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The scientific reputation of the Armagh Observatory depends largely on peer assessment of sometimes highly technical scientific publications, and on the one-to-one interactions between Armagh Observatory staff and other research scientists, whether at conferences, or in collaborative research projects between the Observatory and groups in other countries. A subset of the total research and other public output, namely the list of refereed journal publications during 1998, is given in Appendix B. A second subset, namely the list of more than 50 public talks delivered by Observatory staff during 1998, is given in Appendix D.
These examples illustrate the variety of routes by which the research results of Observatory staff are communicated, namely through talks or popular articles in the local, national or scientific media; at conferences, seminars and workshops; in books; in refereed scientific publications, journals or conference proceedings; and in a variety of non-refereed articles, some of which nowadays are in entirely electronic form (e.g. contributions to CD-ROMs such as `Deep Impact: An Interactive and Educational Guide to Comets and the Universe', United International Pictures & Dreamworks Pictures, April 1998). All these forms of public output, which are substantial, help to raise the national and international profile of astronomy, and in particular of astronomy at Armagh.
A further indicator of the Observatory's research activity is the
amount of external research income, raised mostly through a
competitive process of grant application and peer review. In 1998, the
total external grant income was 
£195k, representing a
substantial fraction (47%) of the total DENI recurrent grant in aid.
Research activity and external income generation are areas where
economies of scale work extremely well: larger research groups attract
the lions share of available research council funding and, in view of
the Observatory's current size, there remains room for improvement,
given investment in additional research staff.
The remainder of this section summarises some of the research results obtained in 1998 by the Observatory's senior research staff and associates.