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Vesel ovsky I. When and how the solar wind started to blow? Space Research Today, Number 174, pp. 67-68, 2009. I.S. Veselovsky. On the bifurcation in the Bondi model and trhe solar wind origin problem. Solar Wind 12. Twelfth International Solar Wind Conference, 21-26 June 2009, Saint Malo, France, Abstracts, p.217. Igor S. Veselvosky. Solar wind origins and statistical properties. (Invited talk), IAGA2 ­ 2009, "Solar Wind-Space Environment Interaction" Cairo, Egypt, December 4-8, 2009. (http://iaga.cu.edu.eg/).

1.1.2. 23- . , (2006), - 2007 . , STEREO, SOHO ACE . .
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3


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. , . , . . , , 5- " ", , 2009 A. Struminsky, I. Zimovets, B. Heber and A. Klassen, The role of large scale solar magnetic field for distribution of SEP in the 3D Heliosphere, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 31st ICRC (CD-rom), LODZ, July 2009 .. , 3D ULYSSES, .. " ". , .

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1. ( ) ( ). , III- 164, 237 327 , , . - ­ MDI/SOHO. Zimovets I., On the problem of solar energetic particle transport in 3D Heliosphere. Scientific workshop, ChristianAlbrechts-University Kiel, Germany, 20 April 2009. Zimovets I., A. Klassen, R. Gomez-Herrero, B. Heber and K.-L. Klein, Near-relativistic electron spikes in the interplanetary medium and their origin at the Sun. STEREO-3/SOHO-22 Workshop, Bournemouth, Dorset, England, April 27-May 1, 2009. .., . 54, , , 8 2009. .., . .. " ", , , 15 2009. .., .., ., . " : - -2009", , -, 5-10 2009.

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.., .. // " : - -2009", -, 5-11 2009. .:. , 2009. . 141-146. .., .. . // Abstracts of The 8th International Workshop on Magneto-Plasma Aerodynamics,March 31--April 2, 2009, Joint Institute of High Temperatures RAS, Moscow, Russia. P.102-103. Gubchenko V.M. From 1D current sheet approach to the 3D magnetosphere/solar streamer modeling in large scale kinetics // Abstracts of International Conference "Plasma-wave processes in the Earth's and planetary magnetospheres, ionospheres, and atmospheres". -- .: , 2009. -- . 36. GubchenkoV.M. On 3D Magnetosphere Topology Governed by the Shape of the Input Solar Wind VDF: New Large Kinetic Scales and Dimensionless Parameters in One Self-Consistent Analytical Kinetic Approach // The 6th Asia Oceania Geoscience Societ y Conference and the Annual General Meeting. 11-15 August 2009, Singapore. ST18-A003.

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11


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Georgoulis, M. K.; Rust, D. M.; Pevtsov, A. A.;Bernasconi, P. N.; Kuzanyan, K. M. Solar Magnetic Helicit y Injected into the Heliosphere: Magnitude, Balance, and Periodicities Over Solar Cycl e 23 The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 705, Issue1, pp. L48-L52 (2009). V. N. Obridko, B. D. Shelting, I. M. Livshits and A. B. Asgarov, Contrast of Coronal Holes and Parameters of Associated Solar Wind Streams, 2009, Solar Physics. Volume 260 Number 1, 191 - 206 .., . . " : 2009", .-, 467 -470 . ., . *., .. 23 ( , 2009, 36, 6,472-480) .. « » " : - 2009", .-, 331 336 .., .., . . , 2009

1.1.8. . , , . Vranjes et al. (2008) , - , . . , . , . , , , . «» . , , . . () , . , , , .
Tsap Yu.T.; Stepanov A.V.; Kopylova Y.G. Generation and propagation of AlfvÈn waves in solar atmosphere Proc. IAU Symposium «Generation and propagation of AlfvÈn waves in solar atmosphere». 2009, V.257. P.555-561. Stepanov A.V., Tsap Y.T., Kopyl ova Y.G. Stellar flare diagnostics from multi-wavelength observations. Abstract book of the XXVIIth General Assembl y of IAU. 2009. P.92. Yu. T. Tsap, A. V. Stepanov, Yu. G. Kopylova "Energy flux of Alfven waves in weakly ionized plasma and coronal heating of the Sun" ( Astron. Astrophys.)

5-
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Stepanov A.V. Zaitsev V.V., Kisliakov A.G., Urpo S.: Parametric interaction of coronal loops with p-modes //Comm. in Asteroseismology 159, 30-32 (2009)

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14


() . , , - . , . , «» , . , , (, , Mathioudacis, et al.,. A&A, 403, 1101, 2006). - EQ Peg B, . (2006). , . , . (2005), (6â107 ), (2.7â1011 -3) (540 ) . . Mathioudacis, et al. ( A&A, 403, 1101, 2006) «» , , , [7,8].

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.1. ) [19]. ) 4 2003 . EQ Peg B ( .1), Max I Max II ­ . P , P2 P3 . 1 Stepanov A.V., Tsap Y.T., Kopylova Y.G. Stellar flare diagnostics from multi-wavelength observations. Proc. IAU Symp. N 264. 2009 (in press). .., .., .., .. « Q Peg » ( . .)

15


12 , (NoRH) (NORP) (). -. 5 60 . , Q 25. , . : 1) 15­20 8­9 ( ), 2) ( ), 3) ( ), 4) - .
Koupriyanova E.G., Melnikov V.F., Nakariakov V.M., K. Shibasaki K. "Types of microwave pulsations in single flaring loops" Solar Physics 2009 (in press)

1.1.11. - . , (107-109 ) . . . «» . , (plasmo id-induced reconnect ion model) 15 2002 . , NoRH, CORONAS-F . . , - , , . . , .
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1.1.12. ) (2.12.2003, 31.07.2004, 25.01.2007), , , - 600 . - ,
16


. , (30 ­ 1 ) ( RHESSI ) , , ) () , -alpha. (), . ­2700 . . ) ( 0.7 ) (NoRH) (). ­ 20-150 , . "" .
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18


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1.1.14. . . , , . - () , . , [Bogod, Yasnov, 2008]: ; ; ; , . , , , . , , . ,
19


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1.1.15. .
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20


: =1.5Â5.5, µ =0.36Â0.45. 3. . AR 10933, -600 [4] µ =0.38. 4. . = 0.58 + 0.55 . . , , , ( - - ) , . ( ). - , -, , 0.5 . L.V. Yasnov, M. Karlicky. An Estimation of Spatial Variations of Magnetic Field and Superther ma l Electron Distribution in cm-Radio Burst Source. 2009, Solar Phys. DOI 10.1007/s11207-009-9453-3. Yasnov L.V., Karlicky M. On Spatial Variations of Magnetic Field and Superther ma l Electron Distribution in cm-Radio Burst Source. . 2009, . 143. L.V. Yasnov, M. Karlicky. Relation between the spatial distribution and spectral index of superther mal electrons in solar cm-radio burst sources. 2009, Astroph. Jornal Letters, . .. , .. . , 2009, 64,4, . 333­346

. 2 µ . ­ . . , , µ , ( ). . 1. µ . 2.

