Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://star.arm.ac.uk/~jgd/outgoing/PAPERS/BP/aa.cls Дата изменения: Fri Nov 9 18:42:33 2007 Дата индексирования: Sat Dec 22 01:46:01 2007 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: redshift survey

% This is aa.cls
% A&A DOCUMENT CLASS -- version 6.1 for LaTeX2e
%
% LaTeX document class for Astronomy and Astrophysics journal
%
%%
%%
%% \CharacterTable
%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
\ProvidesClass{aa}[2006/06/01 v6.1
^^JLaTeX document class for Astronomy and Astrophysics journal]
\newcommand\@ptsize{}
\newif\if@restonecol
\newif\if@titlepage
\@titlepagefalse
\newif\if@longauth
\@longauthfalse
\newif\if@online
\@onlinefalse
\newif\if@rnote
\@rnotefalse
\newif\if@oldversion
\@oldversionfalse
\newif\if@letter
\@letterfalse

%
\DeclareOption{a4paper}
{\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
\setlength\paperwidth {210mm}}
\DeclareOption{letterpaper}
{\setlength\paperheight {11in}%
\setlength\paperwidth {8.5in}}
\DeclareOption{legalpaper}
{\setlength\paperheight {14in}%
\setlength\paperwidth {8.5in}}
\DeclareOption{10pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{0}}
\DeclareOption{11pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{1}}
\DeclareOption{12pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{2}}
\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue \@mparswitchtrue}
\DeclareOption{draft}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}}
\DeclareOption{final}{\setlength\overfullrule{0pt}}
\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@twocolumntrue}
\DeclareOption{leqno}{\input{leqno.clo}}
\DeclareOption{fleqn}{\input{fleqn.clo}}
\DeclareOption{openbib}{%
\AtEndOfPackage{%
\renewcommand\@openbib@code{%
\advance\leftmargin\bibindent
\itemindent -\bibindent
\listparindent \itemindent
\parsep \z@
}%
\renewcommand\newblock{\par}}%
}
%
\DeclareOption{longauth}{\@longauthtrue}
\DeclareOption{rnote}{\@rnotetrue}
\DeclareOption{oldversion}{\@oldversiontrue}
\DeclareOption{letter}{\@lettertrue}
%
\let\if@runhead\iffalse
\DeclareOption{runningheads}{\let\if@runhead\iftrue}
\let\if@envcntreset\iffalse
\DeclareOption{envcountreset}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue}
\let\if@envcntsect\iffalse
\DeclareOption{envcountsect}{\let\if@envcntsect\iftrue}
\let\if@referee\iffalse
\DeclareOption{referee}{\let\if@referee\iftrue}
\let\if@onecolumn\iffalse
\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\let\if@onecolumn\iftrue}
\let\if@nyobjects\iffalse
%
\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,twoside,twocolumn,fleqn,final,10pt,runningheads}
\ProcessOptions
\AtEndOfClass{\mathindent\z@}
%
\if\@ptsize 0
%
\renewcommand\normalsize{%
\@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt{11}%
\abovedisplayskip 8.55\p@ \@plus4\p@ \@minus5\p@
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\let\@listi\@listI}
\normalsize
\newcommand\small{%
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\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@
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\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
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\newcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}}
%
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\setlength\bigskipamount{12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
\setlength\headheight{12\p@}
\setlength\headsep {12\p@} %
\setlength\topskip {10\p@}
\setlength\footskip{30\p@}
\setlength\maxdepth{.5\topskip}
%
\@settopoint\textwidth
\setlength\marginparsep {10\p@}
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\setlength\oddsidemargin {-30\p@}
\setlength\evensidemargin {-30\p@}
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\setlength\partopsep{2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\parsep \z@
\topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
\itemsep\parsep}
\let\@listI\@listi
\@listi
\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
\labelwidth\leftmarginii
\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
\topsep \z@
\parsep \topsep
\itemsep \parsep}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
\labelwidth\leftmarginiii
\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
\topsep \z@
\parsep \topsep
\itemsep \parsep}
\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
\labelwidth\leftmarginiv
\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listv {\leftmargin\leftmarginv
\labelwidth\leftmarginv
\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
\labelwidth\leftmarginvi
\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\else
\input{size1\@ptsize.clo}
\fi
%
\let\footnotesize\small
%
\setlength{\textwidth}{184mm}
\setlength{\textheight}{705pt}
%
\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}
\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}
\renewcommand\baselinestretch{}
\setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus \p@}
\@lowpenalty 51
\@medpenalty 151
\@highpenalty 301
%
\setcounter{topnumber}{4}
\renewcommand\topfraction{.9}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{2}
\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.5}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{6}
\renewcommand\textfraction{.05}
\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.95}
\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{3}
\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{.9}
\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.95}
%
\def\ps@headings{%
\let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
\def\@evenhead{\small\rlap{\thepage}\hfil\leftmark\hfil}%
\def\@oddhead{\small\hfil\rightmark\hfil\llap{\thepage}}%
\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
\let\sectionmark\@gobble
\let\subsectionmark\@gobble
}
% make indentations changeable
\def\setitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
\leftmargini\labelwidth
\advance\leftmargini\labelsep
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
\parsep=\parskip
\topsep=\medskipamount
\itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
\def\setitemitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
\leftmarginii\labelwidth
\advance\leftmarginii\labelsep
\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
\labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
\parsep=\parskip
\topsep=\z@
\itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
% labels of description
\def\descriptionlabel#1{\hspace\labelsep #1\hfil}
% adjusted environment "description"
% if an optional parameter (at the first two levels of lists)
% is present, its width is considered to be the widest mark
% throughout the current list.
\def\description{\@ifnextchar[{\@describe}{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@
\itemindent-\leftmargin \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}}
\let\enddescription\endlist
%
\def\describelabel#1{#1\hfil}
\def\@describe[#1]{\relax\ifnum\@listdepth=0
\setitemindent{#1}\else\ifnum\@listdepth=1
\setitemitemindent{#1}\fi\fi
\list{--}{\let\makelabel\describelabel}}
%
\newdimen\logodepth
\logodepth=1.3cm
\newdimen\headerboxheight
\headerboxheight=143pt
\newdimen\betweenumberspace % dimension for space between
\betweenumberspace=3.33pt % number and text of titles.
\newdimen\aftertext % dimension for space after
\aftertext=5pt % text of title.
\newdimen\headlineindent % dimension for space between
\headlineindent=1.166cm % number and text of headings.
\def\andname{and}
\def\keywordname{Key words.}
\def\lastandname{, and}
\def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}
\def\email#1{{e-mail: \tt#1}}
% Used only by the publisher
\def\AASection#1{}
%
\newcounter{inst}
\newcounter{auth}
\newdimen\instindent
\newbox\authrun
\newtoks\authorrunning
\newbox\titrun
\newtoks\titlerunning

