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J/ApJS/199/31 Fermi LAT second source catalog (2FGL) (Nolan+, 2012) =========================================================================== Fermi Large Area Telescope second source catalog. Nolan P.L., Abdo A.A., Ackermann M., Ajello M., Allafort A., Antolini E., Atwood W.B., Axelsson M., Baldini L., Ballet J., Barbiellini G., Bastieri D., Bechtol K., Belfiore A., Bellazzini R., Berenji B., Bignami G.F., Blandford R.D., Bloom E.D., Bonamente E., Bonnell J., Borgland A.W., Bottacini E., Bouvier A., Brandt T.J., Bregeon J., Brigida M., Bruel P., Buehler R., Burnett T.H., Buson S., Caliandro G.A., Cameron R.A., Campana R., Canadas B., Cannon A., Caraveo P.A., Casandjian J.M., Cavazzuti E., Ceccanti M., Cecchi C., Celik O., Charles E., Chekhtman A., Cheung C.C., Chiang J., Chipaux R., Ciprini S., Claus R., Cohen-Tanugi J., Cominsky L.R., Conrad J., Corbet R., Cutini S., D'Ammando F., Davis D.S., de Angelis A., DeCesar M.E., DeKlotz M., De Luca A., den Hartog P.R., de Palma F., Dermer C.D., Digel S.W., do Couto e Silva E., Drell P.S., Drlica-Wagner A., Dubois R., Dumora D., Enoto T., Escande L., Fabiani D., Falletti L., Favuzzi C., Fegan S.J., Ferrara E.C., Focke W.B., Fortin P., Frailis M., Fukazawa Y., Funk S., Fusco P., Gargano F., Gasparrini D., Gehrels N., Germani S., Giebels B., Giglietto N., Giommi P., Giordano F., Giroletti M., Glanzman T., Godfrey G., Grenier I.A., Grondin M.-H., Grove J.E., Guillemot L., Guiriec S., Gustafsson M., Hadasch D., Hanabata Y., Harding A.K., Hayashida M., Hays E., Hill A.B., Horan D., Hou X., Hughes R.E., Iafrate G., Itoh R., Johannesson G., Johnson R.P., Johnson T.E., Johnson A.S., Johnson T.J., Kamae T., Katagiri H., Kataoka J., Katsuta J., Kawai N., Kerr M., Knodlseder J., Kocevski D., Kuss M., Lande J., Landriu D., Latronico L., Lemoine-Goumard M., Lionetto A.M., Llena Garde M., Longo F., Loparco F., Lott B., Lovellette M.N., Lubrano P., Madejski G.M., Marelli M., Massaro E., Mazziotta M.N., McConville W., McEnery J.E., Mehault J., Michelson P.F., Minuti M., Mitthumsiri W., Mizuno T., Moiseev A.A., Mongelli M., Monte C., Monzani M.E., Morselli A., Moskalenko I.V., Murgia S., Nakamori T., Naumann-Godo M., Norris J.P., Nuss E., Nymark T., Ohno M., Ohsugi T., Okumura A., Omodei N., Orlando E., Ormes J.F., Ozaki M., Paneque D., Panetta J.H., Parent D., Perkins J.S., Pesce-Rollins M., Pierbattista M., Pinchera M., Piron F., Pivato G., Porter T.A., Racusin J.L., Raino S., Rando R., Razzano M., Razzaque S., Reimer A., Reimer O., Reposeur T., Ritz S., Rochester L.S., Romani R.W., Roth M., Rousseau R., Ryde F., Sadrozinski H.F.-W., Salvetti D., Sanchez D.A., Saz Parkinson P.M., Sbarra C., Scargle J.D., Schalk T.L., Sgro C., Shaw M.S., Shrader C., Siskind E.J., Smith D.A., Spandre G., Spinelli P., Stephens T.E., Strickman M.S., Suson D.J., Tajima H., Takahashi H., Takahashi T., Tanaka T., Thayer J.G., Thayer J.B., Thompson D.J., Tibaldo L., Tibolla O., Tinebra F., Tinivella M., Torres D.F., Tosti G., Troja E., Uchiyama Y., Vandenbroucke J., Van Etten A., Van Klaveren B., Vasileiou V., Vianello G., Vitale V., Waite A.P., Wallace E., Wang P., Werner M., Winer B.L., Wood D.L., Wood K.S., Wood M., Yang Z., Zimmer S.=2012ApJS..199...31N =========================================================================== ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei ; Gamma rays ; Pulsars ; BL Lac objects ; Surveys Keywords: catalogs - gamma rays: general Abstract: We present the second catalog of high-energy {gamma}-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary science instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), derived from data taken during the first 24 months of the science phase of the mission, which began on 2008 August 4. Source detection is based on the average flux over the 24 month period. The second Fermi-LAT catalog (2FGL) includes source location regions, defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and spectral fits in terms of power-law, exponentially cutoff power-law, or log-normal forms. Also included are flux measurements in five energy bands and light curves on monthly intervals for each source. Twelve