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22


N 1216 - "The secrets of the birth and the death of Galileo Galilei" Special Session SpS2 - The International Year of Astronomy 2009, POSTER N 1217 - "Differential Rotation of the Sun from helioseismology and magnetic field study" Joint Discussion JD11 - New Advances in Helio- and Astero-Seismology, ORAL « » , 2009 ., 1) . " " 2) . " - ". Conference « Synergies between solar and stellar modelling » , Rome , June 2009. 1) E. Gavryuseva "The modelling of the global structure of the photospheric magnetic field" 2) E. Gavryuseva "Longitudinal structure and rotation of the solar magnetic field"

1.2.
1.2.1. . , 87 1940 . , . , . , . 5 .
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. 1. : (>150 , ACS SPI). : ACS SPI RHESSI 6-12 100-300 . .. .. , 6 2006: , , 26 2009. .. .. , 6 2006 : , - , , 2009. A. Struminsky and I. Zimovets, Heating of solar flare plasma and particle acceleration, the STEREO-3/SOHO-22 Workshop "Three eyes on the Sun: Multiinstrument studies of the corona and impacts on the heliosphere" Bournemouth, England, on April 27 to May 1, 2009 A Struminsky, Relationship between plasma temperature and HXR intensity from INTEGRAL, WorkGroup 2, 9th RHESSI workshop, September 2009, Genova, Italy A Struminsky Cross calibration with anti-coincidence system of spectrometer on integral (acs spi), WorkGroup 3, 9th RHESSI workshop, September 2009, Genova, Italy A. Struminsky and I. Zimovets, Particle acceleration and heating of solar flare plasma, The Sun: from active t o quite, International Coronal Workshop, 19-23 October, 2009, FIAN, Moscow, Russia.

1.2.3. 20 2002 . , , RHESSI 3-50 . RHESSI , , : 14-17 36-37 . 36 . 16 , . , .
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c o u n t r a t e , RHESSI

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24


1.2.4. . : ( ) F=0. F - , . 6 : 17 2002 ., 17 2002 ., 6 2004 ., 4 2004 ., 6 2004 . 1 2004 . , . ( 10 arcsec) ( ). 4 6 2004 . , 4 , 6 - . 6 4 , , .

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25


O.G.Den, magnetic Moscow.

.., .. , . ( , 2009). Zimovets I.V. Regi ons of the primary energy release and their relation with peculiarities of potential field in solar flares. The Sun: from active to quiet (International coronal workshop), 19-23 October 2009,

1.2.5.

. , , , , , ­ , , «» . « » , . -, , , -, , III . - "" . , . III , -, , , , . III , .. , , , ( , ) -, . - , , , . , III , . . , : , , , , -. , , . , , -, .
26


. , - .
Zlotnik E.Ya., Zaitsev V.V., Aurass H., Mann G. A Special Radio Spectral Fine Structure Used for Plasma Diagnostics in Coronal Magnetic Traps // Solar Physics. 2009. V. 255. P.273-288. Zlotnik E.Ya. Origin of Zebra Pattern in Type IV Solar Radio Emission // Cent. Eur. Astrophys. Bull. 2009. V.33, 1. P.281-298. Zlotnik E.Ya., Zaitsev V.V., Aurass H. Zebra pattern in fast drifting solar radio bursts, Abstracts of IX-th Hvar Astrophysical Colloquium "Solar Minimum Meeting", Sept 2008, Hvar, Croatia, P.27.

1.2.6. " " ) 20.01.2005 : ? , . , , , . 1987­2008 . , , , = lg(J10/J100) (J10 J100 ­ E > 10 100 ), , , S (, 9 15 ) fm. ( S9/S15 1, fm 15 ) () ( 1.5). (S9/S15 1.5, fm 5 ), , () ( 1.5-2). , c (fm 30 ) , . , ( , ), , , . ) , ( , ). IDL , SOHO/EIT 195 å , () , , SOHO/MDI , . 70 23- , |Dst| > 100 .
27


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30


. , . . . ) 12.09.1999 , () . -, , SOHO/LASCO. , , , . , , . , , , . , , . 140 . , ­ 520 . . « EIT», . «» , ­ , . « EIT» , . , () , () , () , . - , EIT. , EIT. , . , . ) , , . , , ( / ) . ( ) . , . . ) . , .
31


, (> 1013 ) 109 /. 1-2 . , , 1970-1997 , . , , (). , 16 80 , 55±30 16% . : , <1000 .... , , . , 1000 ..., 80% , (~5 ), ( 55 ), . ) 23 . . SOHO , . , . , , 23 , - (http://www.wdcb.ru/index_ru/). 1 (1996 ­ 2007 .). , , , . , -, .
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1.2.7. 2009 : , . , , . . , ( ) . , 2009 -. - () . , HeII 304 , 0.05. , 2009 , , . FeIX 171 A, 1 , - . 12-13 2009 , 1 . FeIX 171 A, ­ , «» , HeII , . .
33


: - , , . - , , . - , 1, , ( 1 ). - 12-13 2009 , , , ,
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1.2.8. ,
34


) CaIIK 1907-2002 ., - 20- . CaII-K . Kodaikanal 1907-1999, Mount Wilso n 1915-1985, Sacramento Peak 1965-2002. , , . , . CaII-K . 19- . , (Foukal P., 1996, Geoph.Res.Lett., 23, 2169) Mount Wilso n - . 19- , , CaII-K . .
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) 23-24- . Nobeyama. . . 1,76 24- 23- , . - 1992-2007 . , .
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) - 400 .

