 3-10 2004 .: 1. // . . 50. 3. . 298-310. 2010. . . 3-10 2004 .:2. "" "", . // . . 50. 6. . 1-16. 2010. A. V. Belov, E. A. Eroshenko, O. N. Kryakunova, V. G. Kurt, and V. G. Yanke "Ground Level Enhancements of Solar Cosmic Rays during the Last Three Solar Cycl es", Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya, Vol. 50, No. 1, p.21, 2010 R. T. Gushchina, A. V. Belov, V. N. Obridko, and B. D. Shelting, "Long-Term Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Ra ys at Solar Activity Minimums", Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya, V. 50, No. 4, P.446-443. 2010. .Abunin, "Forbush-effects with sudden and gradual onset", 22nd European Cosmic Ray Symposium in Turku, Finland , 3-6 August 2010. .., .., ... // . 2010. .50. 6. .739-748.

2.1.7. 5- ( )
) , MARS-EXPRESS (2004, 2006, 2008/09), VENUS-EXPRESS (2006) ROSETTA (2006) . 20% . ~30 . max=5.5 ( ~3 .) 8 . , 10RS, max=4.3 ( ~4 .). /max 4 40 1.0 2.9 . , , , .

) , , 1975 2002 . - , , ( , ).
38


1. Efimov A.I., Armand N.A., Lukanina L.A., Samoznaev L.N., Chashey I.V., Bird M.K. Investigation of Coronal Mass Ejections by the Two-Position Radio Sounding Method // Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2009. V. 49. 8. . 1165-1169. 2. A.I. Efimov, L.A. Lukanina, L.N. Samoznaev, V.K. Rudash, I.V. Chashei, M.K. Bird, M. PÄtzold, S. Tellmann. Quasi-periodic fluctuations detected in MARS-EXPRESS coronal radio sounding observations // in: Solar-Wind12. International Conference. AIP Conf. Proc. ed. by M. Maksimovic et al. 2010. V.1216. P. 90-93. 3. Efimov A.I., Lukanina L.A., Samoznaev L.N., Rudash V.K., Chashey I.V., Bird M.K., PÄtzold M., Tellmann S. Coronal radio sounding experiments with MARS-EXPRESS: Scintillation spectra during low solar activity // in: Solar-Wind-12. International Conference. AIP Conf. Proc. ed. by M. Maksimovic et al. 2010. V.1216. P. 94-97. 4. .. , . , .. , . , .., .. , .., .. . NOZOMI // . . 2010. . 87. 11. . 1120-1129. (Astron. Rep. 2010. V. 87. 11. P. 1032-1041). 5. .., .., .., .., .., .. // . . 2010. . 87. 5. . 492-502. (Astron. Rep. V.87. 5. P.446-455. 2010 6. .. , .. , .. , .. , .. . // . 2010. . 55. 11. . 1343-1349. (J. Comm. Techn. Electr. 2010. V. 55. 11. P. 1253-1259). 7. A.I. Efimov, L.A. Lukanina, L.N. Samoznaev, V.K. Rudash, I.V. Chashei, M.K. Bird, M. PÄtzold & the MEX, VEX, ROS Radio Science Team. Quasi-periodic frequency fluctuations observed during coronal radio sounding experiments 1991-2009 // 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. 2010. 18-25 July. Bremen. Germany. D22-004410.

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0,4 .., 3 20, 0,8 .., , 1000 /. , : . , Solar Physics. [2] 3). 3 298 3 48 , 111 . , , , . . , . . [3] 4). NOZOMI, 2000 . 2001 . 13 37 . , (~0.05 ~0.0065 ). 20 1 , . . , . . , , 25 , , 50 , 2.3 3.0. 30 . ( ) [4] 5). , , 1975 2002 . ULYSSES GALILEO , , . ,
40


. - , , .( ) [5,6] 6). 2005 . 2007 . ( ) PSR B0525+21 PSR B0531+21. 111 . 5 . , STEREO SECCHI SOHO EIT , . , PSR B0531 + 21, . , 5-10 . , , . , . [7]
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41


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2.2.1. . ( ). . , . . . , . . . , , . , , , . , , .
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2.2.2. () () -1. , . .
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2.2.3. ). ( 1 ). ( ) .
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gnetic Field of Ion Flux/ al., pp.132tens of Hz.

2.2.4. () ) , () , , , . , 28 1980 , HELIOS 1 IMP 8 : 0.2 .., 0.01. , , , , . , - . . , , . , , , , . , , . , 28 1980 . HELIOS 1 IMP 8. HELIOS 1 () 0.31 .. 6 , IMP ­ 1 .. 46 . , 10-2. ). . , 2 . Reames, 2000; Mason et al., 2004; Mason, 2007) , . - , ( ). 30, .. . Kartavykh et al., 2008 . Kr, Te Pb .
43


S=1.5, 2, 2.5, 3. -, - (3-5)x1011 s cm-3. S=1.5 0.3 ­ 0.5 MeV/nucleon Te Pb. S=2.5 3 Fe, Fe. S=2.5 T=106 K, Ta n = 3x1011 90 % Ta n = 5x1011 ­ 10 % (, ­ ).

). - , Wind. , - , . 4 2000 , , . , Wind , . . - . ( ) , ..
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2.3. ,
2.3.1. () 1.
44


(, , , ) ( ) . , , . 2. , , , «-24.». ( 3.3 mg, < 74 m, 118 cm , . 300-1000C , . , , ; ; , , . , (4He 3He) 0.5 eV, 0.51 0.59 s-1. 5%. . 3 ·109 15 2 .. : 3He . , , . 3. (~3.3 mg) 8 ( 300 ­ 1000 0C) - . , () - . , 1000 , .
... // ,2010,.52,10, .1921-1924 .., ... //, 2008, .420, 6, .805-807 .. . // , 2010, .48, 1..102-108 .., .., ... - // . 2006, .76,1,. 105-114. .. , .., .., .., .. , ... // , 2009, 1(27). 1-6 ... -// , 2009, .19, 4, .227-230

2.3.2. () , - .
45


- . , - 110-130 - , , , , , , 110-120 . , (), . , , . , , - , , / . , - 84 , . , , . , .
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2.3.3. () () , , . , - , . - , , , , . « » , , - , , .. , , , , , .

46


S.I. Popel, S.I. Kopnin, M.Y. Yu, J.X. Ma, Feng Huang, The Effect of Microscopic Charged Particulates in Space Weather, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 43 (2010), in press.

2.3.4. ( ) Voyager 1 Voyager 2 . , , 2002-2008 . . , , , , . , V2, , , , .
.. , .. , , . 48, 2, .129-138, 2010

2.3.5. , - () . , .
Shaikh, Dastgeer; Veselovsky, I. S.; Lu, Q. M.; Zank, G. P., From Micro- to Macro-scales in the Heliosphere and Magnetospheres, eprint 2010arXiv1005.4899S

2.3.6. Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) () NASA Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) 200 6 . IBEX 2008 ., 2009 ( ). , , 2-3 . - , ( ) . , . . . ( ) .
47


IBEX , .
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2.3.7. () - 1 .. ( OMNI) (1933 - 2010 ). ­ , Voyager 1 Voyager 2. , 2008-2009 . , 2010 ( ) ( ) 3 . 2010 «-1» 33 .. , «-2» - ~ 17 .. Voyager 2. - . 1 .. (, ) (5-14 ). , , (forward) , (reverse) , . , , , .
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2.3.8. () 2010 . , , 20 .. , , , , .. 150-200 .. . . , ,
48


(, 2010). , , . . , 90 .. - - (Baranov, Malama 1993), . «» , Tr . .1 : ­ - (Baranov, Malama 1991); ­ «» ; ­ . , , .