\def\journalname#1{\gdef\@journalname{#1}}
\gdef\@journalname{Astronomy \&\ Astrophysics}

\def\headnote#1{\gdef\@headnote{#1}}
\def\@headnote{}

\def\dedication#1{\gdef\@dedic{#1}}
\def\@dedic{}

\let\@date\undefined

\if@oldversion
\long\def\abstract#1{\gdef\@abstract{#1}}
\else
\long\def\abstract#1#2#3#4#5{\gdef\@abstract{\number@fw@rds=0%
\if!#1!\advance\number@fw@rds-1 \else{\sffamily\itshape Context.}\ \pickupw@rd#1\\\let\WC@go\relax\fi
{\sffamily\itshape Aims.}\
\if!#2! \@latex@error{The second heading "Aims" is mandatory in the abstract}{}
{\it The second heading "Aims" is mandatory in the abstract}\\
\else\advance\number@fw@rds+1\pickupw@rd#2\\\let\WC@go\relax\fi
{\sffamily\itshape Methods.}\
\if!#3! \@latex@error{The third heading "Methods" is mandatory in the abstract}{}
{\it The third heading "Methods" is mandatory in the abstract}\\
\else\advance\number@fw@rds+1\pickupw@rd#3\\\let\WC@go\relax\fi
{\sffamily\itshape Results.}\
\if!#4! \@latex@error{The forth heading "Results" is mandatory in the abstract}{}
{\it The forth heading "Results" is mandatory in the abstract}\\
\else\advance\number@fw@rds+1\pickupw@rd#4\let\WC@go\relax\fi
\if!#5! \else\\\advance\number@fw@rds+1{\sffamily\itshape Conclusions.}\ \pickupw@rd#5\let\WC@go\relax\fi
\ifnum\number@fw@rds>400
\@latex@error{Around \number\number@fw@rds\space words in the abstract instead of 300}{}
\else\relax\fi}}
\fi

\def\keywords#1{\gdef\@keywords{#1}}

\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}}

\def\institutename{\par
\begingroup
\parindent=0pt
\parskip=0pt
\setcounter{inst}{1}%
\def\and{\par\stepcounter{inst}%
\hangindent\instindent
\noindent
\hbox to\instindent{\hss$^{\theinst}$\enspace}\ignorespaces}%
\setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@institute}
\ifnum\value{inst}>9\relax\setbox0=\hbox{$^{88}$\enspace}%
\else\setbox0=\hbox{$^{8}$\enspace}\fi
\instindent=\wd0\relax
\ifnum\value{inst}=1\relax
\else
\setcounter{inst}{1}%
\hangindent\instindent
\noindent
\hbox to\instindent{\hss$^{\theinst}$\enspace}\ignorespaces
\fi
\small
\ignorespaces
\@institute\par
\endgroup}

\def\offprints#1{\begingroup
\def\protect{\noexpand\protect\noexpand}\xdef\@thanks{\@thanks
\protect\footnotetext[0]{\unskip\hskip-1.5em{\it Send offprint requests
to\/}: \ignorespaces#1}}\endgroup\ignorespaces}

\def\mail#1{\gdef\@mail{#1}}
\def\@mail{}

\def\@thanks{}

\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or{\star\star\star}%
\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or
\mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
\or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi\relax}

\def\inst#1{\unskip$^{#1}$}
\def\fnmsep{\unskip$^,$}

\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}
\def\@subtitle{}

\def\msnr#1{\gdef\@msnr{#1}}
\def\@msnr{}

\def\idline#1#2{\gdef\@idline{#1}\setcounter{page}{#2}}
\def\@idline{}
\def\doi#1{\gdef\@doi{DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:#1}}
\def\@doi{(DOI: will be inserted by hand later)}

\def\headnote#1{\gdef\@headnote{#1}}
\def\@headnote{}

\def\ch@ckobl#1#2{\@ifundefined{@#1}
{\typeout{A\string&A warning: Missing
\expandafter\string\csname#1\endcsname}%
\csname #1\endcsname{#2}}
{}}

\def\ch@ckoblabs#1#2#3#4#5#6{\@ifundefined{@#1}
{\typeout{A\string&A warning: Missing
\expandafter\string\csname#1\endcsname}%
\csname #1\endcsname{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}
{}}

