Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://kodomo.cmm.msu.ru/~mashunia/query_add2.txt Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Wed May 21 14:53:11 2008 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Tue Oct 2 02:06:07 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: koi8-r Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: molecular cloud

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1: Georgian Med News. 2008 Apr;(157):39-44.

IgE-MEDIATED FOOD HYPERSENSITIVITY DISORDERS.

Gotua M, Lomidze N, Dolidze N, Gotua T.

Center of Allergy and Immunology.

Food allergy has become a serious health concern especially in developed
countries in the past two decades. In general population approximately 4-6% of
children and 1-3% of adults experience food allergy. The article reviews IgE -
mediated food hypersensitivity disorders. Epidemiology, Mechanism, Clinical
manifestations, Genetically modified crops (GMOs), Diagnosis, Prevention and
Treatment of IgE-mediated food allergies are discussed. The investigations show
that over 90% of IgE-mediated food allergies in childhood are caused by: cow's
milk, hen's egg, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, fish and shellfish. Also the
causes of food allergy are food additives, genetically modified crops. Risk
factors for food-dependant exercise-induced anaphylaxis include asthma and
previous allergic reactions to the causative food. Food allergy is one of the
most common causes of systematic anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, with an
annual incidence of four cases per million populations and estimated 500 deaths
annually. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, individuals may experience
urticaria, angioedema, atopic dermatitis, oral syndrome, asthma, rhinitis,
conjunctivitis, hypotension, shock and cardiac arrhythmias, caused by the massive
release of mediators from mast cells and basophiles. Diagnosis of food allergy is
based on history, detailed dietary analysis, skin testing, measuring specific IgE
in blood serum and challenge tests. Treatment and prevention includes: avoidance
diet, application of autoinjectable epinephrine, H1 and H2 antihistamines,
corticosteroids, antileukotriens, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, cromolyn
sodium, etc.

PMID: 18487689 [PubMed - in process]

2: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 May 16. [Epub ahead of print]

Effectiveness of Bt chickpeas and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium
anisopliae to control Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Lawo NC, Mahon RJ, Milner RJ, Sarmah BK, Higgins TJ, Romeis J.

Agroscope Reckenholz-Tö¤nikon Research Station ART, Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046
Zurich, Switzerland; CSIRO Entomology, GPO BOX 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601,
Australia; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural
University, Jorhat 785 013, India; CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra
ACT 2601, Australia.

The use of genetically modified crops expressing lepidopteran-specific Cry
proteins derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an
effective method to control the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera. As H.
armigera potentially develops resistance to Cry proteins, Bt crops should be
regarded as one tool in integrated pest management. Therefore, they should be
compatible with biological control. Bioassays were conducted to understand the
interactions between a Cry2Aa-expressing chickpea line, either a susceptible or
Cry2A-resistant H. armigera strain, and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium
anisopliae. In a first concentration-response assay, Cry2A-resistant larvae were
more tolerant to M. anisopliae than susceptible larvae, while in a second
bioassay the fungus caused similar mortalities to the two strains fed control
chickpea leaves. Thus, resistance to Cry2A did not cause any fitness costs that
would become visible in an increased susceptibility to the fungus. On Bt chickpea
leaves, susceptible H. armigera larvae were more sensitive to M. anisopliae than
on control leaves. It appeared that sublethal damage induced by the Bt-toxin
enhanced the effectiveness of M. anisopliae. For Cry2A-resistant larvae the
mortality caused by the fungus was similar when fed either food source. To
examine which strain would be more likely to be exposed to the fungus, their
movement on control and Bt chickpea plants was compared. Movement did not appear
to differ among larvae on Bt or conventional chickpea as indicated by the number
of leaflets damaged per leaf. The findings suggest that Bt chickpeas and M.
anisopliae are compatible to control H. armigera.

PMID: 18487396 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

3: Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):473-5.

Is the drought over for pharming?

Kaiser J.

Publication Types:
News

PMID: 18436771 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

4: Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):472.

Papaya takes on ringspot virus and wins.

Stokstad E.

Publication Types:
News

PMID: 18436770 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

5: Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):468-71.

Tough lessons from golden rice.

Enserink M.

Publication Types:
News

PMID: 18436769 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

6: Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):466-7.

