Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/biol_310/2010_2011/presentations/yates_avocado.pdf Дата изменения: Sun Apr 10 12:48:24 2011 Дата индексирования: Mon Feb 4 00:54:38 2013 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: m 8

A m b e r Ya te s


Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Angiosperms Order: Laurales Family: Lauraceae Other members of this family include cinnamon,

camphor, and bay laurel Other names: Alligator Pear, Aguacate, Abacate, Palta, Butter Fruit


Originated in Puebla, Mexico

with native undomesticated variety called criollo Oldest evidence of avocado use was found in CoxcatlАn, Puebla, Mexico dating to ~10,000BC Earliest written account in Europe was by MartМn FernАndez de Enciso in 1518 First written record of the word `avocado' was by Hans Sloane in a 1696 index of Jamaican Plants



Height up to 69ft. Leaves are alternate and

4.7-9.8 in. long Flowers are greenishyellow and 0.2-0.4 in. long Fruit is pear shaped being 2.8-7.9 in. long weighing between 3.5-35oz, with a large central seed.


Tree produces an average of 1,200 avocados annually Commercial orchards produce between 7-20 tonnes

per hectare Trees are biennial with good crop yields one year and bad yields the next year Grown in subtropical or tropical climates Leading producers are Mexico, Indonesia, and U.S.


Fruit is climacteric meaning it matures on the tree but

ripens off the tree, like bananas Avocados must be picked mature to ripen properly Harvesting is done by hand Shipped in coolers until they reach their destination Fruit may be left on tree for several months, but if left too long may fall to the ground. This is an advantage for fruit growers who want to achieve the best price.


Plant may develop

seedless avocado called "cukes", "cocktail", or "finger" avocados
Usually discarded due to

their small size


"A" cultivar f lower opens as female on morning of first

day, closes, reopens as male in afternoon of second day "B" cultivar f lower opens female on afternoon of first day, closes, reopens as male on morning of second day Due to this dichogamy, propagation is done mostly by grafting. Most common variety is Hass avocado ("A" cultivar) and accounts for nearly 95% of Californian crops


60 % more potassium than bananas Sodium and cholesterol free Dietary fiber 6.7g per 3.5oz Protein 2g per 3.5oz High fat content: 15g per 3.5oz, but is healthy fat

mono-unsaturated fat
Diets high in this fat can reduce total cholesterol levels

and increase ratio of HDL "good" to LDL "bad" cholesterol


Leaf and seed extracts have been

used to treat diarrhea, dysentary, and osteoarthritis Avocado oil applied directly to the skin is used to treat thickening of the skin, gum infections and arthritis Avocado oil mixed with vitamin B12 is used topically to treat psoriasis



Avocado leaves contain persin, a toxic fatty acid

derivative that if consumed can lead to death in horses Most parts of plant including skin or pit are harmful to animals Aztecs called it "the fertility fruit" Word Avocado come from the Nuhuatl word for testicle


www.wikipedia.org www.avocado.org www.webmd.com www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/avocado_ars.h

tml http://www.bing.com/health/article/naturalstandard124702/Avocado-Persea-americana?q=avocado