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Abdu MA, Brum CG, Batista PP, Gurubaran S, Pancheva D, Bageston JV, Batista IS and Takahashi H (2015), "Fast and ultrafast Kelvin wave modulations of the equatorial evening F region vertical drift and spread F development", Earth, Planets and Space., Jan, 2015. Vol. 67(1)
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the role of eastward and upward propagating fast (FK) and ultrafast Kelvin (UFK) waves in the day-to-day variability of equatorial evening prereversal vertical drift and post sunset generation of spread F/plasma bubble irregularities. Meteor wind data from Cariri and Cachoeira Paulista (Brazil) and medium frequency (MF) radar wind data from Tirunelveli (India) are analyzed together with Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) temperature in the 40- to 100-km region to characterize the zonal and vertical propagations of these waves. Also analyzed are the F region evening vertical drift and spread F (ESF) development features as diagnosed by Digisonde (Lowell Digisonde International, LLC, Lowell, MA, USA) operated at Fortaleza and Sao Luis in Brazil. The SABER temperature data permitted determination of the upward propagation characteristics of the FK (E1) waves with propagation speed in the range of 4 km/day. The radar mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) winds in the widely separated longitude sectors have yielded the eastward phase velocity of both the FK and UFK waves. The vertical propagation of these waves cause strong oscillation in the F region evening prereversal vertical drift, observed for the first time at both FK and UFK periodicities. A delay of a few (approximately 10) days is observed in the F region vertical drift perturbation with respect to the corresponding FK/UFK zonal wind oscillations, or temperature oscillations in the MLT region, which has permitted a direct identification of the sunset electrodynamic coupling process as being responsible for the generation of the FK/UFK-induced vertical drift oscillation. The vertical drift oscillations are found to cause significant modulation in the spread F/plasma bubble irregularity development. The overall results highlight the role of FK/UFK waves in the day-to-day variability of the ESF in its occurrence season.
BibTeX:
@article{Abdu2015,
  author = {Abdu, Mangalathayil A and Brum, Christiano GM and Batista, Paulo P and Gurubaran, Subramanian and Pancheva, Dora and Bageston, Jose V and Batista, Inez S and Takahashi, Hisao},
  title = {Fast and ultrafast Kelvin wave modulations of the equatorial evening F region vertical drift and spread F development},
  journal = {Earth, Planets and Space},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40623-014-0143-5},
  doi = {10.1186/s40623-014-0143-5}
}
Park J, Stolle C, Xiong C, LÝhr H, Pfaff RF, Buchert S and Martinis CR (2015), "A dayside plasma depletion observed at midlatitudes during quiet geomagnetic conditions", Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 42(4), pp. 967-974.
Abstract: In this study we investigate a dayside, midlatitude plasma depletion (DMLPD) encountered on 22 May 2014 by the Swarm and GRACE satellites, as well as ground-based instruments. The DMLPD was observed near Puerto Rico by Swarm near 10 LT under quiet geomagnetic conditions at altitudes of 475–520?km and magnetic latitudes of ?25°–30°. The DMLPD was also revealed in total electron content observations by the Saint Croix station and by the GRACE satellites (430?km) near 16?LT and near the same geographic location. The unique Swarm constellation enables the horizontal tilt of the DMLPD to be measured (35° clockwise from the geomagnetic east-west direction). Ground-based airglow images at Arecibo showed no evidence for plasma density depletions during the night prior to this dayside event. The C/NOFS equatorial satellite showed evidence for very modest plasma density depletions that had rotated into the morningside from nightside. However, the equatorial depletions do not appear related to the DMLPD, for which the magnetic apex height is about 2500?km. The origins of the DMLPD are unknown, but may be related to gravity waves.