\newif\if@normhead \@normheadtrue
\def\hugehead{\@normheadfalse
\onecolumn
\let\thanks=\footnote
\long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent\bibindent
\columnwidth\textwidth\advance\columnwidth -\columnsep
\divide\columnwidth\tw@\hsize\columnwidth \linewidth\columnwidth
\noindent\hbox to\parindent{\hss$\m@th^{\@thefnmark}$ }##1}%
}

\newcommand\errorref{\@latex@error{Citations are not allowed in the abstract}{}}
\newenvironment{stopref}{\let\cite\errorref\let\citet\errorref\let\citep\errorref}{}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% This counts the words. This is an extract of "gvol.sty,
% written by Ivan Andrus (gvol@math.byu.edu)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newcount\number@fw@rds
\long\def\pickupw@rd#1 {%
\let\WC@go\pickupw@rd #1
\advance\number@fw@rds+1
\expandafter\WC@go
}
% End of wordcount section

\def\maketitle{\par
\ch@ckobl{journalname}{Noname}
\ch@ckobl{date}{Preprint online version: \today}
\ch@ckobl{title}{A title should be given}
\ch@ckobl{author}{Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s) should be given}
\ch@ckobl{institute}{Address(es) of author(s) should be given}
\if@oldversion
\ch@ckobl{abstract}{An abstract should be given}
\else
\ch@ckoblabs{abstract}{An abstract should be given}{An abstract should be given}
{An abstract should be given}{An abstract should be given}{An abstract should be given}
\fi
\ch@ckobl{keywords}{Keywords should be given}
\begingroup
\begin{stopref}
\renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
\def\@makefnmark{$^{\@thefnmark}$}%
\def\lastand{\ifnum\value{inst}=2\relax
\unskip{} \andname\
\else
\unskip, \andname\
\fi}%
\def\and{\stepcounter{auth}\relax
\ifnum\value{auth}=\value{inst}%
\lastand
\else
\unskip,
\fi}%
\ifnum \col@number=\@ne
\@maketitle
\else
\twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
\fi
\thispagestyle{empty}
\global\@topnum\z@
\if@normhead
\@thanks
\else
\twocolumn[\vspace{\@tempdima}]
\addtocounter{page}{-1}
\if!\the\authorrunning!
\authorrunning{ }%
\fi
\fi
\if!\@mail!\else
\footnotetext[0]{\kern-\bibindent\mailname\
\ignorespaces\@mail}%
\fi
%
\if@runhead
\def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}%
\def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}%
\def\object##1{##1}%
\instindent=\textwidth
\advance\instindent by-2\headlineindent
\if!\the\titlerunning!\else
\edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}%
\fi
\global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm\unboldmath\ignorespaces\@title}%
\ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent
\typeout{^^JA\string&A Warning: Title too long for running head.}%
\typeout{Please supply a shorter form with \string\titlerunning
\space prior to \string\maketitle}%
\global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm
Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
\fi
\xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}%
%
\if!\the\authorrunning!
\else
\setcounter{auth}{1}%
\edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}%
\fi
\ifnum\value{auth}>2
\def\stripauthor##1\and##2\endauthor{%
\protected@xdef\@author{##1\unskip\unskip\if!##2!\else
\ et al.\fi}}%
\expandafter\stripauthor\@author\and\endauthor
\else
\gdef\and{\unskip\ and \ignorespaces}%
{\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}%
\protected@xdef\@author{\@author}}
\fi
\global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\unboldmath\@author\unskip:
\unhbox\titrun\if@rnote~\itshape\rnotname\fi}%
\ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent
\typeout{^^JA\string&A Warning: The running head built automatically
from \string\author\space and \string\title
^^Jexceeds the pagewidth, please supply a shorter form
^^Jwith \string\authorrunning\space and/or
\string\titlerunning\space prior to \string\maketitle}%
\global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rm Please give a shorter version
with: {\tt\string\authorrunning\space}and/or{\tt\space
\string\titilerunning\space}prior to{\tt\space\string\maketitle}}%
\fi
\xdef\@author{\copy\authrun}%
\markboth{\@author}{\@author}%
\fi
%
\end{stopref}
\endgroup
\setcounter{footnote}{0}
\setcounter{footnote}{0}%
\global\let\thanks\relax
\global\let\maketitle\relax
\global\let\@maketitle\relax
\global\let\@thanks\@empty
\global\let\@author\@empty
\global\let\@date\@empty
\global\let\@title\@empty
\global\let\@subtitle\@empty
\global\let\@abstract\@empty
\global\let\@keywords\@empty
\global\let\keywords\relax
\global\let\title\relax
\global\let\author\relax
\global\let\abstract\relax
\global\let\date\relax
\global\let\and\relax}

\def\AALogo{\setbox254=\hbox{
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0pt}
\begin{tabular}{l}
\\[-30pt]
{\fontsize{18}{21}\selectfont\sffamily\bfseries Astronomy} \\[-2.5pt]
{\fontsize{16}{12}\selectfont\sffamily\mdseries \kern8pt\&\raisebox{4pt}{\rule{78pt}{1pt}}} \\[-5pt]
{\fontsize{18}{21}\selectfont\sffamily\bfseries Astrophysics}
\end{tabular}}\copy254}

\def\makeheadbox{{
\hbox to\textwidth{%
\if!\@idline!
\hbox to0pt{\vbox{\hsize=40cc
\baselineskip=12pt\hrule\hbox
{\vrule\kern3pt\vbox{\kern3pt
\hb@xt@ 40cc{{\sl\@journalname}\ manuscript no.~\jobname \hfill\copyright~ESO~\the\year}
\if!\@msnr!\hbox{\today}\else
\hb@xt@ 30cc{\hfil\strut\LARGE\bfseries\smash{\@msnr}}\fi
\kern3pt}\hfil\kern3pt\vrule}\hrule}\hss}\hfill
\else
\vbox{\baselineskip=11pt
\hbox{\@idline}
\hbox{\@doi}
\hbox{\small\rm \copyright~ESO~\the\year}}
\hfill\AALogo
\fi}}}