35


- . , , 400 . , , .
.., .., .. « - : 400- », ., 35, .625, 2009

1.2.9. , , , , , , , , , ( ). , , , 104 . - , .. : . . . , (1971).
.. . , // . 2010. . 87, 1. 93-102 .., .., .. . 38- « », 02.02-06.02.2009. - , . 2009. . . 331. .. . . . , . .. , 2009 . .173-184. .. . , 6-10 2009 ., , , , . « : - -2009». . 167-172. .., .., .., .. . .. 173-174. .. . . 612 2009. ()

1.2.10. ) (). , u uC, , , . . . uC
36


, , u . , R < 6 R0 (R0 ­ ) F . , . R 10R0 F* << F. F* 0.1-0.2 R0 R LASCO C3. F F* << F . , STEREO A, B. , , . , «ice-cream cone» . , , . () (). . I 1083 , -2 . , SOHO/MDI, SOLIS -. Br, . , . , . , . ( 60). , 45. , , . , ­ . , , . , . ) , . , , . - ­ , . - ,
37


. . , . - ­ , . «» , . , .
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1.2.11. ) , . ­ : TRACE, SOHO/EIT SOHO/LASCO, LASCO ( 1998 . LASCO/C1). , .
38


, , . , . , , , , ; . , , , , , . . , . , . . . , , , , . , , . . « EIT»; , -, , , . , , II . , , , , , . , , -, . ). ­ (NoRH) 17 34 (RHESSI) ­ 17 2003. ­ , , 200 . , . , . , : (1) , , -, - ; (2) ,
39


; (3) , , , . , , .

. (a) ­ , (b, c) ­ 3 4, (d): . (a­c) TRACE 195 å, (d) BBSO H. RHESSI. "N1", "S2", "SR" . , TRACE (a), "F1 ­ F3". H, (d), N1 S2.

II , . , , , . . , . , , . . , -, , - . , , .

40


II .

,

3.

15/16.06.2000, 01/02.06.2002, 06.02.2002 07.02.2002 ., , , . . , SOHO/EIT 195 å 304 å, 01/02.06.2002. , 1­10 , , , , . 304 å. , ­ , , . 8000­9000 , . ~1015 , .
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41


2.
2.1.
2.1.1. , . , , , (). , . , 1976-2000, () , , , . , (1) 4,65 , (2) , - .

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2.1.2. « »

42


) , 23- . , 23- , (.. ). ( 2004 ( >30°) 2008 (10°) . , . ( 2009 ) . 23- (~7%), . 23- , . , BSS ( ) , ZO, . HPOL, ­ ZO , , BSS. , 23- . , , BSS, ZO HPOL, . FX, , . , , , ( ), . (1953-2008 .) (1957-2008 .). (~40 ) (3 ). 10 , , . ) , .. (). , .. HeI 10830 å 2003 . 2004-2009 . 1975-2003 , ( )
43


23- 24-. ) 3- . 2008 . , 5 (1957-2008 ) , , . 1965-2008 . ) - . 2008 . , 1957-2007 . . . 2009 .

. - .

23- , (GLE) -. , GLE - (CME) . ­ - , , GLE, , . , . ,

44


GLE, . ) , - , . - , , . (CME) , .

. , () () 1957-2006 .

, . 23- ( ) - , - . , , >5 % 20- 23. , 20-, 23- 50. 19- . ) , , (SSC) 1957-2006.

. SSC, .

45


, SSC , . 5 . ( -) ) . , (.).

. - 2001 .

, , . ) . Rin |BR| , R = 2.5 Rs. . , , . . Rin = F(|BR|)

46


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2.1.3. S-band X-band MARS-EXPRESS . , : ­ S- X-band ; ­ , p R<20RS (Rs- ) 3.2...3.4. R<7RS (0.02...0.06) . (R>20RS) p=3.67 ­ -; ­ , (10...40)RS; ­ , S- X-band (0.01...0.5) ; ­ , .
.., .., .., .., .., .. GALILEO // . 2009. . 54. 7. . 773-784. A.I. Efimov, N.A. Armand, L.A. Lukanina, L.N. Samoznaev, I.V. Chashey, and M.K. Bird. Investigation of coronal mass ejections by the two_position radio sounding method // Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2009. V. 49. 8. P. 1165-1169.

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.. , .. , .. , .. , .. , . . // . . 2010. A.I. Efimov, L.A. Lukanina, L.N. Samoznaev, I.V. Chashei, M.K. Bird, M.Paetzold, S. Tellmann. Quasi-periodic fluctuations detected in MARS-EXPRESS coronal radio sounding observations // Solar Wind 12, Saint-Malo, France, June 21-26, 2009 .Proc. A. I. Efimov, L. A. Lukanina, L.N. Samoznaev, V.K. Rudash, I.V. Chashei, M.K. Bird, M. PÄtzold, S. Tellmann. Coronal Radio

2.2.
2.2.1. () . -1. , , , .
.., .. , . 5- " ", , 2009. Khabarova O.V. and G.N. Zastenker. Sharp solar wind density changes and their connection with heliospheric current sheet. Geoph ysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 11, EGU2009-10186, EGU General Assembl y, Vienna, Austria, 19 ­ 24 April, 2009.

2.2.2. . , ( ) 0.1-1 . ( 1 ).

Riazantseva M.O., G.N. Zastenker, M.V. Karavaev, Intermittency of Solar Wind Ion Flux and Magnetic Field Fluctuations in the Wide Frequency Regi on from 10-5 up to 1Hz and the Influence of Sudden Changes of Ion Flux. Proceedings of Conference Solar Wind 12, ( ). .., .., .. , (0.01-1 ) . MSS-09 " , ", , 23 - 25 2009.

2.2.3. . 100-1500 , 1998-2000 -1 , Dst < -100 . III 1460 780 Sf = 10-15 ­ 10-17 /2 10 . 250 , ( ) . () , LASCO/SOHO , ACE Wind. -1
49


40 . , , .
.., . ., .., ., . , , , 2009, .47. 1. .17-24

2.2.4. . . , , . , () . -. . S+ S- :

S+ : S- :


u = u2 - u1 = ± f+ , u = u2 - u1 = ± f- ,
f± = By1 Bx , h2 - h1 1 + h2 z u, v zvA ,
-

v = v2 - v1 = ±+ si gn h v = v2 - v1 = ±- si gn h
± = h2 - h1 1 + h2 z vA1 ,

,

z=

p2 - p1 1 + (h2 + h1 ) , h2 - h1 2

hi =



.

