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Arthropoda Selecta 19(4): 237247

ї ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2010

On two closely related wolf spider species Alopecosa beckeri (Thorell, 1875) and A. taeniopus (Kulczyсski, 1895) (Aranei: Lycosidae) Два близких вида пауков-волков Alopecosa beckeri (Thorell, 1875) и A. taeniopus (Kulczyсski, 1895) (Aranei: Lycosidae) Anton A. Nadolny, Mykola M. Kovblyuk А.А. Надольный, Н.М. Ковблюк
Zoology Department, V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University, 4 Yaltinskaya str., Simferopol 95007, Ukraine. E-mail: nadolnyanton@mail.ru, kovblyuk@mail.ru Кафедра зоологии Таврического национального университета им. В.И.Вернадского, ул. Ялтинская 4, Симферополь 95007, Украина.

KEY WORDS: spiders, Alopecosa, redescriptions, spatial distribution, phenology, Crimea. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: пауки, Alopecosa, переописания, ландшафтное распределение, фенология, Крым. ABSTRACT. Redescriptions of two closely related species Alopecosa beckeri and A. taeniopus are provided based on specimens from Crimea. Comparative illustrations, diagnoses, spatial distribution, seasonal dynamic of activity for each species are presented. Distribution of A. beckeri presumably is limited by Crimean Mountains, and this species is endemic of Crimea probably. The earlier Crimean records of A. mariae and A striatipes are most possible misidentifications of A. taeniopus. РЕЗЮМЕ. По экземплярам из Крыма переописаны близкие и трудно различимые виды Alopecosa beckeri и A. taeniopus. Для обоих видов приведены сравнительные рисунки, дифференциальный диагноз, распределение по ландшафтным зонам Крыма и сезонная динамика активности половозрелых особей. Предполагается, что A. beckeri распространен исключительно в Крымских горах, и что этот вид эндемик Крыма. Указания из Крыма видов A. mariae и A striatipes, вероятно, результат ошибочного определения A. taeniopus. out illustrations, and A. taeniopus was recorded by Spassky [1927] only once. Absence of redescriptions and any illustrations of A. beckeri and its similarity in copulatory organs to A. taeniopus, is making these species difficult to distinguish. Study of syntypes of A. beckeri in Swedish Museum of Natural History (Stockholm), and specimens newly collected in Crimea, has confirmed the presence of these two closely related species in Crimea, and the lack in Crimea any other related species (A. mariae for example). The aim of article is to provide redescriptions of A. beckeri and A. taeniopus, and also to provide information about the spatial distribution and seasonal dynamics of activity of adults in Crimea.

Material and Methods
Syntypes of A. beckeri were examined by M.K. in the Swedish Museum of Natural History (Stockholm) in 2004 courtesy of T. Kronestedt. Drawings and photos of the male palp and female epigyne of syntypes of A. beckeri were examined courtesy of Yu.M. Marusik and T. Kronestedt. Specimens of A. beckeri and A. taeniopus from Crimea for this study were recently collected by M.K., mostly by pitfall traps. Specimens of A. taeniopus from Belgorod and Rostov Areas of Russia from collection A.V. Ponomarev (Rostov-onDon) were examined as comparative material. Following abbreviations have been used in text: SMNH Swedish Museum of Natural History (Stockholm); TNU collection Zoology Department, V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University (Simferopol); a apical; d dorsal; pl prolateral; rl retrolateral; v ventral. Abbreviations on figures: tg.ap tegular apophysis; p palea; e embolus. Illustrations were made using reflecting and transmitted light microscopes. Illustrations of epigynes were made after maceration in KOH 20% water solution.

