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: http://star.arm.ac.uk/~csj/essays/lmagill/survey.htm
Дата изменения: Unknown Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 07:57:47 2012 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: zodiacal light |
Survey of Armagh
A survey of Armagh was to be carried out in order to better determine how much money is wasted each year in Armagh on bad lighting. To do this a code for different lights had to be made, to facilitate the survey. This code is shown in the table below:
Lighting for Signs (Sg) |
Streetlights (St) |
Floodlighting (Fl) |
Foot Path Lights (Fp) |
Security Lights (Sc) |
Petrol Station Lights (Ps) |
|
1 |
Up Lights |
Full Cut-Off |
Bad Up Light |
Circular Cut-Offs |
Bad Box |
Bad |
2 |
Down Lights |
Semi Cut-Off |
Good Up Light |
Antique Low Bulb |
Desk |
Good |
3 |
Square |
Bad Down Light |
Bad Standard |
|||
4 |
Cobra-Head |
Good Down Light |
Bad Conical |
|||
5 |
Long LPS |
Glare Buster |
||||
6 |
Antique, High Bulb |
To clarify this code photographs were produced to show the lights.
Up-Lights (Sg1)-
Down-Lights (Sg2)-
Fully Cut-Off
(St1)-
Semi Cut-Off
(St2)-
‘Square’ Light (St3)-
Cobra Head Fixture (St4)-
Long Low Pressure Sodium Fixture (St5)-
‘Antique’ Lights (St6)-
Badly Directed Up-Lighting (Fl1)-
Well Directed Up-Lighting (Fl2)-
Badly Directed Down-Lighting (Fl3)-
Well Directed Down-Lighting (FL4)-
Circular Cut-Off (Fp1)-
Antique Low Bulb (Fp2)-
Bad Box Light (Sc1)-
‘Desk’ type (Sc2)-
Bad ‘Standard’ Light (Sc3)-
Bad Conical (Sc4)-
Good Standard
(Sc5)-
Bad Lights (Ps1)-
Good Lights (Ps2)-
Next, a route had to be planned which could be followed. A map of Armagh is shown below. The route taken went down College Hill, right on Lonsdale Road, back down Railway Street, then right onto Cathedral Road. A sharp left was taken onto Callan Bridge Road, which turned into Nursery Road then into Friary Road. A left ws taken onto Barrack Street, then another left onto the Mall West, back to the beginning.
A tally was made of the different lights on each street, shown in this table:
College Hill |
Lonsdale Rd |
Railway St |
Cathedral Rd |
Callan Bridge Rd |
Nursery Rd |
Friary Rd |
Barrack St |
Mall West |
|
Sg1 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
7 |
|||||
Sg2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
9 |
4 |
||||
St1 |
|||||||||
St2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
12 |
|||||
St3 |
23 |
5 |
8 |
7 |
15 |
2 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
St4 |
5 |
4 |
10 |
8 |
2 |
1 |
|||
St5 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
26 |
||||
St6 |
8 |
2 |
6 |
||||||
Fl2 |
|||||||||
Fl3 |
2 |
2 |
16 |
2 |
7 |
||||
Fl4 |
23 |
||||||||
Fp1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
|||||
Fp2 |
3 |
3 |
10 |
2 |
32 |
||||
Sc1 |
|||||||||
Sc2 |
|||||||||
Sc3 |
1 |
||||||||
Sc4 |
|||||||||
Sc5 |
|||||||||
Ps1 |
6 |
14 |
|||||||
Ps2 |
This information allowed more accurate estimates to be made of how much light is wasted in Armagh, and therefore how much money and coal is wasted, as well as how much carbon dioxide produced. This information was calculated using spreadsheets, seen below.
College Hill |
Lonsdale Rd |
Railway St |
Cathedral Rd |
Callan Bridge Rd |
Nursery Rd |
Friary Rd |
Barrack St |
Mall West |
|
Total No. Lights |
42 |
20 |
23 |
59 |
46 |
27 |
72 |
20 |
27 |
Distance (m) |
950 |
340 |
210 |
1100 |
340 |
480 |
1000 |
200 |
500 |
Lights per metre |
0.04 |