.1. () () . (. ). .., .., , . ., 36, 4, . 310319, 2010. .., .., .., .., .., .., : , , , . « , , , » . .., .., ..; . 193-222, , 2010.

2.3.9. () . . -. ­ . , , nH= 0.25 ­3, TH = 7000 K, np = 0.0009 ­3, Tp= 106 K. : 1)
49


; 2) ; 3) , ; 4) ; 5) . , , . , , . . , , , , . , , . . . , , 1,5 . .
.., .., ..," ", . « », .125-150, , - «» , 2011.

2.3.10. () , . , . , .

.1 . (-), (-), (-) . ( 104 , II; 3.9.104)

( , ..). . . , .
50


.2 : ()- () G74.0-8.5 Cygnus Loop; () - (). .., .., , , 2010, . 36, 7, . 506-516. .., , VII . . " ", , .: , 2010. C. 58

2.3.11. () , . . . HII . , , , . . , . . 1 2, HII.

51


. 1 u(x,t) L ( as, x t Lc Lc/as)

. 2 HII L=0.1 L=0.05 ( 104, HII ) .. , .. , , I « », . 40, 2010. .. , .. , . « », , , . 114, 2010.

2.1.12. - () . , . .
.. , .. , - , « », , , . 115, 2010.

2.3.13. () . . . , , ­ .
52


. . , .. , .. . « ». « (-2010)», , 2010.

2.4.
2.4.1. (). -1 , , . .
.., .., .., .. , ( ). .., .., .., .., , ( ).

2.4.2. . () , (, , ) . , .

x, t.

. : x ­ , t ­ .
53


; R5, R8, R9 ­ , S , S2 ­ , S1, S3, S7 ­ , Cm - , ­ , ­ . Cluster, . ­ . : 1. , : SS R2TS sr rr s ­ , ; S ­ ; R - , ; T- . . 2. , ( ) , Cluster SC3 , , . 3. SSC , OGO 3 .
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2.4.3. () , 1000 , , 1908 , . 700 , 10 >500 . ,
54


. , , , . , ~ 1700 [Frank et al.,1986]. , . , , , ( ) . , (). , , . . , , . .

. : a ­ ; ­ . : 1 ­ ; 2 ­ ; 3 ­ ; 4 ­ ; 5 ­ ; 6 ­ -; 7 ­ ; 8 ­ ; 9 ­ -.

: 1) 1908 , 2) , 3) , .
... 1908 .: . // 2011 ( ). ... 1908 .: . // 2011 ( ).

3.
3.1.
55


3.1.1. ()
« 1976 ­ 2000 » (ftp://ftp.iki.rssi.ru/omni/), OMNI, ( Dst ) : , Pd, (3) . 8- Dst-50 , : CIR ­ 86 , ­ 43 , Sh - 8, Ejecta ­ 95, ShEjecta ­ 56, MC+Ejecta ­ 138, ShMC+ShEjecta ­ 64, IND ­ 75 . «» |Dst| : - , MC+Ejecta, |Dst| (Dst ) (>0.6). - , MC+Ejecta, |Dst| >11 /, , , - . - CIR ShMC+ShE |Dst| , 15 23 /, . - |Dst| |Dst| , , Pd , . - , ShMC, ( ) ( r<0.5). Pd .
.., .., .. // . . 1. 2011. 51. 1. . 1­17.

3.1.2. Dst-50 (Dst-50 ) (Dst-100 ) ()

Dst , , .. , Dst () sumEy . Pd B Dst . 190- , 8 :

56


(17 ), CIR (49 ), Ejecta (50 ), ShE (34 ), ShMC (6 ), ShE+ShMC (40 ), MC+Ejecta (67 ), IND (34 ), : - Dst sumEy ( r1=-0.66 CIR r1=-0.78 ShMC + ShE). - [ ., 2011] Dst sumEy , Dst , sumEy Dst . - , 4- : (ShE, ShE+ShMC), CIR IND. (Dst ) Pd>P0, PdP0. 4- , ICME (MC, Ejecta, ShMC, MC+Ejecta) Dst Pd sumEy . - Dst sumEy ( ). - 3 , . sumEy (Dst-50 ) (Dst-100 ) . , , , 1.5 , . - (sumEy =9 -1 ) ShE ShMC+ShE, Ejecta MC+Ejecta ~1.5 (sumEy =12 -1 ). , CIR, IND (sumEy =14 -1 ) ShMC (sumEy =13 -1 ). - ShE, ShMC, ShMC+ShE (sumEy =29, 32, 32 -1 , ). «» Ejecta, MC, MC+Ejecta ~1.5 , (sumEy =40, 45, 41 -1 , ). CIR , (sumEy =39 -1 ).
.. , .. , .. , . 2. // . . 2011 ( )

3.1.3. () () , . OMNI 1976­2000 798 Dst ­50 : CIR, Sheath ; ; "" Ejecta, .
57


, Dst . , : (1) ICME (MC Ejecta) (2) CIR Sheath. , MC Ejecta , ( Ey Bz ), CIR Sheath ­ . sN/ MC. , Bz Sheath CIR. .
. . , . . , . . , . . , . 2. , , 2011, 49, 1, . 1­14 ( ) Yermolaev, Yu. I.; Nikolaeva, N. S.; Lodkina, I. G.; Yermolaev, M. Yu.Specific interplanetary conditions for CIR-, Sheath-, and ICME-induced geomagnetic storms obtained by double superposed epoch analysis, Annales Geoph ysicae, Volume 28, Issue 12, 2010, pp.2177-2186

3.1.4. ()
1986 1995 , , 26 30 . , , ( > 2 ) , .
.., .., .. . . // . . ­ .: « », 2010, . 117. 4, . 35-41.

3.1.5. 23- () () ­ ACRIM PMOD, F10.7, MgII HeI 1083, ­ F2 . , 23- , 2000 2002 ., - . , ­ , . 3-4 2001- 2002 . (. . ). , , , , , , .
58


(Ez) (Uext) , « » 1998-2000 . [Weimer 1995] [Lukianova and Christ iansen, 2006], SuperDARN . , Ez Uext. (R) Ez Uext - . () R By<0 By>0. By.
Lukianova R. and K. Mursula, Changed relation between sunspot numbers, solar UV/EUV radiation and TSI during the declining phase of solar cycle 23, J. Atmos.Solar-Terr.Phys., (in press). Lukianova R. and G. Alexseev, High solar irradiance episode in 2001/2002 and relevant Earth's climate anomalies, J. Earth System Science (in press). . ., . . , . . -, . . , . . , . . . , , ( )

3.1.6. () , , . Cluster , , , . . (1) , . (2) . 0.1-0.2 /, . , - . . , , .