, , - . ( R+ ) ( R- ) :

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u2 - u1 = m + ,

v2 - v1 = ± + si gnh,
- ( +1) 2

u2 - u1 = m - ,

v2 - v1 = m - si gnh, q± 2 dp,
1

p1 v A1 ± = 1 ( p / p1 ) p1 2 p 2

,

2 1 v p1 A1 ± = 1 - q± / 1 - pq± 2 dp 1 ( p / p1 ) p1 2 p 2 - , R+ - , R- - , q± -

- ( +1)

[(

)(

)]

:

50


dp p + = 0, 2 dq 1 - q q (1 - q)

= / (r - ) .

, , . , : p0 > pS+ h0 , h0 , p0 pS+ < pc ,

p0 < p

R+

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hc , hc , p0 ) . , ,

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u, v) .

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(.1) D=C ( ) , . 2 o = 8p / B , = B0 C = 30 = 175° : AC R+ A S- C S- AR+ ,


R+ - , S- - . , , . = 15° . . , , (pbs), Tp ,

Tp :
S+ pbs R+Tp S+ , S+Tp S+TpS+ , S+Sb R+ Sb r r r s r rr r
, , . , 2009 1. .
51


2. ( ) . 3. , . 4. , .
.. « ». « ». , 16-20 2009. .. « - ». « : - , 2009», , , 5-11 2009 . ... « ». « ». , 16-20 2009 . Grib.ppt http://solarwind.cosmos.ru/news.htm/ .., ... « ». , 2009, .49, 6, .768-776. ... « ». , 2010, .36, 1, .61-65. ... « - ». . « : - , 2009», , , 2009 . S.A.Grib, E.A.Puskar', "Some speci fic characteristics of the interplanetary shock wa ves in the solar wind". Planetary Space Science.. (in press).

2.2.5. ) PSR B0525+21 PSR B0531+21. 111 2005 2007 . . PSR B0531+21 : N R-2,7 R = 5-10RS (RS ­ ). R = 5 RS 1,4 â 10 4 -3 , . (R = 2,5 RS) , , . , 10RS . ). Mars Express S- X. f = fS ­ 3/11 fX 25 22 2004 . . , .. . .
52


. , 0.01 Hz < < 0.5 Hz, S- X-. , , . , ULYSSES 1991 . . , . , . 10 ­ 40 . ( , .) ) , Galileo, Ulysses, Nozomi, Viking, 15, 16 1 .. . - , : , . , . , . , . , . , . ( , .)
Fahr, H.-J. , Chashei, I. V. , Verscharen, D. Injection to the PUI regime from high energies and induced ion power laws // Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 505, Issue 1, 2009, pp.329-337 .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , . . GALILEO // . (J.Com.Tech.) V.54. No.7. P.765-775. 2009 I.V.Chashei, V. I. Shishov , T.V. Smirnova. Radio Sounding of the Outer Solar Corona by Polarized Pulsar Pulses // Solar Physics ( ) A. I. Efimov, L. A. Lukanina, L.N. Samoznaev, V.K. Rudash, I.V. Chashei, M.K. Bird, M. PÄtzold, S. Tellmann. Coronal Radio

Sounding Experiments with MARS-EXPRESS: Scintillation Spectra During Low Solar Activity // Solar Wind 12 Proc. ( )

.., .., .., .., .., .. // . . ( ) I.V.Chashei, V. I. Shishov , T.V. Smirnova. Radio Sounding of the Outer Solar Corona by Polarized Pulsar Pulses // Remote Sensing of the Inner Heliosphere, Aberyst wyth, Wales, 5-8 May, 2009 A. I. Efimov, L. A. Lukanina, L.N. Samoznaev, V.K. Rudash, I.V. Chashei, M.K. Bird, M. PÄtzold, S. Tellmann. Coronal Radio
Sounding Experiments with MARS-EXPRESS: Scintillation Spectra During Low Solar Activity // Solar Wind 12, Saint Malo, France, 21-26 June, 2009

2.3. ,
53


2.3.1. Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX).
2009 IBEX 200 6 ( IBEX NASA 2008 . IBEX ­ . ).

. ( ) . 1 V2 - 1 2. , V1 V2. (McComas et al., Science 2009)

, , 2-3 . . . , , ( ) . , . , , .
McComas D.J., Allegrini, F.; Bochsler, P.; Bzowski, M.; Christian, E.R.; Crew, G.B.; DeMajistre, R.; Fahr, H.; Fichtner, H.; Frisch, P.C.; Funsten, H.O.; Fuselier, S.A.; Gloeckler, G.; Gruntman, M.; Heerikhuisen, J.; Izmodenov, V.; Janzen, P.; Knappenberger, P.; Krimigis, S.; Kucharek, H.; Lee, M.; Livadiotis, G.; Livi, S.; MacDowall, R.J.; Mitchell, D.; MÆbius, E.; Moore, T.; Pogorelov, N.V.; Reisenfeld, D.; Roelof, E.; Saul, L.; Schwadron, N.A.; Valek, P.W.; Vanderspek, R.; Wurz, P.; Zank, G.P., Global Observations of the Interstellar Interaction from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX), Science, Volume 326, Issue 5955, pp. 959- 962 (2009). Schwadron, N.A.; Bzowski, M.; Crew, G.B.; Gruntman, M.; Fahr, H.; Fichtner, H.; Frisch, P.C.; Funsten, H.O.; Fuselier, S.; Heerikhuisen, J.; Izmodenov, V.; Kucharek, H.; Lee, M.; Livadiotis, G.; McComas, D.J.; Moebius, E.; Moore, T.; Mukherjee, J.; Pogorelov, N.V.; Prested, C.; Reisenfeld, D.; Roelof, E.; Zank, G.P., Comparison of Interstellar Boundary Explorer Observations with 3D Global Heliospheric Models, Science, Volume 326, Issue 5955, pp. 966-968 (2009). MÆbius, E.; Bochsler, P.; Bzowski, M.; Crew, G.B.; Funsten, H.O.; Fuselier, S.A.; Ghielmetti, A.; Heirtzler, D.; Izmodenov, V.V.; Kubiak, M.; and 10 coauthors, Direct Observations of Interstellar H, He, and O by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer, Science, Volume 326, Issue 5955, pp. 969-971 (2009).