sources in the catalog are modeled as spatially extended. We provide a detailed comparison of the results from this catalog with those from the first Fermi-LAT catalog (1FGL). Although the diffuse Galactic and isotropic models used in the 2FGL analysis are improved compared to the 1FGL catalog, we attach caution flags to 162 of the sources to indicate possible confusion with residual imperfections in the diffuse model. The 2FGL catalog contains 1873 sources detected and characterized in the 100MeV to 100GeV range of which we consider 127 as being firmly identified and 1171 as being reliably associated with counterparts of known or likely {gamma}-ray-producing source classes. Description: This paper presents a catalog of high-energy {gamma}-ray sources detected, in the 100MeV-100GeV energy range, in the first two years of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), during the period 2008 August 4 (15:43 UTC)-2010 August 1 (01:17 UTC). File Summary: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file table4.dat 186 2256 LAT two-year catalog table7.dat 94 1873 Second LAT catalog: fluxes in bands table8.dat 128 346 List of 1FGL sources not in the 2FGL catalog refs.dat 60 30 References -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See also: J/A+A/535/A69 : AGN Fermi/LAT {gamma}-ray and 37GHz fluxes (Nieppola+, 2011) J/ApJS/188/405 : Fermi-LAT first source catalog (1FGL) (Abdo+, 2010) J/ApJ/715/429 : First Fermi-LAT AGN catalog (1LAC) (Abdo+, 2010) J/ApJ/718/587 : The Fermi-AT20G catalog (Mahony+, 2010) J/ApJ/709/1407 : SED of the Fermi blazars (Li+, 2010) J/ApJS/183/46 : Fermi/LAT bright gamma-ray source list (0FGL) (Abdo+, 2009) J/ApJ/700/597 : FERMI LAT detected blazars (Abdo+, 2009) J/ApJ/707/L56 : VLBI and bright Fermi/LAT sources (Kovalev, 2009) J/ApJ/706/L7 : The Fermi LAT sky as seen by INTEGRAL/IBIS (Ubertini+, 2009) J/ApJ/609/564 : Blazar counterparts for 3EG sources (Sowards-Emmerd+, 2004) J/ApJS/135/155 : Radio identification of 3EG EGRET sources (Mattox+, 2001) J/ApJS/123/79 : Third EGRET catalog (3EG) (Hartman+, 1999) Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 13 A13 --- 2FGL The 2FGL name (1) 15- 21 F7.3 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000) 23- 29 F7.3 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000) 31- 37 F7.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude 39- 45 F7.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude 47- 51 F5.3 deg amaj ? 95% confidence source semimajor axis 53- 57 F5.3 deg amin ? 95% confidence source semiminor axis 59- 61 I3 deg phi [-90/90]? Position angle; East of North 63- 68 F6.1 --- sigma ? Significance (2) 70- 75 F6.1 10-5/m2/s F35 Photon flux; 1-100GeV (10^-9^/cm^2^/s) 77- 79 F3.1 10-5/m2/s e_F35 ? The 1{sigma} uncertainty in F35 81- 86 F6.1 fW/m2 S25 Energy flux for 100MeV-100GeV from power-law fit; (10^-12^erg/s/cm^2^) 88- 91 F4.1 fW/m2 e_S25 ? The 1{sigma} uncertainty in S25 93- 96 F4.2 --- Gamma Photon power-law index {Gamma}; 100MeV-100GeV 98-101 F4.2 --- e_Gamma ? The 1{sigma} uncertainty in SpIndex 103-104 A2 --- Mod Spectral model used: PL, EC or LP (3) 106 A1 --- Var [T] Variability flag (T=true) (4) 108-120 A13 --- Flag Analysis flag(s) (5) 122-139 A18 --- Assoc The {gamma}-ray association (6) 141 A1 --- TeV [E/P] Association with a TeV source (7) 143-153 A11 --- Class Astrophysical class of source (8) 155-180 A26 --- ID Primary name of associated source (9) 182-186 A5 --- Ref Cross references of LAT publications (see refs.dat file) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): 2FGL JHHMM.m+DDMM[c/e], constructed according to IAU Specifications for Nomenclature; m is decimal minutes of RA; in the name RA and DE are truncated at 0.1 decimal minutes and 1', respectively; "c" indicates that based on the region of the sky the source is considered to be potentially confused with Galactic diffuse emission; "e" indicates a source that was modeled as spatially extended (see Section 3.4). Note (2): Derived from likelihood Test Statistic for 100MeV-100GeV analysis. Note (3): Spectra model used as follows : PL = power-law; EC = exponential cutoff; LP = log parabolic. Note (4): T = <1% chance of being a steady source; see note in text. Note (5): Analysis flag as follows: 1 = Source with TS>35 which went to TS<25 when changing the diffuse model (see Section 3.7). Note that sources with TS<35 are not flagged with this bit because normal statistical fluctuations can push them to TS<25. 