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Zelen yi, L. M., A. V. Artemyev, and A. A. Petrukovich, Earthward electric field in the magnetotail: Cluster observations and theoretical estimates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L06105, doi:10.1029/2009GL042099, 2010.

3.1.7. () , 1 1998., , (). . , , ­ , -, , , .
.., .., .., .., .., , - ( ), 2010. Natalia Borodkova, Vladimir Parkhomov and Georgy Zastenker. Comparison of Two Successive Subst orms Observed on August 1, 1998. Report at European Geosciences Union General Assembl y, May 2 - 8, 2010, Vienna Austria. N. Borodkova, V. Parkhomov and G. Zastenker. Comparison of Two Subst orms Observed on August 1, 1998. 38- , , , 17 ­ 24 2010.

3.1.8. () (, 1 .1 (MP, , 30.10. 2007 .) (HFA) (Jet). MMS ~1.7 ­. SW-,MSH-, BS-, Wb<1/3 [/3]. ( ) .

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(), 2 , () ­ (). .
Amata, E., Savin, S., Ambrosino, D. et al., High kinetic energy density jets in the Earth's magnetosheath: A case study. Planet. Space Sci. (2010), doi:10.1016/j.pss.2010.07.021 Savin, S., Amata, E., Sibeck, D. et al., Magnetosheath crossings in few minutes: anomalous dynamics with supermagnetosonic highly- deflected and stratified flows, D31-0026-10, 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembl y, Bremen, Germany, (2010)

3.1.9. THEMIS () . THEMIS. , , . , . , . . , , , ~10% .
. ., . . , .. , . . , THEMIS, , . 49, 1, . ??, 2011. ( )

3.1.10. () (=30-800 ) , -2 «» () ~800 . , , ­ 105 c. , - (S1/S2) ~3 , , Np/Na=37.26. ­ .
61


30 . (). , , . , Hot Flow Ano maly, () . , -1 (, HFA ). .
. ., .., -1 , , " ", 8-12 2010.

3.1.11. () (R): ) ; ), , , . , . , R 7 - 5 , , 1-1,5 . , , . R , ( , ) , . R, Bz , . 3.1.12. () 2 1859 .

() , . 2 1859 , (), , , , 1500-1700 /; - 1200-1600 -3, - - (40-60). Dst , , 1000-1500 .
62


H . , , . , , , , , , . , . , , , 400, . , , , , Dst , .
3.1.11-3.1.12 Levitin A.E., L.I. Gromova, L.A. Dremukhina, E.G. Avdeeva, A.U. Burtsev, Calculation of the magnetopause standoff distance, 33rd Annual Seminar `PHYSICS OF AURORAL PHENOMENA', Apatity, 2 -5 March, Abstracts PGI-10-01-126, p.29, 2010. Dremukhina L.A., A.E. Levitin, L.I. Gromova N.G. Ptitsina, Modeling of the geomagnetic field duirng the extreme geomagnetic storm 2 September 1859. Conference "Problems of Geocosmos", St. Petersburg, Petrodvorets, 20-24 September, 2010, Book of Abstracts, p. 35, 20010.

3.1.13. THEMIS ( ) .

. 1. , T HEMIS. ­ , ­ , ­ .

5 TEMIS. , ESA SST. . 2009 . , / , Z (Dzz) Y (Dyy), X Dxx. . ,
63


/ , . <10RE, .
Stepanova M., V. Pinto, J. A. Valdivia, and E.E. Antonova, Spatial distribution of the eddy diffusion coefficients in the plasma sheet during quiet time and substorms from THEMIS satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., in press (accepted), 2010.

3.1.14. ()









, . , , , , . 1. , , ~ 650 . , . 2. , . 3. , , , . 150 , GSE . 90 , 10 4 . -256. , k- . .
.. , . , . , .. , , « », , 8 -12 2010 . 64


3.1.15. : ( ) - . . , .
. . , . . , . . , : , . 2010. . 16. 1. . 90­99.

3.1.16. () . , ( , , ) c IMAGE, 2001-2005 . , «» 1. , , , . 100% «» 1 . , ­ - , . , , ( SYM-H; . 1). 1. 40 22 62 , 34 10 44 , . 19 6 25 30.8 ( (19) (5) (24) Pc1) , . 15 4 19 30.6 ( (5) (1) (6) Pc1) 6 12 18 11.8 ( Pc1) (2) (0) (2) (SYM-H), 31.1 14.9 25.7 ­ . ­ , , . (SYM-H), 25.7 30.7

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.., .. , .. , . . , Pc1, , . 50, 5, 595-602, 2010. (0.84 ..).

3.1.17. () , , ( , « », ). , « » . , , , . Ñ Ñ (Sergeev et al., 1993). DMSP , (b2i) (Newell et al., 1998). 1984 . 2009 ., . , , . (2007-2009 .). , , 1) « » 2) , . . , « » (.). , , , .
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75 2 1 3 4

1 70 b2i, deg 2 3 4 5 65

5

60 16 20 00 04 08 16 20 00 04 08 MLT, h MLT, h

. 1. MLT . - ; ­ . 1 - ; 2 - ; 3 - , (CIR), 4 - , « » (Sheath); 5 - Bz- . .., .. Magnetotail stretching under different solar wind conditions, Proceedings of 33rd Annual Seminar "Physics of Auroral Phenomena", 2010, in press

3.2.
3.2.1. , () , ­ . , . Cluster, . , , . B0/Bext and F0/Fext, B0 - , Bext , F0 Fext, , . , , , B0, . c ( B0) . , ( ), ,
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( ). , ( ), .
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3.2.2. () THEMIS (17 2008 9-11 UT) . ( ) , , . : . , , .
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3.2.3. () () Cluster , ( ) . , , . 1-4 ~5 - 20 RE. , , . , , , , -, , .

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, , , , . : i) ; ii) , .
Grigorenko, E. E., Burinskaya, T. M., Shevelev, M., Sauvaud, J.-A., and Zelenyi, L. M. Large-scale fluctuations of PSBL magnetic flux tubes induced by the field-aligned motion of highly accelerated ions, Annales. Geophysicae, 28, 1273-1288, 2010. .., ., .. .-. , : ?, , 50, 6. 749-761, 2010.

3.2.4. () - VDIS, 1-30 , . «» () , . , W(N) N=1,2,3... : lnW(N) ~1.33*lnN [1]. ( -2) CIS ( CLUSTER) , VDIS ( ln W(N)=A* lnN +B) 0.60-1.94, .. 1.33. EZ, . EZ =1.33 - [2]. , , , , , .
[1] .., .., .. , .-. , , 85, 4, 225-231, 2007 [2]M.S. Dolgonosov, G.Zimbardo, and A. Greco, J. Geophys. Res, 115, A02209, doi: 10.1029/2009JA014398, 2010.

3.2.5. : , () 1) , -- , , . , . ,
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, . , : . , , , , «» . , luster. , . , . , . , ( ). , , .
.., .. , .. , .. , .. , : , , , 2010,

2) , , , . , . , . , . (-) - . , , . .. . , : . , , «» . , , , . ( ) .
.., .., .., .., ., , , . 180, N 9, , . 973-982, DOI:10.3367/UFNr.0180.201009f.0973, 2010.