2.3.2. 1 2 - ( ).
54


- , - . , 40-60 .. . 1 2, 1993 2003 . , - . , ( , ). , , , , , , , . , . , . . , , . , H- , -.
Quemerais E., R. Lallement and J.L. Bertaux, B.R. Sandel, V. Izmodenov and Y. Malama, Ultraviolet Glow from the Hydrogen Wall, Astrophys. Journal, accepted, 2009.

2.3.3. - . . , . , , , . . 1 , , . , (Izmodnov et al. 2009). .
Izmodenov V.V., Local Interstellar Parameters as they a re inferred from analysis of observations inside the heliosphere, Space Science Reviews, Volume 143, Numbers 1-4 / March 2009, pp. 139-150.

55


2.3.4. , . SOHO, Cassini Venus Express. , (). , , , ( , IBEX). 1 .. , , , 0.02 ­ 0.2 . , . 0.4 ­ 1.0 , . , 1 . , , 1 . SOHO/CELIAS, Cassini/INCA Venus Express .
Izmodenov V.V., Local Interstellar Parameters as they a re inferred from analysis of observations inside the heliosphere, Space Science Reviews, Volume 143, Numbers 1-4 / March 2009, pp. 139-150.

2.3.5. . . , , . , . , (. 1).

. 1. t=2 ( 1) t=5 ( 2): ( , ( __ ) ­ .

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) ­

56


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(i)
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x

0 y 0.375 .3. . .. . // . VI , 2009. . 40. .. . . // -09. 23-25 2009 .

57


2.3.6. 9 , «-24»., . . 1,5-2 . , (1,6 ) (), . , 0,2-0,8 /106 . 100-600 . , 500 . (250 600 ) . , . , -120 0C 1 .
.., , , N1, 2010

2.3.7. . , , , , , , . , , , , , , 80­120 . , , . 110­120 ­ . , .
.. . . ­ .: , 2009. ­ 308 . ISBN 978-5-7417-0317-5.

58


S.I. Kopnin, S.I. Popel, and M.Y. Yu, Phenomena Associated with Complex (Dusty) Plasmas in the Ionosphere During High­Speed Meteor Showers, Physics of Plasmas 16, No. 6 (2009) 063705, 7 pages.1

2.3.8. - ­ . , , , . , , , . «» ­ . ­ .
T.V. Losseva, S.I. Popel, A.P. Golub', and P.K. Shukla, Evol ution of Weakl y­Dissipative Hybrid Dust Ion­Acoustic Solitons in Complex Plasmas, Physics of Plasmas 16, No. 9 (2009) 093704, 5 pages.

2.3.9. , - . , , , . , ­ . 5 130 . , 110­130 , . , ­ 110­130 ­ , , , , 110­120 . , , 120 , ­ . 110­120 . 130 . (), .
.. , .. , .. , , 429, 2 (2009) 253­256. .. , .. , ­ , . . ­ .: , 2009, . 273-281.

­ 2009 . ­ Physics of Plasmas Research Highlight.

1

59


2.4.
2.4.1. -1. «» . ~0.5 . «» . (0) (0), , . , . (, , , ) .
.., .., .., .., , , 2009 ( ). .., .., .., .., « », ( ).

3.
3.1.
3.1.1. THEMIS , , . THEMIS. , , . , . , , 7 % . 3%. .

60


.. « ».
. ., . . , .. , . . , T HEMIS, , . Rossolenko, S.; Antonova, E.; Kirpichev, I.; Yermolaev, Yu., Interaction of Solar Wind with Earth's Magnetosphere and Formation of Magnetospheric Boundary La yers, SPACE PLASMA PHYSICS: School of Space Plasma Physics. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 1121, pp. 135-140, 2009. .., .., .., THEMIS, « » 17-20 2009 ., , , . 40. Rossolenko S.S., E.E.Antonova, I.P. Kirpichev, Magnetopause pressure balance in subsolar point during northward IMF orientation and high level of turbulence in magnetosheath in accordance with THEMIS data, IAGA-2009 abstracts, Sopron, Hungary, 23-30 August 2009, 301-MON-O0945-0031. Antonova E.E.,M.V. Stepanova, I.P. Kirpichev, S.S. Rossolenko, I.L. Ovchinniko, K.G. Orlova, M.S. Pulinets , Turbulence and stress balance in the magnetosphere of the Earth, Nonlinear magnetosphere Conference, Schedule of talks, January 19-23, 2009, Vina del Mar, Chile, p. 3. Antonova E.E., Turbulence in magnetosheath and the problem of plasma penetration inside the magnetosphere, Abstracts of the 2009 ILWS Workshop, The Influence of Solar Variability on Geoph ysical and Heliospheric Phenomena, Ubatuba, Brazil, October 4-9, 2009, TU01. Rossolenko S.S., E.E.Antonova, I.P. Kirpichev, Magnetopause pressure balance in subsolar point during northward IMF orientation and high level of turbulence in magnetosheath in accordance with THEMIS data, IAGA-2009 abstracts, Sopron, Hungary, 23-30 August 2009, 301-MON-O0945-0031

3.1.2. ( 7 Re ) THEMIS. . . 7 10 THEMIS. , . . . , , ­ .
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3.1.3. : . . , : , . :
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, . BZ . , , BZ , , . , . , /, .
Borodkova N.L. and G.N. Zastenker. Influence of the large and sharp solar wind pressure pulses on the magnetosphere: several case studies, Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 11, EGU2009-0-3692, 2009, EGU General Assembl y, Vienna, Austria, 19 ­ 24 April, 2009. Borodkova N.L. and G.N. Zastenker. Solar wind pressure pulses effect on the magnetosphere: several case studies, 6th Annual General Meeting of AOGS, Singapor, 11 - 15 August, 2009, p.198. .. : . . ., 2010, 48, 1, . 1­15.

3.1.4. 0.5-5 . . .
.., .. , .O. , . , . . 0.2-5 , . , .. , .., .., ., .., 0.2-5 . 5- " ", , 2009.