\def\@maketitle{\newpage
\normalfont
\vbox to0pt{\vskip-20pt
\nointerlineskip
\makeheadbox\vss}\nointerlineskip
\if@normhead
\setbox\authrun=\vbox\bgroup
\fi
\begin{center}
\vskip24pt
\if@letter{\large \lettername}\fi
{\LARGE \sffamily\bfseries\boldmath
\hrule\@height\logodepth\@width\z@
\pretolerance=10000
\vspace*{-12pt}
\pretolerance=10000
\if!\@headnote!\else
\noindent
{\normalfont\itshape\ignorespaces\@headnote\par}\vskip 3.5mm
\fi
\noindent\ignorespaces
\@title
\if@rnote \\ \itshape \rnotename \fi
\par}
\vskip 8pt\relax
\if!\@subtitle!\else
{\Large \sffamily\bfseries\boldmath
\pretolerance=10000
\noindent\ignorespaces\@subtitle \par}\vskip 10pt
\fi
%% \lineskip .5em
\setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{auth} }%
\hfuzz=2\textwidth\def\thanks##1{}\@author}%
\value{inst}=\value{auth}%
\setcounter{auth}{1}%
{\large \rmfamily\mdseries \noindent\ignorespaces\@author}
\if@longauth \else \end{center} \fi
\vskip6pt
\small\rm
\if@longauth {\it (Affiliations can be found after the references)} \else
\leftskip=.8cm\rightskip=\leftskip
\institutename\fi
\vskip 8pt \noindent\@date
\if!\@dedic!\else
\par
\normalsize\it
\addvspace\baselineskip
\noindent\@dedic
\fi
\if@longauth \end{center} \fi
\vskip 8pt
\small\rm
\if!\@abstract!\else
\begin{center}
{\sffamily\bfseries\abstractname}\par
\end{center}
\@abstract
\fi
\vskip 6pt
\small\rm
\if!\@keywords!\else
\noindent{\sffamily\bfseries\keywordname}\ \@keywords
\fi
%
\if@normhead
\egroup % end of header box
\@tempdima=\headerboxheight
\advance\@tempdima by-\ht\authrun
% \advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
\ifdim\@tempdima>0pt
\vrule width0pt height\@tempdima
\fi
\unvbox\authrun
\global\@minipagetrue
\global\everypar{\global\@minipagefalse\global\everypar{}}
\else
\typeout{\the\c@auth\space author names and}
\typeout{\the\c@inst\space institutes processed}
\global\@tempdima=\pagetotal
\global\advance\@tempdima by24pt
\fi
\vskip24pt
}
%
\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathsc}{OT1}{cmr}{m}{sc}
\def\testbx{bx}%
\DeclareRobustCommand{\ion}[2]{%
\relax\ifmmode
\ifx\testbx\f@series
{\mathbf{#1\,\mathsc{#2}}}\else
{\mathrm{#1\,\mathsc{#2}}}\fi
\else\textup{#1\,{\mdseries\textsc{#2}}}%
\fi}
%
\def\clearelargs{\def\1{}\def\2{}\def\3{}\def\4{}\count255=0}
\def\druck@lement#1{{}^{\2}_{\3}\mathrm{#1}{}^{\1}_{\4}{}\if@tempswa$\fi}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\element}{\relax\ifmmode\@tempswafalse
\else$\@tempswatrue\fi\clearelargs\def\?{\phantom{0}}\@lement}
\def\@lement#1{\if#1[\expandafter\f@@dargs\else\druck@lement{#1}\fi}
\def\f@@dargs#1]{\advance\count255by\@ne
\expandafter\def\csname\number\count255\endcsname{#1}\@lement}
%
%\def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathbf{#1}}}
\def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice{\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle#1$}}
{\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle#1$}}
{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}}
{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}}
%
\def\tens#1{\ensuremath{\mathsf{#1}}}
%
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\newcounter {section}
\newcounter {subsection}[section]
\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
\renewcommand\thesection {\@arabic\c@section}
\renewcommand\thesubsection {\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection .\@arabic\c@subsubsection}
\renewcommand\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\@arabic\c@paragraph}
\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\@arabic\c@subparagraph}
%
\def\sectcounterend{.}

\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\sectcounterend
\hskip\betweenumberspace}

\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
\let\@svsec\@empty
\else
\refstepcounter{#1}%
\protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
\fi
\@tempskipa #5\relax
\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
\begingroup
#6{%
\@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
\raggedright
\hyphenpenalty \@M%
\interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
\endgroup
\csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
\fi
#7}%
\else
\def\@svsechd{%
#6{\hskip #3\relax
\@svsec #8\hskip\aftertext}%
\csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
\fi
#7}}%
\fi
\@xsect{#5}}

%
% measures and setting of sections
%
\def\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
{-16dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{6dd}{\large\sffamily\bfseries}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
{-16dd}{6dd}{\normalsize\sffamily\itshape}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
{-16dd}{6dd}{\normalsize\sffamily}}
\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
{-16dd}{-1pt}{\normalsize\sffamily}}