GM crops: a world view.

[No authors listed]

Publication Types:
News

PMID: 18436768 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

7: Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):465.

Multimedia feature: plant genomes.

[No authors listed]

Publication Types:
Interactive Tutorial

PMID: 18436767 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

8: Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):465.

Green genes. Plant genomes. Introduction.

Zahn LM, Hines PJ, Pennisi E, Travis J.

Publication Types:
Introductory Journal Article

PMID: 18436766 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

9: Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):452-3.

Ecology. Harvesting data from genetically engineered crops.

Marvier M, Carriö¨re Y, Ellstrand N, Gepts P, Kareiva P, Rosi-Marshall E,
Tabashnik BE, Wolfenbarger LL.

Environmental Studies Institute, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053,
USA. mmarvier@scu.edu

PMID: 18436759 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

10: Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):425.

Seeds of a perfect storm.

Fedoroff N.

Publication Types:
Editorial

PMID: 18436745 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

11: J Nutr. 2008 May;138(5):921-6.

Lysozyme transgenic goats' milk influences gastrointestinal morphology in young
pigs.

Brundige DR, Maga EA, Klasing KC, Murray JD.

Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Transgenesis provides a method of expressing novel proteins in milk to increase
the functional benefits of milk consumption. Transgenic goats expressing human
lysozyme (hLZ) at 67% of the concentration in human breast milk were produced,
thereby enhancing the antimicrobial properties of goats' milk. The objective of
this study was to investigate the impact of pasteurized milk containing hLZ on
growth, the intestinal epithelium, and an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
(EPEC) infection in young weaned pigs. Pigs were placed into 4 groups and fed a
diet of solid food and either control (nontransgenic) goats' milk or milk from
hLZ-transgenic goats. Growth was assessed by weight gain. Nonchallenged pigs were
necropsied after 6 wk, whereas the remaining pigs were necropsied at 7 wk
following bacterial challenge. We determined the numbers of total coliforms and
E. coli and examined small intestinal histology for all pigs. Complete blood
counts were also determined pre- and postchallenge. Challenged pigs receiving hLZ
milk had fewer total coliforms (P = 0.029) and E. coli (P = 0.030) in the ileum
than controls. hLZ-fed pigs also had a greater duodenal villi width (P = 0.029)
than controls. Additionally, nonchallenged hLZ-fed pigs had fewer intraepithelial
lymphocytes per micron of villi height (P = 0.020) than nonchallenged controls.
These results indicate that the consumption of pasteurized hLZ goats' milk has
the potential to improve gastrointestinal health and is protective against an
EPEC in young weaned pigs. These same benefits may occur in young children if
they were to consume milk from hLZ-transgenic goats.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

PMID: 18424602 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

12: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008 Jun;283(1):62-8. Epub 2008 Apr 16.

Intragastric administration with recombinant Lactococcus lactis producing heme
oxygenase-1 prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia in rats.

Pang Q, Ji Y, Li Y, Bermöºdez-Humarö¡n LG, Hu G, Zeng Y.

Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Gut injury is a pivotal initiating event in the dysfunctional inflammatory
response that causes postinjury multiple organ failure. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)
is an important enzyme that provides cellular protection against oxidative stress
in different in vitro and in vivo systems. In this study, we evaluated the
protective effects of intragastrically administered live Lactococcus lactis
secreting bioactive HO-1 to treat intestinal mucosal injury induced by
lipopolysaccharide in rats. Intragastric administration with this recombinant L.
lactis strain led to active delivery of HO-1 at the mucosa and significantly
decreased morbidity and mortality of lipopolysaccharide -induced endotoxemia as
confirmed by blinded macroscopic and microscopic inflammatory scores (Chiu's
grade), myeloperoxidase activity, mortality, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and
IL-10 cytokine stimulation. This protective effect could be abolished by an HO-1
inhibitor, the zinc protoporphyrin-IX. Our results suggest that a food-grade
bacterium genetically modified to deliver bioactive HO-1 in situ exerts a
protective effect against intestinal mucosal injury in rats with endotoxemia via
modulation of the immune system. This novel approach may be beneficial for the
maintenance of the intestinal barrier and anti-inflammatory response of the lower
intestine.