3) ,
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, . , ­ . - . , : «» . , . , . ( ) , Cluster. , ; , .
.., .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , : , , , .36, N9, c. 897-915, 2010.

4) . , ­ ( , ). , , , - , . , : ( ­ ), .
Lev M. Zelen yi, Alexey G. Korgov, Helmi V. Malova, Victor Yu. Popov, Anton V. Artemyev and Dominique C. Delcourt, Charged particle acceleration in the Hermean magnetosphere: the role of dipolarizations, plasma turbulence and induction electric fields, in the book: ADVANCES IN GEOSCIENCES (A 6-Volume Set) - Volume 19: Planetary Science (PS) © World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., http://www.worldscibooks.com/etextbook/7158/7158_v19_toc.pdf, p.p. 9-28, 2010

3.2.5. () , , () . , .

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, , () . : , , . 100 , , , . , , , . , . . , , «» -, - . «» . , . .
Mingalev et al., 38th COSPAR Assembl y 2010, Bremen, Germany, 18-25 July 2010, Mingalev et al., 33rd Annual Seminar on Physics of auroral phenomena, Apatity, 2-5 March, 2010.

3.3.
3.3.1. () , CLUSTER, , (2000-3000 /) (0.004-0.02 ) . 5-20 . , , . . - , . ,
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, , -, , . , , , . , , , , . 3000 5 , . , , , , , -, , . , -. , . , - , , , , .
.. , .. , .-. , - , , 2010, . 35, 11. E.E. Grigorenko, T.M. Burinskaya, M. Shevelev, J.-A. Sauvaud, L.M. Zelenyi, Large-scale fluctuations of PSBL magnetic flux tubes induced by the field-aligned motion of highly accelerated ions, Ann. Geophys., 2010, V. 28, P.1273-1288, doi:10.5194/angeo-28-1273-2010.

3.3.2. () -, . . , . . . , , (, , ) , , . «» , . , , . , , . , , , , () , , . ,
73


, ( ), , , , , . . , . .
V. L. Krasovsky. Trapped particle effect on the velocit y of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves in an isotropic plasma. Physics Letters A, v.374, p.1751, 2010.

3.3.3. () . - . , . , . , ( ) . .
A. I. Neishtadt, A. A. Vasiliev, A. V. Artemyev, Surfatron acceleration of a relativistic particle by electromagnetic plane wave, http://arxiv.org/abs/1011.2236

3.3.4. () , . . , . .
A.Neishtadt, A.Artemyev, L.Zel enyi. Regular and chaotic charged particle dynamics in low frequency wa ves and role of separatrix crossings. Regular and Chaotic Dynamics, v.15, pp. 564-574, 2010.

3.3.5. () , . . , , .

74


A.Artemyev, A.Neishtadt, L.Zelenyi, D.Vainchtein, Adiabatic description of capture into resonance and surfatron acceleration of charged particles by electromagnetic waves. Chaos, 2010.

3.3.6. () ( ) . , . , . , , , . , ( ), ( ) . - . . , , . ( ), , , .
.., .., .., .., . , . , 4 (68), .116-120, 2010.

3.3.7. () . , , , . , . , , , .

75


, , . , , , , , . , . , - .
.., .., . XLVI , , , 19-23 2010 ., , , , 2010, .25-26. .., .. . XLVI , , , 19-23 2010 ., , , , 2010, .27-28.

3.3.8. (). , , . . . 50 , , , . (L = 4,5, Ne = 10 -3) 10-20 15%, ( ) - 100%. , , .
.., .. // , 2010 ( ). Demekhov A. G., Victorov M. E. Efficiency of electron cycl otron acceleration by whistler-mode wave packets with varying frequency and amplitude // . . XXXIII « ». -- , 2010. -- . 36.

76


3.3.9. (). . 1) , . . 2) . , «» , , , , , .. , ( «» ). «» «» . , , «» , . , , , . 3) . , ( ).
. ., . . ­ // . -- . -- 2009. -- . 52, 11. -- . 845­858. . . // . -- . -- 2010. -- . 53, 11. -- . Macusova E., Santolik O., Decreau P., Demekhov A.G., Nunn D., Gurnett D. A., Pickett J. S., Titova E. E., Kozelov B.V. Observations of the relationship between frequency sweep rates of chorus wave pack ets and plasma density // J. Geophys. Res. - 2010. - V. 115. doi:10.1029 /2010JA015468. - (in press). Demekhov A.G. Spectral properties of ELF/VLF chorus in the Earth's magnetosphere: a model and numerical simulations // 38-th Scientific Assembl y of COSPAR: CD of Abstracts. -- Bremen, Germany, 2010. -- D34­ 0012­10. Demekhov A.G. Spectral properties of ELF/VLF chorus in the Earth's magnetosphere: a model and numerical simulations // VERSIM 2010: Program & Book of Abstracts. -- Prague, Czech Republic, 2010. -- P. 13.

3.3.10. () . . SAMI2 (NRL, ), . , .
77


. 1:

, "", DEMETER , . , EISCAT , EISCAT, 150­600 . , .
Milikh G.M., Demekhov A.G., Papadopoulos K., Vartanyan A., Huba J.D., Joyce G. Model for artificial ionospheric duct formation due to HF heating // Geophys. Res. Lett. - 2010. - V. 37, No. 7. L07803, doi:10.1029/2010GL042684.

3.4.
3.4.1. () S-, . . -, , , ,
78


. -, - , ( ). . , , . , , , . , , , , . - .
Shaposhnikov V.E., Korobkov S.V., Kostrov A.V., Rucker H.O., Litvinenko G.L. Parametric mechanism for formation of the Jovian millisecond radio bursts // J. Geophys. Res. 2010. doi:10.1029/2010JA016041 (in press) Zaitsev V.V., Shaposhnikov V.E., Khodachenko M.L., Rucker H.O., Panchenko M. Acceleration of electrons in Titan's Ionosphere // J. Geophys. Res. 2010. V. 115, A03212. doi:10.1029/2008JA013958

3.4.2. () , - . , , , . . . , . . , , , . , , , . , 10% , 100 , . , ( 55°) 0,5 /2. , ­ ­1 /2. ,
79


- , 24 . , . -105 . , , - . (, , ) . , , , . . , . , . . : . , . , . . , .
.. // , 2010 ( ). .., .. // XIV - « . . », 18-21 2010 , , . .26-30.

3.4.3. (Dst ) 1986 . . . . 1986 ., Dst -307 . . , Dst , .
80


Dst , , .

. ( ) Dst (http://wdc.kugi.kyot o-u.ac.jp/dst_final/ 198602/index.html) . ., .., , , . 50(6), . 768-777, 2010.

3.5. , ,
3.5.1. () . , 2 7 [.. . . , 1984, . 87, 12, .. 1894-1904; Bespalo v P.A. Effect ive saturation o f absorption in a plasma magnetospheric maser. In book: Nonlinear Space Plasma Physics, R.Z.Sagdeev -Editor-in-Chief, American Inst itute of Phys ics, 1993, p.339-346], . .