\setlength\leftmargini {\parindent}
\leftmargin \leftmargini
\setlength\leftmarginii {\parindent}
\setlength\leftmarginiii {1.87em}
\setlength\leftmarginiv {1.7em}
\setlength\leftmarginv {.5em}
\setlength\leftmarginvi {.5em}
\setlength \labelsep {.5em}
\setlength \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
\@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
\@itempenalty -\@lowpenalty
\renewcommand\theenumi{\@arabic\c@enumi}
\renewcommand\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii}
\renewcommand\theenumiii{\@roman\c@enumiii}
\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@Alph\c@enumiv}
\newcommand\labelenumi{\theenumi.}
\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
\newcommand\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}
\renewcommand\p@enumii{\theenumi}
\renewcommand\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
\renewcommand\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
\newcommand\labelitemi{\normalfont\bfseries --}
\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --}
\newcommand\labelitemiii{$\m@th\bullet$}
\newcommand\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$}

% redefinition of the "\newtheorem" command.
%
% Usage now:
%
% \newtheorem{env_nam}{caption}[within]{cap_font}{body_font}
% or \newtheorem{env_nam}[numbered_like]{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
% or \newtheorem*{env_nam}{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
%
% New is "cap_font" and "body_font". It stands for
% fontdefinition of the caption and the text itself.
%
% "\newtheorem*" gives a theorem without number.
%
% A defined newthoerem environment is used as described
% by Lamport.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@thmcountersep{}
\def\@thmcounterend{.}

\def\newtheorem{\@ifstar{\@sthm}{\@Sthm}}

% definition of \newtheorem with number

\def\@Sthm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@othm{#1}}{\@nthm{#1}}}

\def\@xnthm#1#2[#3]#4#5{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
{\@definecounter{#1}\@addtoreset{#1}{#3}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\expandafter\noexpand
\csname the#3\endcsname \noexpand\@thmcountersep \@thmcounter{#1}}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
\global\@namedef{#1}{\@thm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}

\def\@ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
{\@definecounter{#1}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
\global\@namedef{#1}{\@thm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}

\def\@othm#1[#2]#3#4#5{%
\@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@latexerr{No theorem environment `#2'
defined}\@eha}%
{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
{\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#3}%
\global\@namedef{#1}{\@thm{#2}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}}

\def\@thm#1#2#3#4{\refstepcounter
{#1}\@ifnextchar[{\@ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{\@xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}

\def\@xthm#1#2#3#4{\@begintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}{#4}%
\ignorespaces}

\def\@ythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\@opargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname
the#1\endcsname}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}

\def\@begintheorem#1#2#3#4{\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1\ #2\@thmcounterend}]#4}

\def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4#5{\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep{#4#1\ #2\ (#3)\@thmcounterend}]#5}

% definition of \newtheorem* without number

\def\@sthm#1#2{\@Ynthm{#1}{#2}}

\def\@Ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
{\global\@namedef{#1}{\@Thm{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}

\def\@Thm#1#2#3{\@ifnextchar[{\@Ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@Xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}}}

\def\@Xthm#1#2#3{\@Begintheorem{#1}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}

\def\@Ythm#1#2#3[#4]{\@Opargbegintheorem{#1}
{#4}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}

\def\@Begintheorem#1#2#3{#3\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep{#2#1\@thmcounterend}]}

\def\@Opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{#4\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1\ (#2)\@thmcounterend}]}

% definition of divers theorem environments

\if@envcntsect
\def\@thmcountersep{.}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]{\bf}{\it}
\else
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}{\bf}{\it}
\if@envcntreset
\@addtoreset{theorem}{section}
\else
\@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter}
\fi
\fi
\newtheorem*{proof}{Proof}{\it}{\rm}
\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}{\bf}{\it}
\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition}{\bf}{\rm}
\newtheorem{example}[theorem]{Example}{\it}{\rm}
\newtheorem{exercise}[theorem]{Exercise}{\it}{\rm}
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}{\bf}{\it}
\newtheorem{note}[theorem]{Note}{\it}{\rm}
\newtheorem{problem}[theorem]{Problem}{\it}{\rm}
\newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition}{\bf}{\it}
\newtheorem{question}[theorem]{Question}{\it}{\rm}
\newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark}{\it}{\rm}
\newtheorem{solution}[theorem]{Solution}{\it}{\rm}

\def\@takefromreset#1#2{%
\def\@tempa{#1}%
\let\@tempd\@elt
\def\@elt##1{%
\def\@tempb{##1}%
\ifx\@tempa\@tempb\else
\@addtoreset{##1}{#2}%
\fi}%
\expandafter\expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempc\csname cl@#2\endcsname
\expandafter\def\csname cl@#2\endcsname{}%
\@tempc
\let\@elt\@tempd}

\def\theopargself{\def\@opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2\ ##3}]##5}
\def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1\ ##2}]}
}

\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\qed{\ifmmode\else\unskip\quad\fi\squareforqed}
%
\newdimen\figgap\figgap=1cc
\long\def\@makesidecaption#1#2{%
\parbox[b]{\@tempdima}{\captionstyle{\floatlegendstyle
#1\floatcounterend}~#2}}
\def\sidecaption#1\caption{%
\setbox\@tempboxa=\hbox{#1\unskip}%
\if@twocolumn
\ifdim\hsize<\textwidth\else
\ifdim\wd\@tempboxa<\columnwidth
\typeout{Double column float fits into single column -
^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
\fi
\fi
\fi
\@tempdima=\hsize
\advance\@tempdima by-\figgap
\advance\@tempdima by-\wd\@tempboxa
\ifdim\@tempdima<3cm
\typeout{\string\sidecaption: No sufficient room for the legend;
using normal \string\caption. }%
\unhbox\@tempboxa
\let\@capcommand=\@caption
\else
\let\@capcommand=\@sidecaption
\leavevmode
\unhbox\@tempboxa
\hfill
\fi
\refstepcounter\@captype
\@dblarg{\@capcommand\@captype}}