Introduction
The genus Alopecosa Simon, 1885, contains 160 species, mostly from the Palaearctic [Platnick, 2010]. So far 13 species have been reported from Crimea [Kovblyuk, 2004]: A. accentuata (Latreille, 1817), A. beckeri (Thorell, 1875), A. cronebergi (Thorell, 1875), A. cursor (Hahn, 1831), A. inquilina (Clerck, 1758), A. mariae (F. Dahl, 1908), A. pentheri (Nosek, 1905), A. pulverulenta (Clerck, 1758), A. schmidti (Hahn, 1835), A. solitaria (Hermann, 1879), A. sulzeri (Pavesi, 1873), A. taeniopus (Kulczyсski, 1895) and A. trabalis (Clerck, 1758). Some of them are poorly known, or their records are doubtful. For example, A. beckeri is known after the original description by Thorell [1875a] with-


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Figs 14. Male palps of Alopecosa beckeri (12) and A. taeniopus (34): 1, 3 ventral view; 2, 4 prolateral view. Рис. 14. Пальпы самцов Alopecosa beckeri (12) и A. taeniopus (34): 1, 3 вентрально; 2, 4 пролатерально.


Alopecosa beckeri and A. taeniopus Coloration was described from specimens preserved in 75% ethanol/water solution with added glycerin (9:1 by volume). Legs and palps segments were measured after their separation from the cephalothorax. All measurements are in mm. All scale bars are equal 0.1 mm.

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Species survey
Alopecosa beckeri (Thorell, 1875) Figs 12, 56, 910, 1316, 21, 2324, 2728, 3135.
Tarentula b. Thorell, 1875a: 104 (). Tarentula b.: Thorell, 1875b: 151 (). Lycosa b.: Schmidt, 1895: 454 (). RECORDS FROM CRIMEA. Thorell, 1875a sub Tarentula b. sp.n.; Schmidt, 1895 sub Lycosa; Reimoser, 1919 sub Tarentula; Charitonov, 1932; Tyshchenko, 1971; Mikhailov, 1997; Kovblyuk, 2002 sub Tarentula; Kovblyuk, 2004a. MATERIAL. UKRAINE. Crimea: Syntypes 1 , 1 (SMNH, Collectio Thorell, No. 232/1452, 233/1452), Yalta, leg. A. von Nordmann. Alushta Distr.: 1 (TNU), Alushta, 13.01.2001, E.Yu. Sviridenko; 2 (TNU), Chatyr-Dagh Mt., Eklizi-Burun Mt., S slope, 1100 m, 10.03.2008, A.A. Nadolny; Bakhchisaray Distr.: 4 , 1 (TNU), Ay-Petry Yaila, 17 km N from Visokogornoe Vil., 89.09.1999, M.M. Kovblyuk; Simferopol Distr.: 13 , 9 (TNU), NE slope of Chatyr-Dagh Mt., 29.03.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 2 (TNU), NNW slope of Chatyr-Dagh Mt., 12.04.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 7 , 3 (TNU), E slope of Chatyr-Dagh Mt., 13.05.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 , 1 (TNU), Chatyr-Dagh Yaila, 4.11.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk & O.V. Kukushkin; 5 , 8 (TNU), Chatyr-Dagh Mt., Orlinoe Gorge, pitfalls, 8.0418.11.2000, 17.03.2002, M.M. Kovblyuk; Sudak Distr.: 3 (TNU), between Shelkovichnoe and Veseloe Vil., 26.05.1998, M.V. Onchurov; Yalta Distr.: 1 (TNU), environs Yalta, 910.09.1999, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 (TNU), Yalta Mountain-Forest Nature Reserve, Yaltinskaya Yaila Mt., over Uch-Kosh Gorge, 16.04.2000, G.A. Prokopov; 1 , 1 (TNU), Martyan Cape Reserve, pitfalls, 25.0330.04.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 (TNU), Martyan Cape Reserve, pitfalls, 1024.03.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk; 5 , 1 (TNU), Yalta, Massandra park, pitfalls, 24.12.200015.04.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk; 8 , 2 (TNU), Martyan Cape Reserve, pitfalls, 19.02.200017.04.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1, 1 (TNU), same locality, 10.0329.04.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 (TNU), Crimean State Nature Reserve, environs of kordon Asport, 13.06.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk; 3 , 3 (TNU), Yalta Mountain-Forest Nature Reserve, Yaltinskaya Yaila Mt., Iograf-Bogaz Gorge, 9.09.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 (TNU), Ay-Petry Mt., 16.09.2001, A.A. Khaustov; 1 (TNU), Ay-Petry Yaila, Kilse-Burun Mt., 14.10.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk; 107 , 51 (TNU), 1 km N from Nikita, pitfalls, 8.01.2000-3.03.2007, M.M. Kovblyuk & A.A. Khaustov; 1 (TNU), Yalta MountainForest Nature Reserve, Yalta Yaila Mt., 1.05.2002, A.A. Khaustov; 1 , 5 (TNU), Yalta, 27.10.2002, A.A. Khaustov; 1 (TNU), Ay-Petry Mt., 1200 m a.s.l., 56.10.2003, O.V. Kukushkin; 15 , 29 (TNU), Crimean State Nature Reserve, Nikitskaya Yaila Mt. (=Scrinita), pitfalls, 9.03.200126.05.2002, M.M. Kovblyuk; 50 , 27 (TNU), Yalta Mountain-Forest Nature Reserve, Uch-Kosh Gorge, N 44њ32?22?, E 34њ10?44?, 527 m a.s.l., pitfalls, 10.03-13.12.2008, M.M. Kovblyuk.

