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: http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~fine/Observatory/references.html
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This is a personal project collecting and documenting early images of Harvard College Observatory, focusing on the site at Observatory Hill (previously Summer House Hill). Buildings, instruments, people, and observations.
Disclaimer: all content here is solely my own views, and in no way represents the views of my employer, or anyone else. Also, I'm documenting things as I learn about them, so expect frequent errors. Corrections will occur without notice and without a changelog at this point.
This list of references is long in part because each web-based image source is viewed as a separate reference, even though half or more come from Harvard Libraries, through their Visual Information Access (VIA). This was the simplest way for me to easily refer to exactly where I got many of the images.
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Zech Brigden. An Almanack of the Cœlestial Motions for this Present Year of the Christian Æra 1659 / Being (in our Account) Bissextile, or Leap-year, and from the Creation (according to XXest Computation) 5608.. Samuel Green, 1659.almanack1659
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Israel Chauncy. An Almanack of the Cœlestial Motions for the Year of the Christian Æra 1663 / Being (in our Account) Bissextile, or Leap-year, and from the Creation 5612. S. Green and M. Johnson, 1663.almanack1663
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John Foster. An Almanack of Cœlestial Motions for the Year of the Christian Ephocha 1676 / Being first after Leap-year and from the Creation 5625.. John Foster, 1676.almanack1676
Foster was already a printer by this time, and printed this edition.
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Thomas Brattle. An Almanack of Cœlestial Motions of the Sun and Planets, with their principal Aspects, for the Year of the Christian Æra 1678 / Being in our Account the third after Leap-year and from the Creation 5627. S. Green and S. Green, 1678.almanack1678
Might this be Brattle's first astronomical publication?
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John Foster. An Almanack of Cœlestial Motions for the Year of the Christian Epocha 1681 / Being in our Account second after Leap-year, And From the Creation, 5630. J. F., 1681.almanack1681
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J. Hodgson. "An Account of Some Eclipses of the Sun and Moon, Observed by Mr Tho. Brattle, at Cambridge, about Four Miles from Boston in New-England, Whence the Difference of Longitude between Cambridge and London is Determin'd, from an Observation Made of One of Them at London." Philosophical Transactions vol. 24. 1704.brattleeclipse
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Jn. G. Hales. Plan of Cambridge / From Survey Taken in June 1830. June 1830.map1830
Date is the survey date, not the pulbication date. See image description for more information.
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Benjamin Pierce. A history of Harvard University / from its foundation, in the year 1636, to the period of the American revolution. Brown, Shattuck, and Company, 1833.histharvard
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Samuel A. Eliot. A Sketch of the History of Harvard College / and of its Present State. Charles C. Little and James Brown, 1848.sketchhist
Includes a timeline of donations to Harvard, Table II of the Appendix.
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William Cranch Bond. "Description of the Observatory at Cambridge." Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences vol. 4. Metcalf and Company, 1849.academybond
A precursor to the history he writes for the 1885 Annals volume 1 annals1. Is this the earliest publication from Bond on the Observatory? The article lists the submission date as 1848/11/8, which I use as the date of the images found here.
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Isaac Smith Homans. Sketches of Boston, past and present / and of some few places in its vicinity. Phillips, Sampson, and Company, 1851.sketches
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Gleason's Pictorial Drawing Room Companion. 1851.gleason
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Robert Sears. A Pictorial Description of the United States. 1852.pictorialus
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William Cranch Bond. Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College / History and Description of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College vol. 1. Metcalf and Company, 1856.annals1
The very first in a long series of "Annals" publications from the Observatory. This edition starts with a detailed early history of the observatory. Similar to the one found in the Memoirs of the AAAs in 1849 academybond, but expaneded.This history is tne entirety of Part 1. Part 2 contains astronomical results from observations.
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Elias Loomis. "Astronomical Observatories in the United States." Harper's New Monthly Magazine vol. 13 no. 73. June 1856.observusharpers
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The Descriptive Register of Genuine Bank Notes for the Detection of Spurious and Altered Bills / Containing Accurate, Elaborate, and Plain Descriptions of the Notes Issued by Every Bank in the United States and Canada, Conveniently Arranged for Reference. Gwynne and Day, Bankers, 1859.banknotes
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William Cranch Bond and George PHillips Bond [and Joseph Winlock]. Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College / 1859-1860 vol. 7. Welch, Bigelow, & Co., 1872.annals7
This Annals is mainly a catalog of 6100 stars. But it is also the earliest source I have of the photo (photolithograph) of Bond. Not published until 1872 under Director Joseph Winlock, this documents some of the final work of William Cranch Bond who died in 1859. His son George Phillips Bond continued his work and continued on as Director also, but he also died in 1865 before this work could be published. Joseph Winlock survived another three years before he also died as Director. (Later Ed Pickering would continue that tradition, but he at least had a long run as director. Finally Harlow Shapley ended it and retired from the position while still alive in 1952, living another twenty years.)