\long\def\@sidecaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
\@parboxrestore
\@makesidecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
\endgroup}
%
% Online material
\long\def\onlfig#1#2{\AtEndDocument{\Online\setcounter{figure}{#1}\addtocounter{figure}{-1}#2}\setcounter{figure}{#1}}
\long\def\onltab#1#2{\AtEndDocument{\Online\setcounter{table}{#1}\addtocounter{table}{-1}#2}\setcounter{table}{#1}}
\long\def\onllongtab#1#2{\AtEndDocument{\Online\setlength{\LTcapwidth}{\textwidth}\setcounter{table}{#1}%
\addtocounter{table}{-1}\onecolumn#2\twocolumn}\setcounter{table}{#1}}
\long\def\onllongtabL#1#2{\AtEndDocument{\Online\setlength{\LTcapwidth}{\textheight}\setcounter{table}{#1}%
\addtocounter{table}{-1}\onecolumn#2\twocolumn}\setcounter{table}{#1}}
\long\def\longtab#1#2{\setlength{\LTcapwidth}{\textwidth}%
\setcounter{table}{#1}\addtocounter{table}{-1}\onecolumn#2\twocolumn\setcounter{table}{#1}}
\long\def\longtabL#1#2{\setlength{\LTcapwidth}{\textheight}%
\setcounter{table}{#1}\addtocounter{table}{-1}\onecolumn#2\twocolumn\setcounter{table}{#1}}
%
% Define \acknowledgements
\def\acknowledgements{\par\addvspace{6pt}\tiny\rm
\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep{\em Acknowledgements.\/}]}
\def\endacknowledgements{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6pt}}
%
\newenvironment{verse}
{\let\\\@centercr
\list{}{\itemsep \z@
\itemindent -1.5em%
\listparindent\itemindent
\rightmargin \leftmargin
\advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
\item\relax}
{\endlist}
\newenvironment{quotation}
{\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
\itemindent \listparindent
\rightmargin \leftmargin
\parsep \z@ \@plus\p@}%
\item\relax}
{\endlist}
\newenvironment{quote}
{\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
\item\relax}
{\endlist}
\if@compatibility
\newenvironment{titlepage}
{%
\if@twocolumn
\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
\else
\@restonecolfalse\newpage
\fi
\thispagestyle{empty}%
\setcounter{page}\z@
}%
{\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi
}
\else
\newenvironment{titlepage}
{%
\if@twocolumn
\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
\else
\@restonecolfalse\newpage
\fi
\thispagestyle{empty}%
\setcounter{page}\@ne
}%
{\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi
\if@twoside\else
\setcounter{page}\@ne
\fi
}
\fi
% Appendix
\newcounter{append}
\setcounter{append}{0}
\newenvironment{appendix}{\par
\def\@hangfrom##1{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{##1}}%
\hangindent \parindent\noindent\box\@tempboxa}
\def\@seccntformat##1{\csname theap##1\endcsname\hskip\betweenumberspace}
\setcounter{section}{\value{append}}%
\setcounter{subsection}{0}%
\setcounter{figure}{0}%
\setcounter{table}{0}%
\newcommand\theapsection{Appendix \@Alph\c@section:}%
\newcommand\theapsubsection{\@Alph\c@section.\@arabic\c@subsection.}%
\newcommand\theapsubsubsection{\theapsubsection\@arabic\c@subsubsection.}%
\renewcommand\thesection{\@Alph\c@section}%
\renewcommand\thesubsection{\@Alph\c@section.\@arabic\c@subsection}%
\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic\c@subsubsection}%
\renewcommand\theequation{\@Alph\c@section.\@arabic\c@equation}%
\renewcommand\thefigure{\@Alph\c@section.\@arabic\c@figure}%
\renewcommand\thetable{\@Alph\c@section.\@arabic\c@table}%
\@addtoreset{equation}{section}%
\@addtoreset{figure}{section}%
\@addtoreset{table}{section}%
\def\subfigures{\stepcounter{figure}\setcounter{auth}{\value{figure}}%
\setcounter{figure}{0}%
\def\thefigure{\@Alph\c@section\@arabic\c@auth\alph{figure}}%
\def\resetsubfig{\setcounter{figure}{\value{auth}}}}}
{
\setcounter{section}{0}%
\setcounter{subsection}{0}%
\setcounter{figure}{0}%
\setcounter{table}{0}%
\renewcommand\thesection{\c@section}%
\renewcommand\thesubsection{\@arabic\c@subsection}%
\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\@arabic\c@subsubsection}%
\renewcommand\theequation{\@arabic\c@equation}%
\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}%
\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}%
\addtocounter{append}{1}
}
%
\setlength\arraycolsep{2.5\p@}
\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
\renewcommand\theequation{\@arabic\c@equation}
\newcounter{figure}
\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\fps@figure{tbp}
\def\ftype@figure{1}
\def\ext@figure{lof}
\def\fnum@figure{\figurename\,\thefigure}
\newenvironment{figure}
{\@float{figure}}
{\resetsubfig\end@float}
\newenvironment{figure*}
{\@dblfloat{figure}}
{\resetsubfig\end@dblfloat}
\let\resetsubfig\relax
\def\subfigures{\stepcounter{figure}\setcounter{auth}{\value{figure}}%
\setcounter{figure}{0}\def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@auth\alph{figure}}%
\def\resetsubfig{\setcounter{figure}{\value{auth}}}}
\newcounter{table}
\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
\def\fps@table{tbp}
\def\ftype@table{2}
\def\ext@table{lot}
\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
\newenvironment{table}
{\small\@float{table}}
{\end@float}
\newenvironment{table*}
{\small\@dblfloat{table}}
{\end@dblfloat}