. 3: () , . 81


() ,

. . . .

. 4: - 3,7 DEMETER; - 1,7

, , .
Bespalov P.A., Parrot M., Manninen J. Short-periodic VLF emissions as solitary envelope waves in a magnetospheric plasma maser // J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2010. V. 72. P. 1275-1281. .. . , 2010 ( ). Bespalov P. External periodic effects on VLF noise excitation // Book of Abstracts VERSIM, 2010, Prague, p. 17.

3.5.2. - () - , , . , . . , - .
Bespalov P.A., Savina O.N. Instability of ion-acoustic oscillations and anomalous thermal conductivity in the transition region of stellar atmosphere // Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on OpticsAstrophysics-Astronomy (ICOAA '10). University of Cambridge, UK, 2010, p. 103-107. Savina O.N., Bespalov P.A. Ion-acoustic instability and anomalous thermal conductivity in the Solar transition region // Book of Abstracts X-th Hvar Astropysical Colloquium The Active Sun, Hvar, 2010, p. 16.

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.., .. - // " ", , , 2010. . 88.

3.5.3. () . , . . , , . -, , .
.., .. // , 2010 ( ). Bespalov P.A., Mizonova V.G. Formation of density cavities with a nontationary electric field and particle acceleration in the auroral longitudinal current region // « : ( )», , 2010. .., .., .. . , 2010 ( ). Barhhatova O., Barkhatov N., Bespalov P. Asymmetry of geomagnetic field horizontal compoments variation connected to field aligned currents appeared at early recovery phase in region of plasmospheric bulges. Geoph ysical Research Abstracts, 2010, v. 12, EGU2010-6570, 2010 EGU General Assembly.

3.5.4. () ( ) () () . , , . , , : Reff = (Rn + |Ran | ) , Pe Rn , Ran - . , , . , , , , . , «» , . (. 6), , , , . ( ) .

83


> p , - < p .

. 5: . , ­ .

, , , , . . . 7 ,

. 6: , 2- , 2L, . .7 7 L, 5 0.5 , = 600 = 150. , M = 3.

. , , . . v Te 1200 /, vTi vTe (m / M)1 / 2 27 /, , , 300 / M eff 11, 2.
84


- .
.., . // . . 2009. T. 52, 12. - . 960-971. Fiala V., Hayosh M., Soucek J., SantolÌk O., Chugunov Yu. V., Pickett J. S. Observation of Langmuir waves in the solar wind and the role of the antenna effective length // AIP Conference Proceedings. 2010. V. 1216. P. 312316. .. // « », . , 8-12 2010 . C.89-90.

3.5.5. ROMAP / ROSETTA () , / - 2014 . , ­ , . , .
A. Remizov, SPM/ROMAP ­ Plasma Monitor onboard the ROSETTA Lander PHILAE: Current status, calibration results, in-flight tests, common work with orbiter plasma instrument RPC ­ comparison of electron measurements, MPS Katlenburg-Lindau Workshop, Germany, 20 August 2010. .. , . , . , . , . , () , " " , , 8-12 2010 ., . 60.

3.5.6. - () - , , . , , .. . , () - . , , , . , POLAR, IMAGE PCW.

85


. ( ) 95% ( ). ­ POLAR IMAGE, ­ PCW. 4 Re . Uritsky V.M., E. Donovan, T. Trondsen, D. Pineau, and B.V. Kozelov, Data-derived spatiotemporal resolution constraints for global auroral imagers. J. Geophys. Res., 115, A09205, doi:10.1029/2010JA015365, 2010.

3.5.7. DEMETER ( ) DEMETER , . , , - DEMETER (700 ) , , . .1. , , . , L-3, L . , ; . . , L , . , L L.

86


, . (). , ( f ), , DEMETER, (6-9 ), ­ 9-12 . DEMETER, (. .1 ) , . .

()

()

.1. , DEMETER L- () () . Shklyar, D. R., Parrot, M., Chum, J., Santolik, O., Titova, E. E., On the origin of lower- and upper-frequency cut offs on wedge-like spectrograms observed by DEMETER in the midlatitude ionosphere J. Geophys. Res., V. 115, A5, DOI:10.1029/2009JA014672.

3.5.8. () IPDP , , , . , - ULF- IPDP, , MLT. .
87


, IPDP . Kennel and Petschek (1966), ( He+, IPDP).

18 M LT, Local growth
0.25

0 .2

/

p

0.15

0 .1

0.05

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Time, hour

. . : 1) « », , 16-17 2010 . 2) 8th International Conference "Problems of Geocosm os", St.Petersburg, Petrodvorets, Russia, 20-24 September 2010

4.
4.1. -
4.1.1. (Weddell sea anomaly, WSA) () (Weddell sea ano maly, WSA) . . 1) -19 (19791980 .) foF2 . fpF2 (~foF2) CHAMP (2005-2006 .). -19 CHAMP , WSA
88


. WSA . 2) -19 foF2 (WSA) . , foF2 4-5 255-315° 50-55° ILAT. , ­ . 3) -19 foF2 . , , 80-220° 45-75°N. foF2 2-2.5 120-150° 60°N ( ). 4) WSA foF2 . , . . ) ( 52.5° ILAT) , , [O]/[N2] Tn. , foF2 , . , . ) . foF2 , . foF2 . , , . ) , , WSA. , , . . , , , , .. . , .

89


90

,

60

M 2

30 foF2 () 00 LT 14 LT 0 0 0 -10 foF2 () 01 LT 12 LT
-

90

180

270

360

ILAT,

-20 -30 -40 -50 -60 0 90 180 , (WSA)

2 70

360

. () () foF2. ­ , ­ . .., .., .. // . 2011. .51. 3. ( ).

4.1.2. () 2 (SSC) : ~10 ~1 . , - . , . , , - - . , . (CSSAR).
Pilipenko V., E. Fedorov, K. Yumoto, A. Ikeda, and T.R. Sun, An analytical model for Doppler frequency variations of ionospheric HF sounding caused by SSC, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A10228, doi:10.1029/2010JA015403, 2010.

90


4.1.3. () , Bdst. , , . T(r) r Tin(r) :
p=0 10 T i n r/ T r
- 150 nT Bdst = - 200 nT

p = 1/2 10 T i n r/ T r

Bdst =

- 2 00 nT

- 1 50 nT

- 100 nT - 50 nT

- 1 00 nT - 50 nT

1 2 3 4
B dst =

1 5L
- 200 nT

2

3

4
Bdst =

5L
- 200 nT

p=1 10
- 150 nT

p = 3/2 10
- 150 nT

- 100 nT

- 100 nT

- 50 nT

- 50 nT

1 2 3 4 5L

1 2 3 4 5L

T (r ) Bdst r 3 Bdst r 3 , 1 - = 1 + Tin (r ) Be re3 2 Be re3 Be ­ re p = -rTin (r ) / Tin (r ) ­ Tin(r). . 1 L = r / r e Bdst, , -2 5 .

3+ p

T i n r/T r

.. , .. , .. , .. , .. , : , V «- », . , , 2 - 7 2010 ., . , .76-79. .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , , , 2011, 51, 1 ( ).