2 = Moved beyond its 95% error ellipse when changing the diffuse model. 4 = Source-to-background ratio less than 20% in highest band in which TS>25. Background is integrated over {pi}r^2^_68_ or 1deg^2^, whichever is smaller. 5 = Closer than {theta}_ref_ from a brighter neighbor. {theta}_ref_ is defined in highest band in which source TS>25, or the band with highest TS if all are <25. {theta}_ref_ is set to 2.17{deg} (FWHM) below 300MeV, 1.38{deg} between 300MeV and 1GeV, 0.87{deg} between 1GeV and 3GeV, 0.67{deg} between 3 and 10GeV and 0.45{deg} above 10GeV (2r_68_). 6 = On top of an interstellar gas clump or small-scale defect in the model of diffuse emission; equivalent to the "c" designator in the source name (see Section 3.9). 8 = Inconsistent position determination (see Section 3.1.4); best position from optimization outside the 1{sigma} (39% in 2D) contour from the TS map. 9 = Elliptical quality >4 in pointlike (i.e., TS contour does not look elliptical). 10 = Spectral fit quality >16.3 (Equation (3)). 11 = Possibly due to the Sun (Section 3.6). 12 = Highly curved spectrum; LogParabola {beta} fixed to 1 or PLExpCutoff Spectral_Index fixed to 0 (see Section 3.3). Note (6): Positional associations with 0FGL, 1FGL, 3EG, EGR, or 1AGL sources. Sources with multiple {gamma}-ray associations are printed on multiple lines. Note (7): Association with a point-like (P, angular size <20') or en extended (E) TeV source: Note (8): Like "ID" in 3EG catalog (Cat. J/ApJS/123/79), but with more detail. Capital letters indicate firm identifications; lower-case letters indicate associations. Class as follows: AGN, agn = Non-blazar active galaxy (1+10 sources) agu = Active galaxy of uncertain type (257 sources) BZB, bzb = BL Lac object type of blazar (7+429 sources) BZQ, bzq = FSRQ (flat spectrum radio quasar) type of blazar (17+353 sources) GAL, gal = Normal galaxy (or part) (2+4 sources) glc = Globular cluster (11 sources) HMB = High-mass binary (4 sources) NOV = Nova (1 source) PSR = Pulsar, identified by pulsations (83 sources) psr = Pulsar, no pulsations seen in LAT yet (25 sources) PWN = Pulsar wind nebula (3 sources) RDG, rdg = Radio galaxy (2+10 sources) SEY, sey = Seyfert galaxy (1+5 sources) SNR, snr = Supernova remnant (6+4 sources) sbg = Starburst galaxy (4 sources) dg = Supernova remnant/pulsar wind nebula (58 sources) Note (9): a = Within the Large Magellanic Cloud on the sky. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 13 A13 --- 2FGL The 2FGL name 15- 19 F5.1 10-4/m2/s F1 ? Integrated 100-300MeV band photon flux 21- 23 F3.1 10-4/m2/s e_F1 The 1{sigma} uncertainty in F1 25- 29 F5.1 --- TS1 Square root of 100-300MeV band test statistic 31- 35 F5.1 10-5/m2/s F2 ? Integrated 300-1000MeV band photon flux 37- 39 F3.1 10-5/m2/s e_F2 The 1{sigma} uncertainty in F2 41- 45 F5.1 --- TS2 Square root of 300-1000MeV band test statistic 47- 52 F6.1 10-5/m2/s F3 ? Integrated 1-3GeV band photon flux 54- 56 F3.1 10-5/m2/s e_F3 The 1{sigma} uncertainty in F3 58- 62 F5.1 --- TS3 Square root of 1-3GeV band test statistic 64- 69 F6.1 10-6/m2/s F4 ? Integrated 3-10GeV band photon flux 71- 74 F4.1 10-6/m2/s e_F4 The 1{sigma} uncertainty in F4 76- 80 F5.1 --- TS4 Square root of 3-10GeV band test statistic 82- 85 F4.1 10-6/m2/s F5 ? Integrated 10-100GeV band photon flux 87- 89 F3.1 10-6/m2/s e_F5 The 1{sigma} uncertainty in F5 91- 94 F4.1 --- TS5 Square root of 10-100GeV band test statistic -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 13 A13 --- 1FGL The 1FGL name 15- 32 A18 --- Assoc The 1FGL association 34- 40 F7.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude 42- 48 F7.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude 50- 54 F5.3 deg theta Radius of 95% confidence region (1) 56- 60 F5.1 --- sigma Detection significance 62- 65 F4.2 --- Gamma Photon power-law index 67 A1 --- Var [T] Variability probability >90% 69- 81 A13 --- 2FGL 2FGL source with {Delta}