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APPENDIX 1
Fortran and Pascal
Advantages of Fortran:
Fortran is a simple language
Fortran has always existed
Fortran compilers are generally available
Earlier the first programming language
Used commercially for technical and scientific computations
Scientists have no interest in learning new languages
Good at numerical analysis and technical calculations
It is necessary to structure the problem in order to use Fortran
A large number of programs and routines in Fortran are exchanged
internationally
Efficient compilers
The first standardized programming language
Better standard obedience than other languages
Is continually developed (a new version each decade)
The dominating language on supercomputers
Differences between Fortran 77 and Pascal:
Fortran doesn't use assignments with := or end of statements
with ;
Fortran doesn't have reserved words, it has short identifiers,
the identifiers do not have to be specified
Fortran does not have records, pointers, user-defined types,
scalar types, subintervals, but it has COMPLEX and DOUBLE
PRECISION
Fortran 77 does not have WHILE and REPEAT
Fortran did not get IF THEN ELSE ENDIF until 1978
A bad CASE in Fortran 77. Fortran 77 is not able to nest
functions and subroutines and does not permit recursive calls
Fortran has very good input and output, but those facilities
are very difficult to learn
Fortran has separate compilation
Fortran manages national characters in comments and output
The punched card orientation with Fortran can still give some
problems
Blanks are not significant (except now in the fixed form of
Fortran 90)
Mixing of integers and floating-point numbers is implemented differently
Arrays in Fortran 77 have to be assigned values using an explicit loop
Fortran programs are usually less well structured then Pascal
programs