anterior part forms the swelling (Figs 23, 27). Epigyne of A. taeniopus with curved margins, and without swelling on anterior part (Figs 25, 29). A. beckeri usually has light colored venter of abdomen (rarely dark) (Figs 3335), but in A. taeniopus venter of abdomen is always dark (Figs 3839). In addition these species differs slightly by body size: in A. beckeri male carapace 4.45.6 long, in female 4.86.2 long; in A. taeniopus 3.84.7 and 4.25.1 respectively. DESCRIPTION. Male and female from Crimea. Measurements (/): total length 9.5 / 12.5; carapace 5.6 / 6.0 long, 3.5 / 4.4 wide. Length of palp segments (male/female): femur 2.1 / 2.1, patella 1.2 / 1.2, tibia 2.2 / 1.2, tarsus 1.7 / 1.7. Length of leg segments (male/ female):
Leg I II III IV Femur 3.4 / 4.0 3.2 / 3.8 3.1 / 3.5 4.0 / 4.6 Patella 1.8 / 2.2 1.8 / 2.1 1.6 / 1.8 1.8 / 2.2 Tibia 2.7 / 3.0 2.4 / 2.7 2.2 / 2.4 3.1 / 3.6 Metatarsus 2.8 / 2.8 2.8 / 2.8 3.0 / 3.2 4.4 / 5.0 Tarsus 2.0 / 1.8 1.8 / 1.8 1.6 / 1.7 2.0 / 2.2

DIAGNOSIS. Male palp of A. beckeri is similar to that of A. taeniopus, from which it can be distinguished by not bifurcate tegular apophysis (Figs 12, 56, 21) (bifurcate in A. taeniopus see Figs 34, 78, 22). A. beckeri differs also from A. taeniopus by having an embolus not reaching the paleal edge (Figs 910) (in A. taeniopus embolus reaches paleal edge Figs 11 12). Epigyne of A. beckeri with straight margins and on