\def \@floatboxreset {%
\reset@font
\small
\@setnobreak
\@setminipage
}

\newlength\abovecaptionskip
\newlength\belowcaptionskip
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
\newcommand\leftlegendglue{}

\def\fig@type{figure}

\newdimen\figcapgap\figcapgap=5pt
\newdimen\tabcapgap\tabcapgap=10pt

\@ifundefined{floatlegendstyle}{\def\floatlegendstyle{\bf}}{}
\def\floatcounterend{.}

\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname
ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
\@parboxrestore
\@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
\endgroup}

\def\capstrut{\vrule\@width\z@\@height\topskip}
\@ifundefined{captionstyle}{\def\captionstyle{\normalfont\small}}{}

\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
\ifx\@captype\fig@type
\vskip\figcapgap
\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}
\capstrut #2}%
\ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend} \capstrut #2\par
\else
\hbox to\hsize{\leftlegendglue\unhbox\@tempboxa\hfil}%
\fi
\else
{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend} \capstrut #2\par
\vskip\tabcapgap
\fi}
% Define `acknowledgement' environment
\def\acknowledgement{\par\addvspace{17pt}\tiny\rm
\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep
{\it\ackname}]}
\def\endacknowledgement{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6pt}}
% Define `noteadd' environment
\def\noteadd{\par\addvspace{17pt}\small\rm
\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep
{\it\noteaddname}]}
\def\endnoteadd{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6pt}}

\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal}
\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal}
\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\newcommand\@tocrmarg{2.55em}
\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\newcommand\tableofcontents{%
\section*{\contentsname
\@mkboth{%
\MakeUppercase\contentsname}{\MakeUppercase\contentsname}}%
\@starttoc{toc}%
}
\newcommand*\l@part[2]{%
\ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
\addpenalty\@secpenalty
\addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}%
\begingroup
\setlength\@tempdima{3em}%
\parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
\parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
{\leavevmode
\large \bfseries #1\hfil \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
\nobreak
\if@compatibility
\global\@nobreaktrue
\everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}%
\fi
\endgroup
\fi}
\newcommand*\l@section[2]{%
\ifnum \c@tocdepth >\z@
\addpenalty\@secpenalty
\addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@}%
\setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
\begingroup
\parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
\parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
\leavevmode \bfseries
\advance\leftskip\@tempdima
\hskip -\leftskip
#1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
\endgroup
\fi}
\newcommand*\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\newcommand*\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\newcommand*\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\newcommand*\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
\newcommand\listoffigures{%
\section*{\listfigurename
\@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}%
{\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}}%
\@starttoc{lof}%
}
\newcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\newcommand\listoftables{%
\section*{\listtablename
\@mkboth{%
\MakeUppercase\listtablename}{\MakeUppercase\listtablename}}%
\@starttoc{lot}%
}
\let\l@table\l@figure
\newdimen\bibindent
\setlength\bibindent{\parindent}
\def\@biblabel#1{}
\def\@cite#1#2{{#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi}}
\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
{\begingroup\section*{{\normalsize\refname}
\@mkboth{\refname}{\refname}}\tiny
\list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
\leftmargin\bibindent
\setlength{\itemindent}{-\leftmargin}
\@openbib@code
\usecounter{enumiv}%
\let\p@enumiv\@empty
\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
\sfcode`\.\@m}
{\endlist\par\endgroup\if@longauth\kern6pt\hrule\kern6pt\institutename\@longauthfalse\fi
\def\@noitemerr{\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}}%


\newcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}
\let\@openbib@code\@empty
\newenvironment{theindex}
{\if@twocolumn
\@restonecolfalse
\else
\@restonecoltrue
\fi
\columnseprule \z@
\columnsep 35\p@
\twocolumn[\section*{\indexname}]%
\@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
\thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
\parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
\let\item\@idxitem}
{\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
\newcommand\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@}
\newcommand\subitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{20\p@}}
\newcommand\subsubitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{30\p@}}
\newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
\kern-3\p@
\hrule\@width.4\columnwidth
\kern2.6\p@}
\newcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
\noindent
\hb@xt@\bibindent{\hss\@makefnmark\enspace}#1}
%
\newcommand\listofobjects{\if@nyobjects
\IfFileExists{\jobname.obj}%
{\section*{\listobjectname}%
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\def\la{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
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$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\sim\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\sim\cr}}}}}
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\def\udtw{\smash{\rlap{\lower6pt\hbox{$\approx$}}}}
\def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}}
\def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}}
\def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}}
\def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}}
\def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}
\def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}
\def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}}
\def\cor{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\widehat=$}}{\hbox{$\widehat=$}}
{\hbox{$\scriptstyle\hat=$}}
{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\hat=$}}}}
\def\sol{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr
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{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr
<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
\sim\cr<\cr}}}}}
\def\sog{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr>\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\sim\cr
>\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
\sim\cr>\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
\sim\cr>\cr}}}}}
\def\lse{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\simeq\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr\simeq\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr\simeq\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr\simeq\cr}}}}}
\def\gse{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\simeq\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\simeq\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\simeq\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\simeq\cr}}}}}
\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.5pt}<\cr}}}}}
\def\leogr{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip-1.5pt}>\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
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{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}>\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
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\def\loa{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\approx\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr\approx\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr\approx\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr\approx\cr}}}}}
\def\goa{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\approx\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\approx\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\approx\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\approx\cr}}}}}
\def\diameter{{\ifmmode\mathchoice
{\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\displaystyle/$}\hfil\crcr
{\hbox{$\displaystyle\mathchar"20D$}}}}
{\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\textstyle/$}\hfil\crcr
{\hbox{$\textstyle\mathchar"20D$}}}}
{\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\scriptstyle/$}\hfil\crcr
{\hbox{$\scriptstyle\mathchar"20D$}}}}
{\ooalign{\hfil\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle/$}\hfil\crcr
{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\mathchar"20D$}}}}
\else{\ooalign{\hfil/\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}%
\fi}}