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Elias Nason. A Gazetteer of the State of Massachusetts. B. B. Russell, 1874.gazetteer
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F. O. Vaille and H. A. Clark (Class of 1874). The Harvard Book / A Series of Historical, Biographical, and Descriptive Sketches vol. 1. Welch, Bigelow, and Company, 1875.harvardbook
This is a beautiful book. Excellent photos of Winlock, Pierce, Lovering with short biographies. New (?) photo of Observatory (lawn mower man, plus others, seems familiar) Dana house photo
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"Joseph Winlock." Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences vol. 11 (whole series). Press of John Wilson and Son, 1876.academywinlock
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Fiftieth Annual Report of the President of Harvard College. / 1874-1875.. John Wilson and Son., 1876.harvardreport7475
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Fiftieth Annual Report of the President of Harvard College. / 1875-1876.. John Wilson and Son., 1877.harvardreport7576
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[Joseph Winlock and Arthur Searle?]. Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College vol. 8. John Wilson and Son, October 1876.annals8
This edition was released a year or so after the third director, Joseph Winlock, passed away. Arthur Searle was the assistant director, and prepared this volume.harvardreport7576 Part 1 is "Historical Account of the Observatory from October, 1855, to October, 1876." Part 2 contains: "I. Astronomical Engravings of the Moon, Planets, etc. prepared at the expense of the funds already named [Sturgis fund; Josaiah Quincy] II. Astronomical Engravings Illustrating Solar Phenomena." The Illustrations in part II are largely the work of L. Trouvelet.
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Richard A. Proctor. "The Moons of Mars." The English Mechanic / And World of Science vol. 26. 14 September 1877.mechanic26
Article on the diescover of Phobos and Demios
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The Academy vol. 12 no. 280. 15 September 1877.academy12
Mention of discovery of phobos and deimos
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Greenough's Cambridge Directory for 1878. Greenough & Co., 1878.cambdir1878
Includes:
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Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College / Observations with the Meridian Photometer During the Years 1879-82 vol. 14. John Wilson and Son, 1885.annals14
Includes an engraving matching the photo in olvwork431861 Description of the two-inch (aka one-and-a-half, aka 1.6 inch) meridian photometer.
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Edward C. Pickering. Henry Draper Memorial / First Annual Report of the Photographic Study of Stellar Spectra vol. 1. John Wilson and Son, 1887.draperreport1887
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Edward C. Pickering. Forty-First Annual Report of the Director of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College. Published by the University, 07 December 1886.annual1886
Same URL contains 1885-1904 Annual reports 1886 report mentions that Mrs. Draper provided an 11" lens, mounting, and a small observatory to contain it. Apparently close to the end of that year.
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Edward C. Pickering. Forty-Second Annual Report of the Director of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College. Published by the University, 02 December 1887.annual1887
Same URL contains 1885-1904 Annual reports 1887 report mentions building of two domes for 28 reflect, 11 refract, plans for another for boyden fund instrument Also the use of two houses on Madison, purchase of one, use of the other already owned. And the construction of a forty-foot long building for photographic and spectrographic purposes.
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Edward C. Pickering. Henry Draper Memorial / Second Annual Report of the Photographic Study of Stellar Spectra vol. 2. John Wilson and Son, 1888.draperreport1888
Contains one of the best scans of an early observatory photo I have.
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Edward C. Pickering. Henry Draper Memorial / Third Annual Report of the Photographic Study of Stellar Spectra vol. 3. John Wilson and Son, 1889.draperreport1889
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Daniel W. Baker. History of the Harvard College Observatory During the Period 1840-1890. 1890.baker90
Reprinted from a series of articles in the Boston Evening Traveller. A preface by Edward C. Pickering states that the series spanned six successive Saturdays beginning August 2, 1890.
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"Joseph Lovering. [Obituary]." The Harvard Crimson. 19 January 1892.joveringcrimsonobit
Career overview.
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Helen Leah Reed. "Women's Work at the Harvard Observatory.." The New England Magazine vol. 6 no. 2. April 1892.womenswork
Includes several photos, including two common photos of women computers in the old computing rooms; Snowy observatory from platform; Henry Draper; "Draper Photographic Telescope", and shed; plates; spectra; Arequipa; Williamina (not found elsewhere!); variable star graph. Two eight inch telescopes? Mentions Fleming, Maury, and Leland. Bizarrely this article uses no first names of the women computers. First names of already famous women, and first names of men are used. Editorial policy of the day? Random coincidence?
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Edward C. Pickering. Forty-Seventh Annual Report of the Director of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College. Published by the University, 31 October 1892.annual1892
Same URL contains 1885-1904 Annual reports This report talks about the beginning of the bruce telescope building, the beginning of building the directors' residence (and finances), and fund-raising for the photographic library, which is mostly completed.
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Edward C. Pickering. Forty-Eighth Annual Report of the Director of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College. Published by the University, 31 October 1893.annual1893
Same URL contains 1885-1904 Annual reports 1893 report mentions completion of construction of director's residence addition, near completion of the Bruce building and mounting, a transfer of plates to the new brick building. Transferred boxes of 100 plates at a time on a pulley system!!! "allowed to run down" !
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Annie J. Cannon. In the Footsteps of Columbus. 1893.footsteps
Annie Jump Cannon's first publication? Before her astronomy career began. A book of photos she took as a budding photographer, and a description of her trip abroad.
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William H. Pickering. Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College / Part 1: Investigations in Astronomical Photography vol. 32. University Press / John Wilson and Son, 1895.annals32p1
Contains descriptions of their photographic techniques
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Edward S. Holden. Memorials of William Cranch Bond and of His Son George Phillips Bond. 1897.bondmemorials
A collection of memorials from colleagues, and bits of letters and diaries of the father and son.
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William H. Pickering. Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College / Part 2: Visual Observations of the Moon and Planets vol. 32. University Press / John Wilson and Son, 1900.annals32p2
Contains descriptions of their photographic techniques
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William Jay Youmans. Pioneers of Science in America / Sketches of their Lives and Scientific Work. D. Appleton and Company, 1896.scipioneers
"Reprinted with Additions from the Popular Science Monthly" Some stuff on John Winthrop, the astronomer. Stuff on W. C. Bond, good quality engraving
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Harriet Richardson Donaghe. "Photographic Flashes from Harvard Observatory." Popular Astronomy vol. 6 no. 9. November 1898.popularastro6
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