Male leg spination. Femur: I d 1-1-1, pl 1, rl 1-11; II d 1-1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1-1; III d 1-1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1-1; IV d 1-1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1. Patella: I pl 1; II pl 1; III pl 1, rl 1; IV pl 1, rl 1. Tibia: I pl 11, rl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a); II pl 1-1, rl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a); III d 1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a); IV d 1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a). Metatarsus: I pl 1-1-1 (a), rl 1-11 (a), v 2-2-3 (a); II pl 1-1-1 (a), rl 1-1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a); III pl 1-1-1 (a), rl 1-1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a); IV pl 1-1-1 (a), rl 1-1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a). Female leg spination. Femur: I d 1-1-1, pl 1, rl 11; II d 1-1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1; III d 1-1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1; IV d 1-1-1, pl 1, rl 1-1. Patella: II pl 1; III pl 1, rl 1; IV pl 1, rl 1. Tibia: I pl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a); II pl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a); III d 1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1, v 22-2 (a); IV d 1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a). Metatarsus: I pl 1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a); II pl 1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a); III pl 1-1-1 (a), rl 1-1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a); IV pl 1-1-1 (a), rl 1-1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a). Cheliceral teeth (): anterior 3, posterior 2. General appearance: male Figs 31, 3334; female Figs 32, 35. Abdomen more often light on venter, rarely dark (Fig 34). Male palp: Figs 12, 56, 910, 1316, 21; epigyne: Figs 2324, 2728. VARIATION. Males (n = 10): carapace length varies from 4.4 to 5.6, carapace width from 3.2 to 4.0. Females (n = 10): carapace length varies from 4.8 to 6.2, carapace width from 3.7 to 4.6. TYPE LOCALITY. Environs of Yalta, Crimea [Thorell, 1875b; label data of syntypes]. DISTRIBUTION. Crimean Mountains. NOTE. Record A. beckeri from Sarepta (Krasnoarmeisk in Volgograd Area of Russia) [Becker, 1888; Charitonov, 1932; Mikhailov, 1997] is rather doubtful and must be referred to another, probably undescribed, species. This problem should be addressed in the future. That is why A. beckeri should be listed as species endemic for the Crimean Peninsula.


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Figs 58. Male copulatory organs (bulbus) of Alopecosa beckeri (56) and A. taeniopus (78): 5, 7 retrolateral view; 6, 8 ventral view. Рис. 58. Копулятивные органы самцов (бульбус) Alopecosa beckeri (56) и A. taeniopus (78): 5, 7 ретролатерально; 6, 8 вентрально.

HABITATS. Sub-Mediterranean and mountains forests with Juniperus excelsa, J. oxycedrus, J. sabina, Pistacia mutica, Arbutus andrachne, Pinus kochiana, P. pallasiana, Quercus pubescens, Q. petraea, Carpinus orientalis, Carpinus betulus. PHENOLOGY. IXII, IIXI. Alopecosa taeniopus (Kulczyсski, 1895) Figs 34, 78, 1112, 1720, 22, 2526, 2930, 3639.
Tarentula t. Kulczyсski, 1895: 16, pl. 1, f. 6, 9 (). Lycosa lineatipes Nosek, 1905: 139, f. 16 (). A. t.: Lugetti, Tongiorgi, 1969: 84, f. 24ad ().

A. t.: Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu, 1971: 168, f. 82ae (). A. mariae: Hu & Wu, 1989: 192, f. 159.12 (, misidentified). A. t.: Mcheidze, 1997: 219, f. 459 (). A. t.: Song et al., 1999: 318, f. 188C (). RECORDS FROM CRIMEA. Spassky, 1927; Charitonov, 1932; Tyshchenko, 1971; Mikhailov, 1997 sub Tarentula; Kovblyuk, 2004a, 2004b sub Tarentula; Kovblyuk et al., 2008a misidentification A. beckeri; Kovblyuk et al., 2008b. As Alopecosa mariae (F. Dahl, 1908) misidentifications: Thorell, 1875a,b sub Tarentula striatipes Dol.; Charitonov, 1932 and Mikhailov, 1997 sub Tarentula; Kovblyuk, 2004. NOTE. Thorells records of A. striatipes from Simferopol, Sewastopol, Alma [Thorell, 1875a: 104] was referred by Charitonov [1932] to A. mariae. This record was based on unknown sex and number of specimens collected in Crimea by A. Nordmann. A. striatipes and especially A. mariae are very similar to A. taeniopus


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Figs 912. Embolic division of Alopecosa beckeri (910) and A. taeniopus (1112): 9, 11 ventral view; 10, 12 apical view. Рис. 912. Эмболярный отдел Alopecosa beckeri (910) и A. taeniopus (1112): 9, 11 вентрально; 10, 12 апикально.