BibTeX:
@article{GRL:GRL52558,
  author = {Park, Jaeheung and Stolle, Claudia and Xiong, Chao and LÝhr, Hermann and Pfaff, Robert F. and Buchert, Stephan and Martinis, Carlos R.},
  title = {A dayside plasma depletion observed at midlatitudes during quiet geomagnetic conditions},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {42},
  number = {4},
  pages = {967--974},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062655},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GL062655}
}
Sarkhel S, Mathews J, Raizada S, Sekar R, Chakrabarty D, Guharay A, Jee G, Kim J-H, Kerr R, Ramkumar G, Sridharan S, Wu Q, Mlynczak M and Russell JamesM I (2015), "A case study on occurrence of an unusual structure in the sodium layer over Gadanki, India", Earth, Planets and Space. Vol. 67(1) Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: The height-time-concentration map of neutral sodium (Na) atoms measured by a Na lidar during the night of 18 to 19 March 2007 over Gadanki, India (13.5° N, 79.2° E) reveals an unusual structure in the Na layer for around 30 min in the altitude range of 92 to 98 km which is similar to the usual ‘C’ type structures observed at other locations. In order to understand the physical mechanism behind the generation of this unusual event, an investigation is carried out combining the data from multiple instruments that include the meteor wind radar over Thiruvananthapuram, India (8.5° N, 77° E) and the SABER instrument onboard the TIMED satellite. The temperature and wind profiles from the data set provided by these instruments allow us to infer the Richardson number which is found to be noticeably less than the canonical threshold of 0.25 above 92 km over Thiruvananthapuram suggesting the plausible generation of Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) billows over southwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. Based on the average wind speed and direction over Thiruvananthapuram, it is proposed that the KH-billow structure was modified due to the background wind and was advected with it in nearly ‘frozen-in’ condition (without significant decay) in the northeastward direction reaching the Na lidar location (Gadanki). This case study, therefore, presents a scenario wherein the initially deformed KH-billow structure survived for a few hours (instead of a few minutes or tens of minutes as reported in earlier works) in an apparently ‘frozen-in’ condition under favorable background conditions. In this communication, we suggest a hypothesis where this deformed KH-billow structure plays crucial role in creating the abovementioned unusual structure observed in the Na layer over Gadanki.
BibTeX:
@article{raey,
  author = {Sarkhel, Sumanta and Mathews, JohnD and Raizada, Shikha and Sekar, Ramanathan and Chakrabarty, Dibyendu and Guharay, Amitava and Jee, Geonhwa and Kim, Jeong-Han and Kerr, RobertB and Ramkumar, Geetha and Sridharan, Sundararajan and Wu, Qian and Mlynczak, MartinG and Russell, JamesM, III},
  title = {A case study on occurrence of an unusual structure in the sodium layer over Gadanki, India},
  journal = {Earth, Planets and Space},
  publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {67},
  number = {1},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0183-5},
  doi = {10.1186/s40623-015-0183-5}
}
Xiong C, LÝhr H, Ma S and Schlegel K (2015), "Validation of GRACE electron densities by incoherent scatter radar data and estimation of plasma scale height in the topside ionosphere", Advances in Space Research., August, 2015. Vol. 119(0), pp. 2048-2057.
Abstract: Abstract This paper presents an effort of using incoherent scatter radar data for validating electron density (Ne) measurements performed by the GRACE satellites from year 2002 to 2012. For adjusting the bias of GRACE Ne data, the observations at high latitudes from EISCAT at TromsÜ and Svalbard, as well as two incoherent scatter radars (ISR) at mid- and low latitudes, Millstone Hill and Arecibo, are used. The adjusted GRACE Ne data are further compared with the observations from the four ISRs. For EISCAT observations at TromsÜ and Svalbard the comparison results are quite consistent, yielding correlation coefficients as high as 0.92, and an average bias value of about 3e10 m?3 is obtained. For the radars at Millstone Hill and Arecibo the results show excellent agreement, yielding correlation coefficients as high as 0.97 and an average bias of 1e10 m?3. The scale factor of adjusted GRACE Ne data is lower by 1% and 5% compared to Millstone Hill and Arecibo readings, respectively. We consider these differences as within the uncertainty of radar measurements. Using the adjusted GRACE Ne as well as CHAMP observations during four periods of coplanar orbits between 2003 and 2008, the plasma scale heights of the topside ionosphere are determined and further compared with IRI model predictions. We find significantly larger scale heights in particular at middle and high latitudes than expected from IRI. Outstanding are the regions of the mid-latitude electron density trough.
BibTeX:
@article{Xiong2014,
  author = {Chao Xiong and Hermann LÝhr and ShuYing Ma and Kristian Schlegel},
  title = {Validation of GRACE electron densities by incoherent scatter radar data and estimation of plasma scale height in the topside ionosphere},
  journal = {Advances in Space Research},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {119},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2048-2057},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117714004785},
  doi = {10.1016/j.asr.2014.07.022}
}
BÆsinger T, Demekhov AG, Ermakova EN, Haldoupis C and Zhou Q (2014), "Pulsating nighttime magnetic background noise in the upper ULF band at low latitudes", Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics., May, 2014. Vol. 119(5), pp. 4109-4119.