3.1.5. . , () (), , . , , , , , , . , , .
62


Amata E., S.P. Savin, D.Ambrosino, Y. Bogdanova, R. Treumann, M. F. Marcucci, S. Romanov, A.Skalsky, High kinetic energy density jets in the Earth's magnetosheath: a case study. J. Geophys. Res., submitted 2009. Savin S., L. Zelenyi, G. M. Polishchuk et al., ROY - a multiscale magnetospheric mission in collaboration with Cross-Scale and SCOPE. Planetary and Space Science, submitted 2009.

3.1.6. . , , , . . , . , . Dst , Q, V Bz. Q*tau, tau - . OMNI. Dst 38 1978 2000 , 2001 . Dst , , 25-30%. Dst, 1-3 . 10 .
Podladchikova T.V., A.A. Petrukovich, The storm-time Dst index prediction based on the measurements of the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field. 9th Ukrainian Conference on Space Research, 31 Aug - 5 Sept, 2009, Evpatoria, Ukraine Abstracts, p.9. Podladchikova T.V., A.A. Petrukovich, Magnetic Storm Strength Forecast With Increased Prediction Time. "The Sixth European Space Weather Week", 16-20 Nov 2009, Brugge, Belguim.

3.1.7. . , - 1859 . c . , . . - , , . , . , , 2-3 1859 ., . 1 1859 . .
63


, . , , . «» , - , 1-3 .
.., ., .., .., , .., 1859­1860 . , , 2009, .49, 2, . 174-179. .., .., .., .., 2­3 1859 . , , 2009, .49, 2, . 163-173.

3.1.8. 23- . . , , . , , . .
.., .., .., , 23- , , 2009, .49, 4, . 435-445.

3.1.9. . . , , , : 1) , 2) 3) .
Romanov S. A., S. P. Savin, E. Amata, M. Dunlop.Magnetic field turbulence and regular oscillations in terrestrial cusp and its vicinities. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10, EGU2009-A-04911, 2009. Romanov S. A., E. Amata, M. Dunlop, S. P. Savin. . « », 16 - 20 2009 , -16. . Romanov S.A. Evidence of a resonant nature of turbulent energy transformation in the egion of the solar wind interaction with the Earth. " , ", (-09) 23 25 2009 . . .

64


.

3.1.10. - -1. -1 ( ), . , . , , , - .
.

3.1.11. . OMNI 1976-2000 798 Dst < -50 : CIR (145 ), Sheath (96); (62); Ejecta (161), 334 . , Dst . , , , : (1) , : MC Ejecta, Sheath , (2) , « » .
.., .. , .. , .. , , , 2010 ( ) Yermolaev Y.I., N.S. Nikolaeva I.G. Lodkina, M.Yu. Yermolaev, Specific interplanetary conditions for CIR-, Sheath-, and ICME-induced geomagnetic storms obtained by double superposed epoch analysis, Adv.Space Res., 2010 (in press)

3.1.12. . - , . ; . , , . - , ( ). - ( ) CME 40-60% , .
65


- « ». - ICME (Sheath + MC) 60-80%. - CIR (Corotating Interaction Region) 20-35%. - «peak-to-peak»- Dst ­ Bz Dst ­ Ey , MC, Sheath CIR, . - Bz- , Dst- ­ Sheath, .. Sheath , . , Sheath. , , , .
.. , .. , : , , 2009, T. 8, 1, . 5­35 . ., . . , : , , 2009 ( )

3.2.
3.2.1. , . 170 Cluster () ( ~ -15 - -19 RE) , (f ~ 0.004 ­ 0.02 ) , . , , , . 1 - 4 5 - 20 RE. , 0.02·10-3 /2·, 0.08·10-3 /2·. , . , . , , , . - (-) . ­ , . , , , . , ,
66


. . , , . , CLUSTER, , , .
Grigorenko E.E., T.M. Burinskaya, M. Shevelev, J.-A. Sauvaud, L.M. Zelenyi, Ultra low-frequency waves associated with high-energy ion flows in the PSBL of the Earth magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., submitted 2009.

3.2.2. Cluster. Cluster , , 1000 /. , , , . , -, , . -, X- , , . Cluster , , . X- . Cluster ( ), , , ~ 1600 , , ~1 RE. ~ , , .
Grigorenko E.E., Hoshino M., Hirai M., Mukai T., Zelenyi L.M., "Geography" of ion acceleration in the magnetotail. X-line versus Current Sheet effects, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A03203, doi:10.1029/2008JA013811, 2009. Grigorenko E.E., L.M. Zelenyi, M.S. Dolgonosov, J.-A. Sauvaud, Spatial and temporal structures in the vicinity of the Earth's tail magnetic separatrix. Cluster observations, Book of Proceedings of 15th Cluster Workshop and CAA School, p.p. 435-453, 2009. Zelen yi L.M., M.Dolgonosov, E.E. Grigorenko, J.-A. Sauvaud, Peculiarities of the non-adiabatic ion acceleration in the current sheet of the Earth magnetotail, in Future Perspectives of Space Plasma and Particle Instrumentation and International Collaborations edited by M. Hirahara, I. Shinohara, Y. Miyoshi, N. Terada, and T. Mukai, American Institute of Physics, p.p.5-14, 2009.

3.2.3. . () , . ,
67


( 10 ) . 110 Re . , X- ( X-). , -, .
Grogorenko E., R. Koleva. Variability of discrete plasma structures in the lobe-plasma sheet interface, Compt. Rend. Acad. Bulg. Sci. v.62, No11, 1449-1456, 2009 .., ., .. .-., : ?,. , 200,9

3.2.4. . 2001-2007 49 (). , Bz . 17­20 RE . 11­17 RE , . , 200-300 /. (). ( 100 /). .

: .

Petrukovich, A. A., W. Baumjohann, R. Nakamura, and H. Reme, Tailward and earthward flow onsets observed by Cluster in a thin current sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A09203, doi:10.1029/2009JA014064, 2009

68


3.2.5. By : . 11 By . , ( GSM). By ( ). . By , ­ . By - . , ( 15 ), . By . . , By ( 5 ). 20-25 % . .
A.A.Petrukovich Dipole tilt effects in plasma sheet By: statistical model and extreme values Ann. Geophys., 27, 1343­1352, 2009

3.2.6. . 1 . . . 0.2-0.02 2.4-2.6. . 0.2 3, . 1.5. () (, ) +2*=5, 5.5.
Petrukovich A.A. and D.V. Malakhov, Variability of magnetic field spectra in the Earth's magnetotail, Nonlinear processes in geophysics, 2009.