[see Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1969]. In our material from the Crimea A. striatipes and A. mariae are absent. It is reasonable to conclude that the earlier records A. striatipes and A. mariae from the Crimea were based on misidentification of A. taeniopus. MATERIAL. UKRAINE. Crimea: Bakhchisaray Distr.: 1 (TNU), Esky-Kermen, 24.02.1996, M.M. Kovblyuk; Feodosiya Distr.: 1 (TNU), Karadagh Nature Reserve, Svyataya Mt., S slope, 12.10.2003, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 (TNU), same locality, Besh-Tash Mt., SE and W slope, 12.04.2004, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 , 1 (TNU), same locality, Lobovoy Mt. Range, Shapka Monomaha Mt., 2630.09.2006, O.V. Kukushkin; 1 (TNU), same locality, near Shapka Monomaha Mt., 19.05.2008, A.A. Nadolny; 1 (TNU), same locality, Biological Station, O.V. Kukushkin; 1 (TNU), Feodosiya, Pasha-Tepe (=Lysaya) Mt., 2008, V.V. Savchuk. Lenin Distr. (Kerch Peninsula): 1 (TNU), Opuk Mt., SE slope, 6.10.1999, M.M. Kovblyuk. Saky Distr.: 88 , 38 (TNU), environs of Pribrezhnaya railway station, pitfalls, 8.02 3.12.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk. Simferopol Distr.: 2 (TNU), Simferopol, 15.03., 14.04.1996, M.M. Kovblyuk; 2 (TNU), env. Strogonovka Vil., 16.02.1997, M.M. Kovblyuk; 2 , 5 (TNU), env. Krasnolesye Vil., 31.03.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 (TNU), env. of Andrusovo Vil., pitfalls, 26.098.10.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 30 , 6 (TNU), near Lozovoe, SE slope of Bairakly Mt., pitfalls, 6.0226.11.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 5 (TNU), Simferopol, 1.5 km N from dam of Simferopol water reservoir, pitfalls, 6.0226.11.2000, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 (TNU), env. of Strogonovka Vil., 11.02.2001, M.M. Kovblyuk; 149 , 41 (TNU), env. of Skvortsovo Vil., steppe, pitfalls, 17.0210.07.2002, M.M. Kovblyuk; 1 (TNU), env. of Chystenkoe Vil., 89.05.2004, E.Yu. Sviridenko. COMPARATIVE MATERIAL. RUSSIA. Belgorod Area: 1 (TNU), 25 km W from Belgorod, Kustovoe Vil., steppe, 17.10.1998, A.V. Ponomarev. Rostov Area: Ust-Donetsk Distr.: 2 (TNU), Razdorskaya Vil., steppe, 28.0913.10.2001, A.V. Ponomarev; 7 (TNU), same locality, 1030.05.2003, A.V. Ponomarev; 2 ,

DIAGNOSIS. See the A. beckeri diagnosis. DESCRIPTION. Male and female from Crimea. Measurements (/): total length 8.7 / 10.0; carapace 4.7 / 5.0 long, 3.3 / 3.5 wide. Length of palp segments (male/ female): femur 1.8 / 1.6, patella 0.9 / 0.9, tibia 0.8 / 0.9, tarsus 1.5 / 1.4. Length of leg segments (male/female):
Leg I II III IV Femur 3.0 / 3.2 3.0 / 3.0 2.8 / 2.7 3.4 / 3.6 Patella 1.6 / 1.8 1.6 / 1.6 1.4 / 1.5 1.6 / 1.7 Tibia 2.3 / 2.2 2.2 / 2.1 2.0 / 1.9 2.7 / 2.8 Metatarsus 2.6 / 2.2 2.4 / 2.2 2.6 / 2.4 3.8 / 3.9 Tarsus 1.8 / 1.6 1.7 / 1.6 1.6 / 1.5 2.0 / 2.0

2 (TNU), Krymskyi Vil., 25.046.06.2005, A.V. Ponomarev; 1 (TNU), Rasdorskaya Vil., steppe, 17.09.2007, M.M. Kovblyuk.

