East Siberian Center for the Earth's Ionosphere Research (SDC ESCEIR)
Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RASUpper Atmosphere Physics and Radiowave Propagation Department
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: http://rp.iszf.irk.ru/esceir/isr/isradaren.htm
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SHAREABLE DATA CENTER
East Siberian Center for the Earth's Ionosphere Research (SDC ESCEIR)Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RASUpper Atmosphere Physics and Radiowave Propagation Department |
Composition
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Incoherent scatter ionosphere diagnostics subdivision
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Technical characteristic |
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The Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar is one of the world's nine active radars which give the opportunity to investigate ionosphere by the incoherent scatter method. The geographical locations of the radars can be seen from the IS Radar Map. Initially, in the 60s, under USA funding a USA latitudince chain of four radars was created: Sonderstrom (Greenland), Millstone Hill (USA), Arecibo (Puerto-Rico), and Jacamarca (Peru). The goal of this chain was to study for latidunce distribution of ionospheric parameters. Later, during active polar ionospheric investigations, a three-position instrument was constructed in Scandinavia funded by the EC. In the 90s the EC constructed also the Svalbard radar on Spitsbergen. The USSR in the 70s have been constructed the only special-purpose IS radar in Kharkov. In the 80s a radar in Kioto (Japan) was constructed which was used as a radiolocator.
The ISTP was very lucky in receivins under the conversion program in 1993 the radiolocation station "Dnepr", which is situated 120 km to the north-west from Irkutsk. The opportunity to use the station for IS method measurements is determine by its main characteristics:
| Working frequencies | 154 - 162 Mhz |
| Impulse power | 2.5 - 3.2 Mw |
| Impulse length | 70 - 820 Mcs |
| Impulse repetition frequency | 24.4 Hz |
| Antenna gain coefficient | 38 dB |
| System noise temperature after modernization | 440НK |
| Antenna | Sectoral horn |
| Exposure system | Two antennas |
| Beam main lobe size | 0.50(N-S), 100(E-W) |
| Scanning sector due to sounding frequency changing |  (N-S) |
Antenna systemTo get an idea what station "Dnepr" antenna system looks like, let us consider some of the radar views which are given by the photographs General view and Side view. Antennae by itself is two-sided sectoral horn. Antennae sizes are 244 m length, 12 m width and 20 m height. Summar area is about 3000 m 2. Let us consider in some detail the radar design and principles of operation. The radar antenna system (Fig. 1) consists of two waveguide-slot antennae (WSA) 4 connected in diameter by sectoral horn 1 with partition 2. Two WSA can be powered from two ends by exciting horns 3. Using special positions of the slots and delaying system 5, we can change the antenna beam (DD) from the zenith to 30 degrees in both directions along WSA (Fig. 2), thus changing the frequency from 154 MHz to 162 MHz. |
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The antenna beam width is 0.5 degree in the longtitudial direction. When both WSA are phased, the beam width in the longitudial direction is 10 degrees, and when the phase difference is p, then there are two beams 20 degrees wide each, separated by 20 degrees. The antenna axis is rotated by 7 degrees from the meridian (Fig. 2), and all antenna system is titled by 10 degrees to the west. Antenna system of this kind can radiate and receive only one linear polarization of the signal. Moreover, there is a polarization filter in the antenna, which consists of metal bands 6, thus preventing the signal with the orthogonal polarization from penetrating. Each of the two waveguide-slot radar antennas can be excited from two sides, and so the system can operate with four receivers, each with a peak power of 1.1-1.4 MW. Furthermore , on each side there is an additional "reserve" receiver, which can be used instead of any of the main receivers. So, Receivers Hall combines 6 sets of one-type receivers. The modulators and charging lines are placed on low technological level under the receivers. The modulator working cycle is about 40 ms, and so the impulse repetition frequency is 24.4 Hz. A maximum receiver impulse length is 960 ms. For preventing the antenna structure from firing, the operation of the receivers in opposite direction is separated in time, and so there are two intervals of radiation in a cycle of a length ~1ms, in each of these we are forming beams directed to the north or south from a normal. The beam is tilted to the side opposite to the powered end of the antenna. We have the opportunity to power simultaneously two WSA from the other sides. If on one of the WSA the working frequency is smaller that the normal frequency154 MHz by some frequency df (that is, if DD of the beam is titled to the powered end), and the other WSA has the frequency 154 MHz + df, then two beams with a difference frequency 2*df in space will be simultaneously formed, which can be chosen equal to the plasma frequency at some height in the ionosphere. It is assumed that as a result of the interaction of these two waves we may have a resonance oscillation in plasma which may cause to make artificial irregularities. Methodological details of these experiment are now discussed |