3.2.7. , 1 . . , . , . , . .
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40 . . , ( ), ( ). , , .
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3.2.8. . -2 -5 , .
8000

6000

y=x

T .

4000

, 5 , , .

2000 2000 4000

T.,

6000

8000

(1) c (2) . , , , , , . , . , -, .
Kotova G.A., M.I. Verigin, V.V. Bezrukikh, V.V. Bogdanov, On the outward drift of plasmaspheric ions during magnetic storms as a reason for temperature decreasing, I , (), 23-30 2009, 304-FRI-O1430-0219.

70


3.2.9. 27-29.02.1997 . 27-29.02.1997. (20-22MLT) , . , , , - . , , . 27-29.02.1997 ( 2.440 eV, , .
.., .., .., . « », 17-20 2009 ., , «», .7.

3.2.10. ~20000 . -2 ~20000 . Akebono, . /. - . , . , , . + , ( , ), + . , + , + . -2 TUBE-7 1997 . -3 0.5-2 0.6 -3 NH 21 / 23 / VH T
||=3500

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71

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THe NO VO TO

7500 0.1 -3 5 / 10000

2500 0.4 -3 1 / 1000

, , . , 18000 . .
.. -2, , 47, 6, 2009. Chugunin D. Ion distribution function characteristics of the polar wind on ~20000 km altitudes. IAGA-2009 abstracts, Sopron, Hungary, 23-30 August 2009, 303-FRI-01415-0202O0945-0031.

3.2.11. . Bz ( ) , . , , , . , . . , , , . ( CLUSTER) . , , . . , : "" ( , ), «» ­ . ( ) «» 30% . . , , , , . 22 , Cluster , , . , Cluster 2001 2004 , 2000 1000 km, Cluster 2003 , 200 km. , ,
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. .
.., .. , .. , .. , .. , , « »,2009, .35, 1, 83-93. .., .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , , - . . 12. . 1. (2008) 122-123. Artemyev A.V., A. A. Petrukovich, L. M. Zelenyi, R. Nakamura, H. V. Malova, and V. Y. Popov, Thin embedded current sheets: Cluster observations of i on kinetic structure and analytical models, Ann. Geophys., 27, 4075­4087, 2009, www.ann-geophys.net/27/4075/2009) Artemyev V., A. A. Petrukovich, L. M. Zelenyi, H. V. Malova, V. Y. Popov, R. Nakamura, A. Runov, and S. Apatenkov, Comparison of multi-point measurements of current sheet structure and analytical models, Annales Geoph ysicae, 26, 2749­2758, 2008, www.ann-geophys.net/26/2749/2008/© European Geosciences Union 2008.

3.2.12. . . ­ . . , RCM. , . . , , . , , .
Vovchenko V. V., E.E. Antonova, Magnetic field distortion in the process of plasma convection in the magnetosphere of the Earth: Preliminary results of m odeling, Proceedings of the 32th annual seminar, 3-6 2009 ., Apatitu, Russia, 2009, in press . ., .. , , « » 17-20 2009 ., , , . 48.

3.2.13. . , CAWSES (Kyoto Symposium, 2007). , Geotail, Interball Cluster. , , . , ( ), «-»- . «- » - , . («Ulysses», SOHO, TRACE, RHESSI, «Hinode», STEREO) («-» .) , (SDO, «Solar Probe», «Solar Orbiter», «»,
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«» .). -. « » . (, , ), , , . , , . - . , , .
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3.2.14. () . , 1) ; 2) ( ) ; 3) , , . , . «» . «» . , . «» . . «» .
74


. .
.. . ( )

3.3.
3.3.1. . ELF-ULF . Xe+ «25», «-3». ; - . m LH. ELF-ULF |m - be|/LH ~ 1.
Nikolay V. Baranets, Yackov P. Sobolev, Yuriy Ya. Ruzhin, Hanna Rothkaehl, Nikolay S. Erokhin, Valeriy V. Afonin, Jaroslav Vojta, and Jan Smilauer, Excitation of HF and ULF-VLF wa ves during charged particle beams injection in active space experiment, J. Plasma Fusion Res. Series, 8, 251-256, 2009.

3.3.2. . . ). , , , DEMETER. , DEMETER, ~ 700--660 , . , , , . L- , , , . ,
75


L-, , , .
Shklyar D. R., M. Parrot, J. Chum, O. Santolik, E. E. Titova, On the origin of lower-and upper- frequency cutoffs on wedge-like spectrograms observed by DEMETER in the mid-latitude ionosphere. - to be published in JGR.

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Nemec F., M. Parrot, O. Santolik, C.J. Rodger, M. J. Rycroft, M. Ha yosh, D. Shklyar, and A. Demekhov, Survey of magnetospheric line radiation events observed by the DEMETER spacecraft.- J. Geophys. Res. (2009), v. 114, A05203, doi:10.1029/2008JA014016.

). , , . , , . . : () , ; . :
Shklyar David and Hiroshi Matsumoto, Oblique Whistler-Mode Waves in the Inhomogeneous Magnetospheric Plasma: Resonant Interactions with Energetic Charged Particles.- Surveys in Geophysics (2009), v. 30, pp. 55-104. DOI 10.1007/s10712-009-9061-7.

3.3.3. . . , . . , , «- », , , . . , . , , « - ». . ,
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. , , , . . .
Zelen yi Lev, Anton Artemyev, Helmi Malova, Alexander V. Milovanov, Gaetano Zimbardo, Particle transport and acceleration in a time-varying electromagnetic field with a multi-scale structure, Physics Letters A, 372, 6284-6287, 2008, doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2008.08.035, Elsevier. .., .. , .. , .. , , , . 89, . 9, .528-534, 2009. Artemyev V., L. M. Zelenyi, H. V. Malova, G. Zimbardo, and D. Delcourt, Acceleration and transport of ions in turbulent current sheets:formation of non-maxwelian energy distribution, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 16, 631­639, 2009, www.nonlin-processes-geophys.net/16/631/2009/.