Male leg spination. Femur: I d 1-1-1, pl 1, rl 1-1; II d 1-1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1; III d 1-1-1, pl 1-1, rl 11-1; IV d 1-1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1. Patella: I pl 1; II pl 1; III pl 1, rl 1; IV pl 1, rl 1. Tibia: I pl 1-1, rl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a); II pl 1-1, rl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a); III d 1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a); IV d 1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1-1, v 2-2-2 (a). Metatarsus: I pl 1-1-1 (a), rl 1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a); II pl 1-1-1 (a), rl 1-1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a); III pl 1-1-1 (a), rl 1-1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a); IV pl 1-1-1 (a), rl 1-1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a). Female leg spination. Femur: I d 1-1-1, pl 1, rl 11; II d 1-1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1; III d 1-1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1-1; IV d 1-1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1. Patella: III pl 1, rl 1; IV pl 1, rl 1. Tibia: I pl 1, v 2-2-2 (a); II pl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a); III d 1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a);


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Figs 1322. Male palps and tegular apophyses of Alopecosa beckeri (1316, 21) and A. taeniopus (1720, 22): 13, 17 retrolateral view; 14, 18, 2122 ventral view; 15, 19 apical view; 16, 20 prolateral view. Рис. 1322. Пальпы самцов и отростки тегулюма Alopecosa beckeri (1316, 21) и A. taeniopus (1720, 22): 13, 17 ретролатерально; 14, 18, 2122 вентрально; 15, 19 апикально; 16, 20 пролатерально.


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Figs 2326. Epigynes of Alopecosa beckeri (2324) and A. taeniopus (2526): 23, 25 ventral view; 24, 26 dorsal view. Рис. 2326. Эпигины Alopecosa beckeri (2324) и A. taeniopus (2526): 23, 25 вентрально; 24, 26 дорсально (после мацерации).

IV d 1-1, pl 1-1, rl 1-1, v 2-2-2 (a). Metatarsus: I pl 1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a); II pl 1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a); III pl 1-1-1 (a), rl 1-1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a); IV pl 1-1-1 (a), rl 1-1-1 (a), v 2-2-3 (a). Cheliceral teeth (): anterior 3, posterior 2. General appearance: male Figs 36, 38; female Figs 37, 39. Venter of abdomen is dark. Male palp: Figs 34, 78, 1112, 1720, 22; epigyne: Figs 2526, 2930. VARIATION. Males (n = 10): carapace length varies from 3.8 to 4.7, carapace width from 2.8 to 3.3.

Females (n = 10): carapace length varies from 4.2 to 5.1, carapace width from 3.2 to 3.8. TYPE LOCALITY. Georgia [Kulczyсski, 1895]. DISTRIBUTION. West and Central Palaearctic nemoral range: from Bulgaria and Romania east to China (Xinjiang), north to Russian Plain (Ukraine, Belgorod Area of Russia), Middle and South Urals, West Siberia, south to Turkey, Georgia, Kazakhstan and mountainous Middle Asia [Kulczyсski, 1895; Nosek, 1905; Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1969; Fuhn & NiculescuBurlacu, 1971; Hu & Wu, 1989; Esyunin & Efimik,


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Figs 2730. Epigynes of Alopecosa beckeri (2728) and A. taeniopus (2930): 27, 29 ventral view; 28, 30 dorsal view. Рис. 2730. Эпигины Alopecosa beckeri (2728) и A. taeniopus (2930): 27, 29 вентрально; 28, 30 дорсально (после мацерации).

1996; Mikhailov, 1997; Mcheidze, 1997; Song et al., 1999; Kovblyuk, 2004a]. HABITATS. Steppes with Stipa, Festuca, Asphodeline, Amygdalus nana. PHENOLOGY. IIXII, IIXI. In Romania IXII [Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu, 1971].

Table 1. Distribution of A. beckeri and A. taeniopus in the landscape zones of Crimea. Таблица 1. Ландшафтное распространение A. beckeri и A. taeniopus в Крыму.