PMID: 18422629 [PubMed - in process]

13: Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):320-1.

Ecology. Agriculture at a crossroads.

Kiers ET, Leakey RR, Izac AM, Heinemann JA, Rosenthal E, Nathan D, Jiggins J.

Institute of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije
Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
ekiers@falw.vu.nl

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

PMID: 18420917 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

14: Transgenic Res. 2008 Apr 11. [Epub ahead of print]

Environmental impact of herbicide regimes used with genetically modified
herbicide-resistant maize.

Devos Y, Cougnon M, Vergucht S, Bulcke R, Haesaert G, Steurbaut W, Reheul D.

Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent
University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium, Yann.Devos@UGent.be.

With the potential advent of genetically modified herbicide-resistant (GMHR)
crops in the European Union, changes in patterns of herbicide use are predicted.
Broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicides used with GMHR crops are expected to
substitute for a set of currently used herbicides, which might alter the
agro-environmental footprint from crop production. To test this hypothesis, the
environmental impact of various herbicide regimes currently used with non-GMHR
maize in Belgium was calculated and compared with that of possible herbicide
regimes applied in GMHR maize. Impacts on human health and the environment were
calculated through the pesticide occupational and environmental risk (POCER)
indicator. Results showed that the environmental impact of herbicide regimes
solely relying on the active ingredients glyphosate (GLY) or glufosinate-ammonium
(GLU) is lower than that of herbicide regimes applied in non-GMHR maize. Due to
the lower potential of GLY and GLU to contaminate ground water and their lower
acute toxicity to aquatic organisms, the POCER exceedence factor values for the
environment were reduced approximately by a sixth when GLY or GLU is used alone.
However, the environmental impact of novel herbicide regimes tested may be
underestimated due to the assumption that active ingredients used with GMHR maize
would be used alone. Data retrieved from literature suggest that weed control
efficacy is increased and resistance development delayed when GLY or GLU is used
together with other herbicides in the GMHR system. Due to the partial instead of
complete replacement of currently used herbicide regimes, the beneficial
environmental impact of novel herbicide regimes might sometimes be reduced or
counterbalanced. Despite the high weed control efficacy provided by the
biotechnology-based weed management strategy, neither indirect harmful effects on
farmland biodiversity through losses in food resources and shelter, nor shifts in
weed communities have been demonstrated in GMHR maize yet. However, with the
increasing adoption rate of GMHR maize and their associated novel herbicide
regimes, this situation is expected to change in the short-term.

PMID: 18404410 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

15: Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):171-3.

Plant genetics. The blue revolution, drop by drop, gene by gene.

Pennisi E.

Publication Types:
News

PMID: 18403686 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

16: Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Jun;46(6):2201-13. Epub 2008 Feb 29.

Subchronic feeding study of herbicide-tolerant soybean DP-356ö˜43-5 in
Sprague-Dawley rats.

Appenzeller LM, Munley SM, Hoban D, Sykes GP, Malley LA, Delaney B.

Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Johnston, IA, USA.

Optimumtrade markGATtrade mark(1) soybean is a genetically modified (GM) soybean
containing event DP-356ö˜43-5 (356043) that was produced by integration of the
coding sequences of the GAT4601 and GM-HRA proteins. In planta expression of
these proteins confers tolerance to glyphosate and sulfonylurea/imidazolinone
herbicides, respectively. This paper reports the results from a subchronic rat
feeding study conducted with 356043 soybeans. Dehulled/defatted toasted meal and
toasted ground hulls were prepared from soybeans from untreated plants (356043),
herbicide-treated plants (356043+Gly/SU), non-transgenic isoline control (091),
and three commercial non-transgenic reference varieties (93B86, 93B15, and
93M40). Individual diets conforming to standard certified rodent chow formulation
(Purina Rodent LabDiet((R)) 5002) were prepared with 20% meal (w/w) and 1.5%
hulls (w/w). Diets were fed to young adult Sprague-Dawley rats (12/sex/group) for
at least 93 days. Compared with rats fed the isoline control or conventional
reference diets, no biologically-relevant, adverse effects were observed in rats
fed diets containing 356043 or 356043+Gly/SU soybean with respect to body
weight/gain, food consumption/efficiency, clinical signs, mortality,
ophthalmology, neurobehavioral assessments (sensory response, grip strength,
motor activity), clinical pathology (hematology, coagulation, serum chemistry,
urinalysis), organ weights, and gross and microscopic pathology. The results from
this study indicate that 356043 soybeans are as safe and nutritious as
conventional non-GM soybeans.

