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Definition of Scientific Misconduct

All members of the Armagh Observatory are expected to observe high standards of professional behaviour in the practice of research, the publication of results, and in their interactions with the general public and individuals outside the institution. Any practice or conduct that seriously deviates from the ethical standards embodied in the Code of Good Practice for Scholarly and Scientific Research for proposing, conducting and publishing scientific research constitutes Scientific Misconduct, and if proven renders the offending member liable to the Observatory's disciplinary procedures.

Examples

Scientific Misconduct should be clearly intentional, and includes, but is not limited to:

• falsification of data, including the intentional provision of misleading research information or the deliberate false reporting of research results;

• fraud, including the fabrication or invention of data with the intention of misleading or deceiving the intended audience;

• piracy, including the deliberate exploitation of the ideas or the work of others without acknowledgement, and the misappropriation of results, physical materials or other resources;

• plagiarism, including the conscious copying of or the passing off without permission or acknowledgement the ideas, data, text or other work of others as your own;

• misrepresentation, including the deliberate attempt to represent unfairly or falsely the ideas or work of others, whether or not for personal or institutional gain or enhancement;

• falsification of credentials;

• deception in proposing, carrying out or reporting the results of research; and

• any other conduct which seriously deviates from accepted ethical standards in research.

Scientific Misconduct does not include honest and reasonable error, or honest and reasonable differences in interpretation or in judgement in evaluating research methods and results, or misconduct (including gross misconduct) unrelated to research activity.

Members of the Observatory are reminded that misuse by a researcher of Observatory funds (including grant and contract funding from external sponsors) is also a breach of trust possibly leading to disciplinary action, and may also provide cause for criminal prosecution. However, an allegation of misuse of funds is not within the scope of this Code of Good Practice and Procedure.