4.1.4. () F . 1-2
91

T i n r/T r


5 100 /. . , .
.. , .. , .. , .. , .. , , , 2011, 51, 3 ( ).

4.1.5. () , , . , , , . , , . . , , , . , .
I.V. Kuzichev, D.R. Shklyar. On full-wave solution for VLF waves in the near-Earth space, J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Phys., 72, 1044­1056, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2010.06.008, 2010.

4.1.6. () , , 1020 , . 20-30 4-6 , , . , . : ( 22 , ), . ,



, 92


, «» , .
I.L. Moiseenko, M.M. Mogilevsky, D.V. Chugunin, T.V. Romantsova, J. Hanasz, Waveguide modes in the AKR source, PRE-VII, Graz, Austria, September 15-17, 2010, p. 101.

4.1.7. () -2 , , , , . «» , . , . .

«»
V ~ 1 ­ 4 / H+, O
+





t
, 8-12.02.2010,

.. , .. , .. , .. , . , .-. , . , , « », 8-12 2010 ., , . , c. 84. Chugunin, Dmitriy; Mogilevsky, Mikhail; Moiseenko, Irina; Romantsova, Tatiana; Hanasz, J.; Sauvaud, JeanAndre, Heating of ionospheric ions on polar border of auroral region, 38-th General Assembl y COSPAR, D-310061-10, Bremen, Germany, Final Program, p.114, 2010.

4.1.8. ( ) 1). STARE EISCAT 5 IMAGE. , . - STARE EISCAT,
93


, . , 100-120 . 3 , . 2). ( 5 1-5 - 0.7-3.0 ) (20-40 ) , 30 . (). 2 , z- , -, , ­ . , - 5 , .
. ., . ., . ., . ., . 5 ( STARE), , 50, 3, . 344­353, 2010. Manninen, J., N. G. Kleimenova, O. V. Kozyreva, and T. Turunen, Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations, pulsating particle precipitation, and VLF chorus: Case study on 24 November 2006, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A00F14, doi:10.1029/2009JA014837, 2010.

4.1.9. F- () "-900" F- "-19". , . F- , , . F- - .
. . , . . , . . , . . , F-, , 50, No. 1, 72-81, 2010.

4.1.10. - () , () (~ 85-110 ), () c . . -
94


, . , . , , E F .
.., .., , , 431(1), . 113­118, 2010.

4.1.11. . GPS/ () , , 28 2003 . , . , . , , 60 . , , UT±4 . , 24 . , ~2 , 13 (.). , 2,5 .

.., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .. // 2010. .180. . 542­548. .., .. GPS/ // . 2010. 6. .1-16.

4.1.12. , ,
95


() ) , , GPS/CHAMP, GPS/FORMOSAT-3, GPS/MET, /GEO 15,16, . , , , -. , , , . , () , (, , S4), , . ) CHAMP . 40-90 : 1) , 2) ( -), 3) ( ­ ), 4) 5) (). - S- - -. CHAMP , . GPS/

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1. Liou Y.A., A.G. Pavel yev, S.S. Matyugov, O.I. Yakovlev, J. Wickert. Radio Occultation Method for Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Ionosphere // Edited by Y.A. Liou INTECH Published by In-The Olajnica 19/2, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia, 170 pp. 45 ill., ISBN 978-953-7619-60-2. 2. O.I. Yakovlev, J. Wickert, A.G. Pavel yev, G.P. Cherkunova, V.A. Anufriev. Measurement of polar ionosphere at satellite-to-satellite paths during strong solar flare activity // Acta Astronautica. 2010. V. 67. P. 315-323. 3. Pavel yev, A.G., Y.-A. Liou, J. Wickert, T. Schmidt, A.A. Pavel yev, and S.S. Matyugov. Phase acceleration: a new important parameter in GPS occultation technology // GPS Solutions 2010. V. 14. 1. . 3-14. doi:10.1007/s10291-009-0128-1. 4. Pavel yev A.G., Y.-A. Liou, J. Wickert, K. Zhang, C.-S.Wang, and Y. Kuleshov. Analytical model of electromagnetic waves propagation and location of inclined plasma layers using occultation data // Progress in Electromagnetics Research (PIER). 2010. V. 106. . 177-202. doi: 10.2528/PIER10042707. 5. .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .. // 2010. .180. . 542­548. 6. Pavel yev A.G., Liou Y.-A., Wickert J., Gavrik A.L., Lee C.C. Eikonal acceleration technique for studying of the Earth and planetary atmospheres by radio occultation method // Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009. V. 36. . 1-5. doi:10.1029/2009GL040979, L21807.

4.2.
4.2.1. , () D . , 60oS­64oS, 64.7oN­67.3oN 0o and 360oE. Mars Global Surveyor . D. 2 , 3 ­ . H3O+(H2O)n, NO2-(H2O)n CO3-(H2O)n D .

. 2. (), () (64.7N, 205E, ) (64S, 208E, ) .

97


Haider, S. A., M. A. Abdu, I. S. Batista, J. H. A. Sobral, V. Sheel, G. J. Molina-Cuberos, W. C. Maguire, and M. I. Verigin, (2009), Zonal wave structures in the nighttime tropospheric density and temperature and in the D region ionosphere over Mars: Modeling and observations, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A12315, doi:10.1029/2009JA014231.

4.2.2. E () Mars Global Surveyor, 12 18 2005 . () E 13 . . , 6-10 . , MGS.
Haider, S. A., M. A. Abdu, I. S. Batista, J. H. Sobral, Esa Kallio, W. C. Maguire, and M. I. Verigin (2009), On the responses to solar X-ray flare and coronal mass ejection in the ionospheres of Mars and Earth, Geophys. Res. Letters, 36, L13104, doi:10.1029/2009GL038694.

4.2.3. () . , . . 32 8 , , , . , ( ), 32 ( ), . , . .
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"-15,-16" 80...120 . . ( ) , . , 20...40 , 4...5 , , . , 4 . 150...180 , . .
1. Gavrik A.L., Pavel yev A.G., Gavrik Yu.A. Detection of ionospheric layers in the Daytime Ionosphere of Venus at Altitudes of 80-120 km from VENERA-15 and -16 Two-Frequency Radio-Occultation Results // Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2009. V. 49. 8. P. 1223-1225. DOI: 10.1134/S0016793209080362. http://www.springerlink.com/content/a212563728825476/fulltext.pdf 2. Pavel yev A.G., Liou Y.-A., Wickert J., Gavrik A.L., Lee C.C. Eikonal acceleration technique for studying of the Earth and planetary atmospheres by radio occultation method // Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009. V. 36. . 1-5. doi:10.1029/2009GL040979, L21807. 3. .., .., .., .. // . 2010. . 55. 3. . 277-284. http://www.maikonline.com/maik/showArticle.do?auid=VAG762MEP3&lang=ru 4. .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .., .. // 2010. .180. . 542-548. 5. .., .., .., .. // . 2010. 5. . 1-14. http://jre.cplire.ru/jre/may10/1/text.pdf 6. .., .. // . 2010, 2 .8, .82-83. 7. .., .., .., .. . / " " . 2009. . 60. http://solarwind.cosmos.ru/txt/2009/conf2009thesis.pdf 8. Gavrik A.L., Gavrik Yu.A., Samoznaev L.N., Kopnina T.F. Permanent layer in the Venus lower ionosphere / International Conference on Comparative Planetology: Venus-Earth-Mars. ESTEC. Noordwijk. The Netherlands. 11-15 May. 2009. P. 165. 9. Gavrik A.L., Samosnaev L.N. Study of La yered Structures in the Ionosphere of Mars by a Dual-Frequency Occultation Method / Russian-Chinese Working meeting on the joint scientific program of the Phobos-Soil and YH-1 mission. 16-18 March 2010. SRI. Moscow. Russia. P. 19-20. 10. .. / . . 08-12 2010. . 32-33. http://solarwind.cosmos.ru/txt/conf2010thesis.pdf 11. Gavrik A., Gavrik Yu., Kopnina T., Samoznaev L. The structure of the Venus ionosphere from Venera-15,-16 radio occultation measurements / 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembl y. Germany. Bremen. 18-25 July. 2010. Paper C32-0040-10. 12. .., .., .., .. / .. ( - . ). . 28 -1 2010. . 118-122. http://www.mivlgu.ru/conf/murom2010/html/materials/KRL2010/section3/1.pdf 99