PMID: 18403083 [PubMed - in process]

17: Nature. 2008 Mar 6;452(7183):122-4.

Almost in bloom.

Marris E.

PMID: 18396501 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

18: Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Apr;26(4):384-6.

Comment on:
Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Mar;26(3):260.

Bt corn in Spain--the performance of the EU's first GM crop.

Gö¨mez-Barbero M, Berbel J, Rodrö­guez-Cerezo E.

Publication Types:
Comment
Letter
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

PMID: 18392015 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

19: Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Apr;26(4):379; discussion 379-80.

Comment on:
Nat Biotechnol. 2007 Dec;25(12):1330.

An inconvenient version of events.

Monastra G.

Publication Types:
Comment
Letter

PMID: 18392011 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

20: Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Apr;26(4):365.

Tear-free onions.

Aldridge S.

Publication Types:
News

PMID: 18392004 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

21: Br J Nutr. 2008 Feb;99 Suppl 1:S22-5.

Influence of parental attitudes in the development of children eating behaviour.

Scaglioni S, Salvioni M, Galimberti C.

Pediatric Clinic S. Paolo Hospital University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
silviascaglioni@unimi.it

The present paper is a review of available data on effects of parental feeding
attitudes and styles on child nutritional behaviour. Food preferences develop
from genetically determined predispositions to like sweet and salty flavours and
to dislike bitter and sour tastes. There is evidence for existence of some
innate, automatic mechanism that regulate appetite. However, from birth genetic
predispositions are modified by experience. There are mechanisms of taste
development: mere exposure, medicine effect, flavour learning, flavour nutrient
learning. Parents play a pivotal role in the development of their child's food
preferences and energy intake, with research indicating that certain child
feeding practices, such as exerting excessive control over what and how much
children eat, may contribute to childhood overweight. Mothers are of particular
interest on children's eating behaviour, as they have been shown to spend
significantly more time than fathers in direct interactions with their children
across several familial situations.A recent paper describes two primary aspects
of control: restriction, which involves restricting children's access to junk
foods and restricting the total amount of food, and pressure, which involves
pressuring children to eat healthy foods (usually fruits and vegetables) and
pressuring to eat more in general.The results showed significant correlations
between parent and child for reported nutritional behaviour like food intake,
eating motivations, and body dis- and satisfaction. Parents create environments
for children that may foster the development of healthy eating behaviours and
weight, or that may promote overweight and aspects of disordered eating. In
conclusion positive parental role model may be a better method for improving a
child's diet than attempts at dietary control.

PMID: 18257948 [PubMed - in process]

22: BMC Biotechnol. 2008 Apr 3;8:36.

Development of patatin knockdown potato tubers using RNA interference (RNAi)
technology, for the production of human-therapeutic glycoproteins.

Kim YS, Lee YH, Kim HS, Kim MS, Hahn KW, Ko JH, Joung H, Jeon JH.

Plant Genome Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea. yoon1920@kribb.re.kr