3.3.4. . , , . , , . , , , . . , , . , , , . . "Plasma Phys ics and Controlled Fusio n", Vol. 51 (2009) 115011, "-09" ( , 23-25 2009 .) . 0 = H/2. , , . , , , , , . , , , , , . , . , ,
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.. . -09 , . , - URSS, , 2009, .44-49.

3.3.5. . . . - . - . , . , - , . . , , , . , . . . Physical Review E. . , . ; (, «» ). «-», . «» . , . «» . , , , . .

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. ef ef , .
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3.3.8. . . , , . . .
.. , .. . . XLV , , . . . ., , 2009, .122-123.

3.3.9. , () , -2 ( ). () -2 -1 -2 ( 1000 1995-2000 .). , . 10 (Lutsenko V. N., Kudela K., Almost monoenergetic io ns near the Earth`s magnetospheric boundaries. Geophys. Res. Letters, 26, 3, 413-415, 1999) (A. Klassen, et al., STEREO/SEPT observat ions of upstream part icle events: almost monoenergetic io n beams, Ann. Geophys., 27, 2077­2085, 2009), 60 . 2009 . . : - , , , - 3- , , - , - - . , , H+ He2+. : Np/Na ~20.

81


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84


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85


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3.3.11. SPEAR SPEAR 2006 . 1 . . [Belova et ., 1995; Pashin ., 1995] . 4
86


- , , . , . 11 2006, 15:50:50 16:50:32 UT 12 2006, 05:31:52 - 06:30:02 UT. H- 11 5. 3 . 16.10 16.20 UT. . SuperDARN 5. , . 12 2006 ( 6). . , . Pc1, [Bosinger et al., 2000]. 15 2006 , , 12 . - 2, , 15 , 12 , . , ( , 2009). , , , , D . .
.., .. 1 . , 2009.

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87


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: () Pd- , . () (MRD) . , , MRD . ) . , , AE. , . , , Bz . , , . , ? , est 5 = AE ­ est. , . 5 , . , 2003 . 2004 . , 2005 . . , 5 . , , , . , , , , . . - , ,
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( FTE ). , , . ) - - , . , , . , , . , , . . : , , .
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89


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) . , : 1) 2 , L = r / R s in = L ( r , - , R - ), , ; 2) , , , , . , , . * , L = L . , , L* 6.6 . , , - , .
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3.5.2. . , , (Pugacheva et al., 2002 ) AMS co lla bo rat io n Pa me la. , (~1015 /) (~1018 /). SHIELD (Deme nt ye v&So bo le vsk y, 1999) , , , et c. , , ~ 1020 . , ~ 4000 /21 L =1. 4 E~175 . - . , , . 100 /21 , . ~10 /21 , . 3.5.3. « » . «-2» , . III ­ , , . , , . III .. .. . , «-2», ­ , , . (. .1). , .

92


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, «» . , , . , « » , 100 . « » . , . « ». « » . , (Gordon M. and Warwick K., Astrophys. J., 148, 511-533, 1967), . « » (Ima i K., et al., J. Geophys. Res., 102, 7127-7136, 1997). , . ( ), . , , , , « ». . 1. , « ». IFT ­ , , PEFT ­ , . Imai et al. 1992b . . . . 3: " , "; IFT - , ; PEFT , (e) (o) , , .. . , , . n = | n e - n o |<< 1 , n e n o - . l ( l = 0 , ± 1 , ± 2 , ± 3 K ) - - l l x = â R ,
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t = x / V , R ­ , V - , . , , .. « ». , , , « » « ». , . , -6 8 l ( tg 1 ) l 1,5 â 10 , x l 10 , t l 30 , « ».
l l

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3.5.6. , . - . - . . . . . , - . . , . - , , . .
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3.5.7. , .

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4.1.2. . . 4 2003 . GPS -. . 4 , GOES . . , - , , . , , , , , , .
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102


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4.1.5. 1D . ,
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4.1.6. , , . , . , . - , .1. , [Kozelov, 2003; Kozelov and Rypdal, 2007; Go lovchanskaya et al., 2008]. , () . , . ( ). : 1) 10 , , 2) ~ E-2, 100 200 , . .2. ­ . , . , , - 3-5 [Abry et al., 2000]. : 1) , 2) , 3) .

104


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105


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4.2.
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4.2.2. . , . , . , , , , . -15,16, 80...1000 , -. . , . , ~103 -3. .
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5.
5.1.
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109


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.. , .. , .. , .. . , 2D 3D // XXXVI () , . , 9-13 2009., .188. .. , .. , .. , .. . He I 667.8 // XXXVI () , . , 9-13 2009., .199. .. , .. , .. . X // XXXVI () , . , 9-13 2009., .248. A.G. Frank, S.G. Bugrov, V.S. Markov. Enhancement of the guide field during the current sheet formation in the three-dimensional magnetic configuration with an X line // Physics Letters A 2009. V. 373(16), P. 1460-1464. .. . // -15 « », , , 16-20 2009 . .. , .. . // -15 « », , , 16-20 2009 . ... , // -15 « », , , 16-20 2009 . A.G. Frank. Impulsive phase of magnetic reconnection in current sheets formed in 3D and 2D magnetic configurations // Abstract of the 10-th International Workshop on the Interrelationship bet ween Plasma Experiments in Laboratory and Space (IPELS) 8-12 June 2009, DjurÆnÄset, Sweden. .., .., .. , // 2010, . 35(3), . .. , .. , .. . // XIX ( XIX) 22-29 2009 ., - . . , 2010, . A.G. Frank. Unsteady magnetic reconnection in laboratory experiments with current sheets // Abstract of the 51-th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Societ y ­ Division of Plasma Physics (APS-DPP09) November 2-6, 2009, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. Bulletin of the American Physical Societ y 2009, V.54, 15, P.176.

5.1.2.

111


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112


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I F Shaikhislamov, V M Antonov, Yu P Zakharov, E L Boyarintsev, A V Melekhov, V G Posukh and A G Ponomarenko. «Laboratory simulation of field aligned currents in an experiment on laser-produced plasma interacting with a magnetic dipole» Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 51 (2009) 105005, doi:10.1088/07413335/51/10/105005

5.2.
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113


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114


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115


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116


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