Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/biol_310/presentations/safflower.pdf Дата изменения: Wed Mar 11 21:42:21 2015 Дата индексирования: Sun Apr 10 20:35:46 2016 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: orange soil

Safflower
Carthamus tinctorius


Origin
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Be lo n g s t o t h e As t e r a c e a e f a m ily Daisy, Cosmo, Marigold, Dahlia

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Humanity's Oldest Crop
Ancient Egyptian textiles date the plant to the Twelfth Dynasty O r ig in a lly c u lt iv a t e d i n So u t h As ia a n d Eg y p t Grown chiefly in India H a s b e e n in t r o d u c e d a s a n o il c r o p i n t o t h e U n it e d St a t e s , Au s t r a lia , I s r a e l, Turkey, and Canada


Morphological Description
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Flowers come in colors or red, orange, and yellow Safflower fruits are achenes, usually called "seeds", s u r r o u n d e d b y a t h ic k f ib r o u s h u ll Ea c h s t e m b e a r s a t e r m in a l in f lo r e s c e n c e

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The leaves are sessile, arranged in a rosette from the base, 4 ­ 20 c m l ong
Upper leaves bear many sharp spines

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Height of the plant is about 3 ft
Plants are covered in stiff spines Taproots grow out 2-3m


Cultivation
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Grows best in full sun Ideal growing temperatures: about 20° to 30° C Long, dry hot summers Resistant to drought and will not tolerate cold

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To grow successfully they need an annual precipitation of 15 inches per y ear
Prefers soil that is well-drained with high levels of nitrogen and phos phor us Make sure to plant the plant in a permanent spot because it does not transport well

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Flowers are cross-pollinated but if absent, flowers will self -pollinate


Plant Uses
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F o u r ma i n u s e s Medicinal Oil Dyes Decorative Me d i c i n a l Used in traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate pain, increased circulation, and reduce bruising In India it is used as a laxative and diaphoretic properties, and are also used for children's complaints of measles, fevers and eruptive skin conditions

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Oil In culinary use, safflower oil compares favorably with other vegetable oils with its high smoke point.


Plant Uses cont.
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Dyes Classified as a Quinone-type dye Most common colors include Yellow, Mustard, Olive, and Khaki
Decorative Ancient Egyptians found the flower pleasing to the eye and included it in garlands placed on mummies

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Health Benefits
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High in Vitamin E High in unsaturated fats L o w in s a t u r a t e d f a t s

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Contains Omega-6 fatty acids to help burn c a lo r ie s
Does not contain any cholesterol

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When applied to skin, it is known to help s m o o t h a n d m o is t u r iz e s k in
Has not been proved by doctors or tests but it has shown to alleviate the symptoms of coronary heart disease, Type 2 Diabetes, high blood pressure, and arteriosclerosis

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Facts
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Safflower is also known as false saffron Safflower has been found in Egyptian tombs dating back to 3500 B.C. In the nineteenth century it was also known as Carthamine Rabbits love Safflower Two types of Safflower: White Safflower Red Safflower