Spatial distribution
Specimens of A. beckeri and A. taeniopus were found in all Crimean landscape (physical-geographic) zones. In Crimea there are seven major landscape zones: 1 semi-desert steppe and saline lands; 2 true steppe; 3 premontane forest steppe; 4 forests of

Landscape zone Semi-desert steppe and saline lands True steppe Premontane forest steppe Forests of the northern slope Mountain meadows and yaila steppes Forests of the southern slope Sub-mediterranean area of the southern coast

A. beckeri + + + +

A. taeniopus + + + + +


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Figs 3139. General appearance of Alopecosa beckeri (male 31, 3334; female 32, 35) and A. taeniopus (male 36, 38; female 37, 39): 3132, 3637 dorsal view; 3335, 3839 ventral view. Рис. 3139. Внешний вид Alopecosa beckeri (самец 31, 3334; самка 32, 35) и A. taeniopus (самец 36, 38; самка 37, 39): 3132, 3637 дорсально; 3335, 3839 вентрально.

the northern slope of Crimean mountains; 5 mountain meadows and steppes; 6 forests of the southern slope of Crimean mountains; 7 sub-Mediterranean vegetation of the Southern Coast of Crimea. Landscape distribution of A. beckeri and A. taeniopus is shown in Table 1 and on Map 1. A. beckeri is recorded only from Crimean mountains (forests of the northern slope; mountain meadows and steppes, forests of the southern slope) and in subMediterranean areas of the southern coast. A. taeniopus was found in saline lands, semi-desert steppe and forest-steppe. A few specimens were found in forests of the northern slope and sub-Mediterranean areas of southern Crimea. In conclusion, distribution of A. beckeri in the Crimea is limited by true mountain parts of peninsula only, but A. taeniopus occurs around the Crimean Mountains. In addition, these species are differs in habitat preferences: A. beckeri occurs in forests or nearby, in con-

trast to A. taeniopus, occurring in open biotopes, chiefly in steppes.

Seasonal dynamic of activity
Seasonal activities of A. beckeri and A. taeniopus are similar. Both species have 2 peaks of activity: in spring (March) and in autumn (A. beckeri in November, A. taeniopus in October). Seasonal dynamics of adults activity show in a Fig 40. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We sincerely thank T. Kronestedt (Stockholm) and Yu.M. Marusik (Magadan, Russia) for information, drawings and photos of A. beckeri syntypes; A.V. Ponomarev (Rostov-on-Don, Russia) for comparative material of A. taeniopus. We also thanks to A.A. Khaustov (Yalta), O.V. Kukushkin (Karadagh Nature Reserve), E.Yu. Sviridenko (Kiev), G.A. Prokopov, M.V. Onchurov (both from Simferopol) and V.V. Savchuk (Feodosiya) for providing us


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A.A. Nadolny, M.M. Kovblyuk

Fig. 40. Comparative phenology of Alopecosa beckeri and A. taeniopus in the Crimea, based on the specimens collected. Рис. 40. Сравнительная фенология Alopecosa beckeri and A. taeniopus в Крыму по материалам коллекции.

some spiders collected from Crimea. Authors sincerely thank Yu.M. Marusik for some important remarks and corrections. English of the final draft was checked by Robin Leech (Edmonton, Canada). This work of M.K. was supported in part by the Karadagh Nature Reserve and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant # 09-04-90900 моб._снг_ст.).

References
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Map 1. Landscape distribution of Alopecosa beckeri and A. taeniopus in Crimea. Карта 1. Ландшафтное распределение Alopecosa beckeri и A. taeniopus в Крыму. melioratsii. Vol.7. P.6680 [in Russian]. Thorell T. 1875a. Verzeichniss sudrussischer Spinnen // Horae Societatis entomologicae Rossicae. T.11. P.39122. Thorell T. 1875b. Descriptions of several European and North African spiders // Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar. Bd.13. No.5. P.1203. Tyshchenko V.P. 1971. [An identification guide to the spiders of the European part of the USSR]. Leningrad: Nauka. 281 p. [in Russian].

Responsible editor Yu. Marusik