BACKGROUND: Patatins encoded by a multi-gene family are one of the major storage
glycoproteins in potato tubers. Potato tubers have recently emerged as
bioreactors for the production of human therapeutic glycoproteins (vaccines).
Increasing the yield of recombinant proteins, targeting the produced proteins to
specific cellular compartments, and diminishing expensive protein purification
steps are important research goals in plant biotechnology. In the present study,
potato patatins were eliminated almost completely via RNA interference (RNAi)
technology to develop potato tubers as a more efficient protein expression
system. The gene silencing effect of patatins in the transgenic potato plants was
examined at individual isoform levels. RESULTS: Based upon the sequence
similarity within the multi-gene family of patatins, a highly conserved target
sequence (635 nts) of patatin gene pat3-k1 [GenBank accession no. DQ114421] in
potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) was amplified for the construction of a
patatin-specific hairpin RNAi (hpRNAi) vector. The CaMV 35S promoter-driven
patatin hpRNAi vector was transformed into the potato cultivar Desiree by
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Ten transgenic potato lines bearing
patatin hpRNA were generated. The effects of RNA interference were characterized
at both the protein and mRNA levels using 1D and 2D SDS/PAGE and quantitative
real-time RT-PCR analysis. Dependent upon the patatin hpRNAi line, patatins
decreased by approximately 99% at both the protein and mRNA levels. However, the
phenotype (e.g. the number and size of potato tuber, average tuber weight, growth
pattern, etc.) of hpRNAi lines was not distinguishable from wild-type potato
plants under both in vitro and ex vitro growth conditions. During glycoprotein
purification, patatin-knockdown potato tubers allowed rapid purification of other
potato glycoproteins with less contamination of patatins. CONCLUSION:
Patatin-specific hpRNAi effectively suppressed the expression of a majority of
patatin variants in potato tubers via the specific degradation of individual
mRNAs of the patatin multi-gene family. More importantly, patatin-knockdown
potato tubers appear to be an ideal host for the production of human therapeutic
glycoproteins, because they eventually allow fast, easy purification of
recombinant proteins, with less contamination from potato glycoprotein patatins.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

PMID: 18384693 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

23: Rev Med Suisse. 2008 Jan 30;4(142):314.

[Food and milk clones declared]

[Article in French]

Nau JY.

PMID: 18383942 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

24: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008 Mar 1;232(5):667.

FDA reaches final conclusion that food from clones is safe.

[No authors listed]

Publication Types:
News

PMID: 18380061 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

25: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Apr 1;105(13):5129-33. Epub 2008 Mar 28.

Anthropogenic increase in carbon dioxide compromises plant defense against
invasive insects.

Zavala JA, Casteel CL, Delucia EH, Berenbaum MR.

Institute for Genomic Biology and Departments of Plant Biology and Entomology,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), a consequence of
anthropogenic global change, can profoundly affect the interactions between crop
plants and insect pests and may promote yet another form of global change: the
rapid establishment of invasive species. Elevated CO2 increased the
susceptibility of soybean plants grown under field conditions to the invasive
Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) and to a variant of western corn rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) resistant to crop rotation by down-regulating
gene expression related to defense signaling [lipoxygenase 7 (lox7), lipoxygenase
8 (lox8), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (acc-s)]. The
down-regulation of these genes, in turn, reduced the production of cysteine
proteinase inhibitors (CystPIs), which are specific deterrents to coleopteran
herbivores. Beetle herbivory increased CystPI activity to a greater degree in
plants grown under ambient than under elevated CO2. Gut cysteine proteinase
activity was higher in beetles consuming foliage of soybeans grown under elevated
CO2 than in beetles consuming soybeans grown in ambient CO2, consistent with
enhanced growth and development of these beetles on plants grown in elevated CO2.
These findings suggest that predicted increases in soybean productivity under
projected elevated CO2 levels may be reduced by increased susceptibility to
invasive crop pests.

Publication Types:
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

PMID: 18375762 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

26: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 May 30;370(2):344-7. Epub 2008 Mar 26.

Enhancement of disease resistance to Magnaporthe grisea in rice by accumulation
of hydroxy linoleic acid.

Yara A, Yaeno T, Montillet JL, Hasegawa M, Seo S, Kusumi K, Iba K.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki,
Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.

Linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) are sources for various oxidized
metabolites called oxylipins, some of which inhibit growth of fungal pathogens.
In a previous study, we found disease resistance to rice blast fungus Magnaporthe
grisea enhanced in 18:2-accumulating transgenic rice (F78Ri) in which the
conversion from 18:2 to 18:3 was suppressed. Here, we demonstrate that
18:2-derived hydroperoxides and hydroxides (HPODEs and HODEs, respectively)
inhibit growth of M. grisea more strongly than their 18:3-derived counterparts.
Furthermore, in F78Ri plants, the endogenous levels of HPODEs and HODEs increased
significantly, compared with wild-type plants. These results suggest that the
increased accumulation of antifungal oxylipins, such as HPODEs and HODEs, causes
the enhancement of disease resistance against M. grisea.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

PMID: 18373976 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

27: RNA. 2008 May;14(5):903-13. Epub 2008 Mar 26.