Abstract: We model long-period (~2?h) irregular pulsations in the ellipticity of magnetic background noise (MBN) in the upper ULF band which were frequently observed during nighttime at a low-latitude site on the Island of Crete. It is shown that such pulsations cannot be reproduced in the calculations when using the ionosphere parameters from the statistical IRI (International Reference Ionosphere) model, while regular diurnal signatures of the ellipticity spectrum at sunset and sunrise are successfully reproduced. We apply the same approach to the location of the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar and show that using actually measured ionosphere profiles (up to a height of 400?km) instead of IRI profiles produces the ellipticity pulsations very similar to those observed at Crete. Comparison of model results with the calculated behavior of AlfvÈn mode refractive index allows us to conclude that the observed nighttime long-period irregular pulsations in the MBN ellipticity are caused by dynamic processes at the upper boundary of the ionospheric E-F valley which serves as a subionospheric AlfvÈn resonator. Irregular widening, shrinking, and/or deepening of the valley with time scales of 1 to 4?h affect the electrodynamical properties of this resonator and manifest themselves in the magnetic background noise properties.
BibTeX:
@article{Boesinger2014,
  author = {BÆsinger, T. and Demekhov, A. G. and Ermakova, E. N. and Haldoupis, C. and Zhou, Q.},
  title = {Pulsating nighttime magnetic background noise in the upper ULF band at low latitudes},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {119},
  number = {5},
  pages = {4109--4119},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JA019906},
  doi = {10.1002/2014JA019906}
}
Dawkins ECM, Plane JMC, Chipperfield MP, Feng W, Gumbel J, Hedin J, HÆffner J and Friedman JS (2014), "First global observations of the mesospheric potassium layer", Geophysical Research Letters., August, 2014. Vol. 41(15), pp. 5653-5661.
Abstract: Metal species, produced by meteoric ablation, act as useful tracers of upper atmosphere dynamics and chemistry. Of these meteoric metals, K is an enigma: at extratropical latitudes, limited available lidar data show that the K layer displays a semiannual seasonal variability, rather than the annual pattern seen in other metals such as Na and Fe. Here we present the first near-global K retrieval, where K atom number density profiles are derived from dayglow measurements made by the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System spectrometer on board the Odin satellite. This robust retrieval produces density profiles with typical layer peak errors of ±15% and a 2?km vertical grid resolution. We demonstrate that these retrieved profiles compare well with available lidar data and show for the first time that the unusual semiannual behavior is near-global in extent. This new data set has wider applications for improving understanding of the K chemistry and of related upper atmosphere processes.
BibTeX:
@article{Dawkins2014a,
  author = {Dawkins, E. C. M. and Plane, J. M. C. and Chipperfield, M. P. and Feng, W. and Gumbel, J. and Hedin, J. and HÆffner, J. and Friedman, J. S.},
  title = {First global observations of the mesospheric potassium layer},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {41},
  number = {15},
  pages = {5653--5661},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060801},
  doi = {10.1002/2014GL060801}
}
Deng Y, Huang Y, Wu Q, Noto J, Drob D and Kerr RB (2014), "Comparison of the neutral wind seasonal variation from midlatitude conjugate observations", Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics., April, 2014. Vol. 119(4), pp. 3029-3035.
Abstract: The seasonal variation of F region neutral wind from the midlatitude conjugate Fabry-Perot interferometer observations has been studied. The meridional wind at Palmer station (64°S,64°W) has a significant local time dependence with strong equatorward wind at midnight and polarward wind at dawn and dusk. The zonal wind switches from eastward to westward in the early morning section. From the June solstice (austral winter) to equinox, the maximum meridional wind increases from 90?m/s to 130?m/s, and the zonal wind switches direction at an earlier local time. The neutral winds from Palmer have been compared with those from the geomagnetic conjugate location, Millstone Hill (MH). At equinox, the local time variation of neutral wind shows a very good conjugacy between these two locations. But at June solstice, the similarity in the zonal wind becomes less clear. This seasonal dependence can be attributed to the seasonal variation of solar and geomagnetic forcings. The annual variation of daily average neutral wind from Palmer and MH has also been compared. The meridional wind shows a clear offset of season, and the magnitude at Palmer is averagely 40?m/s more equatorward than that at MH. The zonal wind is dominantly westward at Palmer and eastward at MH. The annual variation of neutral wind, especially the zonal component, is much less symmetric between the two sites than the local time variation. The empirical horizontal wind model shows a good agreement with the observations in both local time and annual variations.
BibTeX:
@article{Deng2014,
  author = {Deng, Yue and Huang, Yanshi and Wu, Qian and Noto, John and Drob, Douglas and Kerr, Robert B.},
  title = {Comparison of the neutral wind seasonal variation from midlatitude conjugate observations},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {119},
  number = {4},
  pages = {3029--3035},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019716},
  doi = {10.1002/2013JA019716}
}
Hysell DL, Larsen MF and Sulzer MP (2014), <