13. .., .., .., .. / . " ". . . 15-19 2010. . 251. http://d902.iki.rssi.ru/theses-cgi/thesis.pl?id=2188 14. .., .. / VII " " . . 2010. .21. http://arc.iki.rssi.ru/conf/stud2010/progr2010.pdf 15. .., .. / 1- . 2010.

5.
5.1.
5.1.1. () 1). -15 , -3D , 3D 2D . . , , . -3D , , -, , , , -, «» ( , , ). 2010 , , . , , . 100 500 /, , 20 . 3.5 , X , -, . , - . , . -3D . , , , 4-5 .
100


, . , , , . , . 600 Â 250 - "NANOGATE 1-UF", . , , , , , . , . 2) , -3D , 2D X . -3D 50-100%, , , 10-4. , . , - , , , , . : , , . , , , , , .. . X . 3) , . : II 468.6 ( (n = 3) (n = 2) ) II 320.3 ( (n = 4) (n = 2) ), : I 587.6 ( 33 D 23 P ), I 447.1 ( 43 D 23 P ) I 492.2 ( 41 D 21 P ). II 468.6 I 587.6
101


, , II 320.3 , I 4471 I 492.2 ­ . , . , , "NANOGATE 1-UF", .1. , , ( z). .1 , ( x). , , . (0.4Â2.4)â1016 -3, 50 160 , , 20 . , . 100 1200 . .2 , 2D (Bz = 0), 3D X , (Bz = 2.9 ). 2D, 3D . , , 4.3
102


400 (). , Bz = 2.9 , (). : I 4471 I 492.2 , , (.3). . , (.4).
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I 4471 I 492.2 , , I 587.6 , , (.5). , . , .

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103


1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

.. , .. , .. , .. . // XXXVII () , . , 8-12 2010., .193. .. , .. , .. // XXXVII () , . , 8-12 2010., .248. .. , .. , .. . - NANOGATE-1UF ­ c « » // XXXVII () , . , 8-12 2010., .210. .. // http://solarwind.cosmos.ru, 5- « » -15, , , 8-12 2010 . .. , .. 3D // http://solarwind.cosmos.ru, 5- « » -15, , , 8-12 2010 . .. , .. , .. . // - , , 2010. .. , .. , .. . // - , , 2010. .., .., .. , // 2010, . 36(4), . 387-394. .. , .. , .. - // XXIV , 28 - 5 2010 . .2, . 427-428. .., .., ... , . // 2010. . 80(7), .24-33. ... // 2010 . 180(9) C.982-988. A.G. Frank, N.P. Kyrie, S.N. Satunin. Plasma dynamics in laboratory-produced current sheets // Abstracts for the US-Japan Symposium on Magnetic Reconnection (MR 2010), Japan, Nara, 6-9 December 2010, P.28. .., ... . // XXXVIII () , . , 8-12 2011., . .. , .. , .., .. . // XXXVIII () , . , 8-12 2011., .

5.1.2. () , . 10-4 -10-3 , . n0 ~ 51011 -3 0,2 , nb/n0~10-5-10-3 Wb =(mvb2)/2= 50-5000 (Wb/Te =101000) . k0= p / vb =10-50 -1( =2 /k0 = 0,1-0,6 cm.) L~ 100 L / ~1000.
104


vb/vb = 0,2. , . ; vb/vb=( ½) b /W b 0.2. 10-7 /~ 0,25. p ~510-7 c. .1

.1.

.2. 3 v 3 pe P(p) = pe T WL ~10-10 /3, WL ­ 3 12 ne c vf , vf ­ . ( ) (4)-1(ni/ni )2 (k/k)ni e3 ( Stenzel, Whelan, 1981; Shukla, 1983). (ni/ni)0,1, k/ k~0,15, e~0,1 , WL/n0Te0,10,4 P() 10-3 B/3 10-4-10-3 /3. WL/4neTe~(me/mi)1/2(/) ~(me/mi)1/2)(Te/Wb)(vb/vb) (1) ,

. WQL~( nb/n0)( Wb/Te)2,

105


1000
P, dbm

-30 -40 -50 -60 -70 II 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20

I

Wb/T

e

100

10

-5

10

-4

10

-3

nb/n0

(nb/n0) (Wb/Te)
.3. . I-p,, II-2p

.2.

nb/n0~(Te/Wb)3. . l+ l+s t . Te= 4me c 2 /mi~ 50 kL / kL >k0 / kL kL /k L =(vb/ vb)(ln2/2N). , k0 rD =(1/3)(me/mi) 1/2 , N- , .. 5 , kL / kL10-2 k0 / kL = 0.1-0.5 0,02-0.1 . , . , Wt/Wl=20(mi/me)1/2 (Te/(mec2 )3/2~10-4. .

30 1 WL/ nTe

.4.

0.5

0 2,0x10

-3

4,0x10

-3

6,0x10
b

-3

8,0x10

-3

Te/W

106


WL/n0Te ~1, , dTe/dt= = e2E2/m2 , , .4 WL/n0Te ~krD2. . ( vb/vb = 0,2.) . , 30-40 . , . , .
D.M. Karfidov. Radioemission under primary broad electron beam relaxation in a plasma // Physics Letters A (to be published)

5.2.
5.2.1. . ( ) 1)

1. 107


.1 -1 . GSM , X. - () (). . . - . BFAC , - Sp , . , B . , , B . , ­ . . 1 . -1. 5 1.2 10-6 . CO2 70 150 1 (C6H11ON). H+ C4+ 1 Vo1.5·107 /. 40 5·1017 . 60 . =1.15·106 ·3; ~10-3 ~10-5 . X, , . 8 . t=2 Rm15 . - . . . , , . . 2 (Shaikhislamo v et al 2009) . , . ( 2Â4 - ) . , (Shaikhislamo v et al 2009) , -1.
108


( =40Â70o ) . . , , (Baumjo hann et al 2006). , . .

2. . 1 ­ ; 2 ­ ; 3 ­ . ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) .