Hairpin RNAs derived from RNA polymerase II and polymerase III promoter-directed
transgenes are processed differently in plants.

Wang MB, Helliwell CA, Wu LM, Waterhouse PM, Peacock WJ, Dennis ES.

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant Industry,
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia. ming-bo.wang@csiro.au

RNA polymerase III (Pol III) as well as Pol II (35S) promoters are able to drive
hairpin RNA (hpRNA) expression and induce target gene silencing in plants. siRNAs
of 21 nt are the predominant species in a 35S Pol II line, whereas 24- and/or
22-nucleotide (nt) siRNAs are produced by a Pol III line. The 35S line
accumulated the loop of the hpRNA, in contrast to full-length hpRNA in the Pol
III line. These suggest that Pol II and Pol III-transcribed hpRNAs are processed
by different pathways. One Pol III transgene produced only 24-nt siRNAs but
silenced the target gene efficiently, indicating that the 24-nt siRNAs can direct
mRNA degradation; specific cleavage was confirmed by 5' rapid amplification of
cDNA ends (RACE). Both Pol II- and Pol III-directed hpRNA transgenes induced
cytosine methylation in the target DNA. The extent of methylation is not
correlated with the level of 21-nt siRNAs, suggesting that they are not effective
inducers of DNA methylation. The promoter of a U6 transgene was significantly
methylated, whereas the promoter of the endogenous U6 gene was almost free of
cytosine methylation, suggesting that endogenous sequences are more resistant to
de novo DNA methylation than are transgene constructs.

PMID: 18367720 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

28: J Infect Dis. 2008 Feb 15;197 Suppl 1:S25-8.

Genetic strategy to prevent influenza virus infections in animals.

Chen J, Chen SC, Stern P, Scott BB, Lois C.

Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
02139, USA. jchen@mit.edu

The natural reservoirs of influenza viruses are aquatic birds. After adaptation,
avian viruses can acquire the ability to infect humans and cause severe disease.
Because domestic poultry serves as a key link between the natural reservoir of
influenza viruses and epidemics and pandemics in human populations, an effective
measure to control influenza would be to eliminate or reduce influenza virus
infection in domestic poultry. The development and distribution of
influenza-resistant poultry represents a proactive strategy for controlling the
origin of influenza epidemics and pandemics in both poultry and human
populations. Recent developments in RNA interference and transgenesis in birds
should facilitate the development of influenza-resistant poultry.

Publication Types:
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Review

PMID: 18269324 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

29: Genome. 2008 Jan;51(1):41-9.

An efficient field screening procedure for identifying transposants for
constructing an Ac/Ds-based insertional-mutant library of rice.

Luan WJ, He CK, Hu GC, Dey M, Fu YP, Si HM, Zhu L, Liu WZ, Duan F, Zhang H, Liu
WY, Zhuo RY, Garg A, Wu R, Sun ZX.

China National Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.

An efficient system was developed, and several variables tested, for generating a
large-scale insertional-mutagenesis population of rice. The most important
feature in this improved Ac/Ds tagging system is that one can conveniently carry
out large-scale screening in the field and select transposants at the seedling
stage. Rice was transformed with a plasmid that includes a Basta-resistance gene
(bar). After the Ds element is excised during transposition, bar becomes adjacent
to the ubiquitin promoter, and the rice plant becomes resistant to the herbicide
Basta. In principle, one can plant up to one million plants in the field and
select those plants that survive after spraying with Basta. To test the utility
of this system, 4 Ds starter lines were crossed with 14 different Ac plants, and
many transposants were successfully identified after planting 134,285 F2 plants
in the field. Over 2,800 of these transposants were randomly chosen for PCR
analysis, and the results fully confirmed the reliability of the field screening
procedure.

Publication Types:
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

PMID: 18356938 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

30: EMBO J. 2008 Apr 23;27(8):1183-96. Epub 2008 Mar 20.

Regulation of endocytic recycling by C. elegans Rab35 and its regulator RME-4, a
coated-pit protein.

Sato M, Sato K, Liou W, Pant S, Harada A, Grant BD.

Department of Molecular</