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: http://crydee.sai.msu.ru/~vab/Wavelet.rsc/Chirplet.dir/node19.html
Дата изменения: Thu Apr 16 02:25:38 1998 Дата индексирования: Tue Oct 2 13:31:41 2012 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: annular solar eclipse |
We begin by discussing the CF plane, and then present an argument for re-parameterizing this plane in terms of two frequency indices, leading to what we will be calling ``frequency-frequency'' (FF) analysis.
Consider a two-dimensional slice through the five-dimensional CCT parameter space that we defined in (11):
S_c,f_c = C_0,f_c,0,c,0 g(t) \: \: s(t)
where s(t) is an arbitrary time series,
and the two dimensions of the transform space are the
slope of the frequency rise, c, and the center frequency 
.
This transform is knownmannVI91 as the
``bowtie (
) subspace'' since
the CF plane of a chirp is a sharp peak surrouned by faint
bowtie-shaped contours (Fig. 6).
Computing the CF plane of a
signal, s(t), is equivalent to correlating the signal with a family of chirps
that are parameterized by chirprate, c and center frequency, .
Calculating the CF plane from a signal that contains pure tones results in
peaks on the 
axis. Downchirps in the signal
result in peaks to the left of this line, and upchirps result in
peaks to the right.
Figure: FIGURE GOES SOMEWHERE IN THIS GENERAL VICINITY
For a
discrete function,
we would have
periodicity in the CF plane, and the Nyquist boundary is
diamond (
) shaped.
The Nyquist limit dictates that the chirps with the
highest (lowest) c values
begin with a fractional frequency of -1/2 (+1/2)
and end with a frequency of +1/2 (-1/2).
These chirps will both lie on the 
axis of the CF plane.
Consider a chirp that begins with a frequency 1/4 and
ends with a frequency of 3/4.
It has the same chirprate: c = 3/4-1/4 = 1/2, but
it will violate the Nyquist limit because part of the chirp exceeds the
fractional frequency of 1/2, and will therefore give rise to aliasing.
Ideally we would like this transform to have nice rectangular boundaries
for convenient viewing on a video display,
so we overcome the Nyquist problem by tilting the parameter
space 
. The new chirplets are then given by:
C_0, (f_end+f_beg)/2, 0, (f_end-f_beg)/2, 0
g(t)
=
g(t) e^j 2 (f_end-f_beg2t
+ f_end+f_beg2)t
where g denotes the mother chirplet.
The change of coordinates from the CF plane to the FF plane is given by
and 
.
When the analysis interval (window) is of finite duration,
may be taken to be the instantaneous frequency of the chirp
at the beginning of the analysis interval (time window) and
the instantaneous frequency at the end of this interval.
Since the new parameterization involves two frequency coordinates,
we will refer to the resulting parameter space as the
``frequency-frequency'' (FF) plane.
Figure 7
Figure: FIGURE GOES SOMEWHERE IN THIS GENERAL VICINITY
shows the FF plane computed from a harmonic oscillation.
The value of the function defined on the FF plane,
evaluated at the origin gives a measure
of how strong the chirp component from 0 to 0 (the DC component) is.
The value at coordinates (0,1/2), for example,
gives the strength of the component
of a chirp going from a frequency
of 0 to 1/2.
Values of the FF plane in the upper left half (above and to
the left of the diagonal 
)
correspond to upchirps; those to the lower right
correspond to downchirps.
The values of the FF plane along the diagonal line, ,
define the Fourier transform of the original time-domain signal;
the windowed version of the signal may be entirely re-constructed from only
the diagonal of the complex-valued FF plane.