, . . , . - , ( ) ( ). , , . B , ,
109


. , B . B , . () (Z=4 ) 15Â 20o . , . . . (Shaikhis lamo v et al 2009). . . , . 2). . 3 ( ) ( ). . , Br , . B . . , , . 1 . - 3 6 . , , . . 4 ( -20o ) ( +17o ) R = 16 . Br B , , . , . . , .

110


3.
. - B , - Br , - B . R=10 cm .

4. . - B , - Br , - B .

, . . 5 . B ( ) , . ( ) 3Â4 . . ,
111


. -1, . B . . ­ . .

5. B B .

. . 6 , B , . . 5 6 . . . 7 Bx . - , . By , Bz . Bz . , Bz , .. . , . . 8 . , ­ , .

112


6. B ( ) ( ) .

­ , . . . 8, , 2 .

7. Bx ( ) ( ) .

113


8. ( ) ( ) (). . - By , - Bz , - Bx .

, , . . 1. 3). , 10 2 , 150Â200 . , B (. 5, ). 100 Â 150 Bx , (. 8) - . (. 5, ) , ( , ).

B (100 Â 150 ), R 2 - -, , R 13 cm. , . , . . , . , . , , , . 1 Â 2 , .
114


, . -1 . (Keller et al 2002) , , . . , . , . , , . , , (Glassmeier and Heppner 1992). , (4 ) - (9 ). - , . , . , . , , . . -, , . - (Pono marenko et al 2007, 2008, Zakharov et al 2008). , , (Borovsky and Denton 2006). (, Ridley et al 2006) -1 . .
I F Shaikhislamov, V M Antonov, Yu P Zakharov, E L Boyarintsev, A V Melekhov, V G Posukh and A G Ponomarenko. «Laboratory simulation of field aligned currents in an experiment on laser-produced plasma interacting with a magnetic dipole» Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 51 (2009) 105005, doi:10.1088/07413335/51/10/105005 .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. . " ". , 51(5), pp. 25-34, 2010

5.2.2. , - () , () , - (). , , , , - . ,
115


«» , . , «», , , .

. 7 (a) , - (f = 66,5 = fce, P = 300 ) fm, z = 48 . (b) , ; F = fm z

. 8 (a) F = fm, (f = 66,5, P = 300 ), f/fce; z = 64 r = 0 . (b) F = fm = 200 , - , f/fce z = 64 r

, , , . , , (. 8(a)), , , "" . 2 , , |B| ~ 10-4 . , .
116


, . "" , ( k), ( k). (v cfm/fpe). - , . . 8(b) , . , , , - . , - , f fce (. 9). (. 9(a)), , . , , . , , |Bsp| ~ 10-6 Â 10-5 (0.1 Â 1 ).
. ., .., .., .., .., .. , - . // . 2010. .92, 2. .89-94. .., .., .., .., .. , , . // « », . , 8-12 2010 ., .88 Gushchin M., Korobkov S., Kostrov A., Odzerikho D., Strikovsky A. Cyclotron heating of electrons by antennas in a weakly magnetized plasma and parametric generation of low frequency waves. // Abstracts of 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembl y, Bremen, Germany, July 18-25, 2010, C52-0014-10. Kostrov A.V., Gushchin M., Korobkov S.V., Odzerikho D.A., Strikovsky A.V. Parametric generation of low frequency waves by electrons accelerated in ECR regime. // Abstracts of European Planetary Science Congress, Rome, Italy, September 19-24, 2010, abstract EPSC2010-158.

5.2.3. () , , . ­ (Ne ~ 1013-3, Te ~ 300 ) , , (Ne ~ 1010-3, Te ~ 10 ) c . 900 .
117


, . 9 47 6 . , 18-25 0,51 , 14,5 . , , . , -, 37.5 . , . , . 0.63 ( 17,5 ) 26-35 , 18-25 . , - , . , . , , 2 . 4 6 . , 1 , 6 . , 2*1013 -3. (1000 3) 3 . , 9 , 10% . , ­ . , - .
.., .., .., .., .. // . 2010 ( ).

6.
6.1.
6.1.1. () .
118


- , , . 6.1.2. - () - , 5- (-). , , -, , .
6.1.1.- 6.1.2. ., ... 16- : . , 2009, 35, 10, .1-15. V. D. Kuznetsov, N. S. Dzhalilov. Sixteen_Moment Approximation for a Collisionless Space Plasma: Waves and Instabilities. Plasma Physics Reports, 2009, Vol. 35, No. 11, pp. 962­975.

6.2.
6.2.1. () . , . ) . . , . , MDI-. , - , .. . , .. «» MDI . [1,2] - C ( ) , n â n , , . , D ( ) = n 2 - C ( ) . , , , D ( ) 0 .
119


. 10 , X . 200â200 , . ~ 85 , 6-8 . , . D ( ) , . , D ( ) : , M X.
1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 -200 180

Disconnected comp.

Flares

160 140

AR 10375

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20

02.06.2003

05.06.2003

08.06.2003

11.06.2003

. 1 , , D ( ) 10375. . , . : , M 10, X 100, B 10. 10375 , . , D ( ) . , , D ( ) () , D ( ) 40 Â 50 . , 2) . () . , , . , . , . , ~ 102 . , MDI- (SOHO) . , , «» . ,
120


. , .
L=15 D=15 L=15 D=5 L=5 D=15 L=7 D=13 L=4 D=10 L=17 D=5 L=19 D=7

,

,

2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5

f()

ISO
0,0 1,5 2,0



2,5

3,0

.2. «». D- , L- .

, « », .. , f ( ) f (q ) (q ) , . , , Pi ( ) - , , . : () « » , . 2 , , 500x500 MDI , (). . , , . , , [7,8]. : . [10] . , 3 , . , , , . . , . . . .
1... . . . 25 - 29 2010 . () 2... . , 1-5 2010 , () 3. .., .. . « » 8-12 2010 ., ( ) 121


4. .. : . // IX « » -2010 4.10-9.10 2010 . 5. .., .., . MDI // " - -2010" . 3- 9 2010 . -, . 1. . . , . . , . . . MDI-: // . . (2010) . 87, 8, . 812-821 2. .., .., .. .// -2010. . . .IV. 2010 .37-39 3. .., .. MDI, 2010.//. . .IV. 2010. .75-78 4. .., .., . MDI // " - -2010" . 3- 9 2010 . -, .205-208.. . .. 14 2010 . : MDI .

6.2.2. - , , , , - . , , , , / . , , . , . , . , , , , .., - / .
Gaimin Lu, Yue Liu, Youmei Wang, L. Stenflo, S.I. Popel, and M.Y. Yu, Fully Nonlinear Electrostatic Waves in Electron-Positron Plasmas, Journal of Plasma Physics 76, parts 3 & 4 (2010) 267-275.


2010 . -15 . , -15, . , « » (-15) 2011 .

122


1


-

« » 2010
( )

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( ) 1.1. ­ 1980 .. 1.2. ­ 350 .. , ( ) 6.1. ­ 120 .. 6.2. ­ 240 .. - ()

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2330

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1170 650 650 350 360

7. 8. 9.

340 330 120 6300

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124


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