\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}}
\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr
\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
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{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr
\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen
\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}}
\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen
\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}}
\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}}
\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}}
\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}}
\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}
{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}
\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
Q$}\hbox{\raise
0.05\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
0.05\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
0.05\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
0.05\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
T$}\hbox{\hbox to0pt{\kern0.25\wd0\vrule height0.95\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.25\wd0\vrule height0.95\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.25\wd0\vrule height0.95\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.25\wd0\vrule height0.95\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.38\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.52\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.38\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.52\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.38\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.52\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.38\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.52\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\sf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
{\hbox{$\sf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
{\hbox{$\sf\scriptstyle Z\kern-0.3em Z$}}
{\hbox{$\sf\scriptscriptstyle Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}}
\def\ts{\thinspace}
%
% Bibliography and bibfile
\def\aj{AJ}%
% Astronomical Journal
\def\actaa{Acta Astron.}%
% Acta Astronomica
\def\araa{ARA\&A}%
% Annual Review of Astron and Astrophys
\def\apj{ApJ}%
% Astrophysical Journal
\def\apjl{ApJ}%
% Astrophysical Journal, Letters
\def\apjs{ApJS}%
% Astrophysical Journal, Supplement
\def\ao{Appl.~Opt.}%
% Applied Optics
\def\apss{Ap\&SS}%
% Astrophysics and Space Science
\def\aap{A\&A}%
% Astronomy and Astrophysics
\def\aapr{A\&A~Rev.}%
% Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews
\def\aaps{A\&AS}%
% Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement
\def\azh{AZh}%
% Astronomicheskii Zhurnal
\def\baas{BAAS}%
% Bulletin of the AAS
\def\bac{Bull. astr. Inst. Czechosl.}%
% Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of Czechoslovakia
\def\caa{Chinese Astron. Astrophys.}%
% Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics
\def\cjaa{Chinese J. Astron. Astrophys.}%
% Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
\def\icarus{Icarus}%
% Icarus
\def\jcap{J. Cosmology Astropart. Phys.}%
% Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
\def\jrasc{JRASC}%
% Journal of the RAS of Canada
\def\mnras{MNRAS}%
% Monthly Notices of the RAS
\def\memras{MmRAS}%
% Memoirs of the RAS
\def\na{New A}%
% New Astronomy
\def\nar{New A Rev.}%
% New Astronomy Review
\def\pasa{PASA}%
% Publications of the Astron. Soc. of Australia
\def\pra{Phys.~Rev.~A}%
% Physical Review A: General Physics
\def\prb{Phys.~Rev.~B}%
% Physical Review B: Solid State
\def\prc{Phys.~Rev.~C}%
% Physical Review C
\def\prd{Phys.~Rev.~D}%
% Physical Review D
\def\pre{Phys.~Rev.~E}%
% Physical Review E
\def\prl{Phys.~Rev.~Lett.}%
% Physical Review Letters
\def\pasp{PASP}%
% Publications of the ASP
\def\pasj{PASJ}%
% Publications of the ASJ
\def\qjras{QJRAS}%
% Quarterly Journal of the RAS
\def\rmxaa{Rev. Mexicana Astron. Astrofis.}%
% Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica
\def\skytel{S\&T}%
% Sky and Telescope
\def\solphys{Sol.~Phys.}%
% Solar Physics
\def\sovast{Soviet~Ast.}%
% Soviet Astronomy
\def\ssr{Space~Sci.~Rev.}%
% Space Science Reviews
\def\zap{ZAp}%
% Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik
\def\nat{Nature}%
% Nature
\def\iaucirc{IAU~Circ.}%
% IAU Cirulars
\def\aplett{Astrophys.~Lett.}%
% Astrophysics Letters
\def\apspr{Astrophys.~Space~Phys.~Res.}%
% Astrophysics Space Physics Research
\def\bain{Bull.~Astron.~Inst.~Netherlands}%
% Bulletin Astronomical Institute of the Netherlands
\def\fcp{Fund.~Cosmic~Phys.}%
% Fundamental Cosmic Physics
\def\gca{Geochim.~Cosmochim.~Acta}%
% Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta
\def\grl{Geophys.~Res.~Lett.}%
% Geophysics Research Letters
\def\jcp{J.~Chem.~Phys.}%
% Journal of Chemical Physics
\def\jgr{J.~Geophys.~Res.}%
% Journal of Geophysics Research
\def\jqsrt{J.~Quant.~Spec.~Radiat.~Transf.}%
% Journal of Quantitiative Spectroscopy and Radiative Trasfer
\def\memsai{Mem.~Soc.~Astron.~Italiana}%
% Mem. Societa Astronomica Italiana
\def\nphysa{Nucl.~Phys.~A}%
% Nuclear Physics A
\def\physrep{Phys.~Rep.}%
% Physics Reports
\def\physscr{Phys.~Scr}%
% Physica Scripta
\def\planss{Planet.~Space~Sci.}%
% Planetary Space Science
\def\procspie{Proc.~SPIE}%
% Proceedings of the SPIE
\let\astap=\aap
\let\apjlett=\apjl
\let\apjsupp=\apjs
\let\applopt=\ao
%
\uchyph=0
%
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%%
%% End of file `aa.cls'.