Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://www.atnf.csiro.au/people/Tasso.Tzioumis/sms2014/presentations/Clegg(FutureSpectrum2).pptx.pdf Дата изменения: Sun May 18 12:32:55 2014 Дата индексирования: Mon Apr 11 17:58:57 2016 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: информация

Spectrum Management and Radio Astronomy: The Future
Andrew Clegg


Summary
· Spectrum sharing


U.S. Spectrum Sharing Examples
· TV White Spaces 54~698 MHz (implemented) · AWS-
1 (implemented; aucPoned in 2006)
­ Broadcasters ­ Sharing

­ 1710-
1755/2110-
2155 ­ Military & other U.S. government (lots of systems) ­ Some share, most relocaPon ­ ­ ­ ­ 1695-
1710, 1755-
1780, and 2155-
2180 Military & other U.S. government (lots of systems) GOES weather satellite downlinks Some share, some relocaPon

· AWS-
3 (rules adopted; aucPon later this year)


U.S. Spectrum Sharing Examples
· 5 GHz RLANs (implemented)
­ Radio Local Area Networks (wide-
area Wi-
Fi) ­ Federal AviaPon AdministraPon (FAA) Terminal Doppler Weather Radars (TDWR) ­ Share; RLANS sense & avoid ­ Small cell networks ­ Military (ship-
borne radars on Navy vessels) ­ Share (rules TBD) ­ Worldwide aeronauPcal radio alPmeter ­ Under study for sharing parts with mobile broadband

· 3.5 GHz (under rule making)

· 4200-
4400 MHz


PCAST Report
· President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology · 2012 report (search for "PCAST spectrum report"):

­ ReallocaPon and relocaPon of government spectrum is not sustainable ­ "The essenPal element of this new Federal spectrum architecture is that the norm for spectrum use should be sharing, not exclusivity" ­ "immediately idenPfy 1,000 MHz of Federal spectrum in which to implement the new architecture and thereby create the first shared-
use spectrum superhighways" ­ ...


PresidenPal Memorandum 2013
· "The Secretary of Commerce, working through NTIA, has been facilitaPng discussions between agencies and nonfederal enPPes that have produced an unprecedented level of informaPon-
sharing and collaboraPon to idenPfy opportuniPes for agencies to relinquish or share spectrum" · "The NTIA shall design and conduct a pilot program to monitor spectrum usage in real Pme in selected communiPes throughout the country to determine whether a comprehensive monitoring program in major metropolitan areas could disclose opportuniPes for more efficient spectrum access, including via sharing."


Conclusion (although there are more slides lek, sorry)
· U.S. takes spectrum sharing very seriously, and even the military, aviaPon, weather radars, and weather satellites are not immune · Radio astronomy is not immune either
­ Beler for the radio astronomy community to be pro-
acPve in idenPfying bands to share ­ Channel 37 is a good first step


10%

9%

Pe rce ntage of total G BT obse rving time , pe r 1 MH z bin

8%

GBT FracPon of Time Observing per 1 MHz Bin over the Period 2003-
2011 (Blatnik, Clegg, Maddalena, & Beaudet)

7%

6%

5%

Frequency Histogram (0-
30,000 MHz)
L-
Band S-
Band PF2 PF1 C-
Band Ku-
Band
X-
Band K-
Band (upper)

4%

K-
Band (lower) Ka-
Band (MM-
F1)

3%

2%

1%

0%

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

12,500

15,000

17,500

20,000

22,500

25,000

27,500

30,000

Frequency (MH z)


10%

Frequency Histogram (0-
3,000 MHz)
PF1, PF2, L-
Band, and S-
Band

9%

HI observing at 1420.4 MHz
No A lloc ation

Exc lusive Passive
8%

Pe rce ntage of total GBT obse rving time , per 1 MH z bin

Shar e d Pr imar y

Se c ondar y
7% Footnote

6%

5%

4%

3%

2%

1%

0% 0 250 500 750 1,000 1,250 1,500 1,750 2,000 2,250 2,500 2,750 3,000

Frequency (MH z)


10%

12%

14%

16%

0%
322 - 328.6 MHz (0% / 1.07% / 1.07%) 406.1 - 410 MHz (0% / 0.59% / 0.59%) 608 - 614 MHz (0.01% / 0.27% / 0.28%) 1330 - 1350 MHz (0.05% / 2.25% / 2.30%) 1350 - 1400 MHz (2.1% / 7% / 9.1%) 1610.6 - 1613.8 MHz (0.54% / 0.99% / 1.53%) 1660 - 1660.5 MHz (0% / 1.54% / 1.54%) 1660.5 - 1668.4 MHz (2.17% / 2.22% / 4.39%) 1668.4 - 1670 MHz (0% / 2.14% / 2.14%) 1718.8 - 1722.2 MHz (0.54% / 1.43% 1.97%) 2655 - 2690 MHz (0% / 0.06% / 0.06%) 2690 - 2700 MHz (0% / 0.05% / 0.05%) 3260 - 3267 MHz (0% / 0% / 0%) 3332 - 3339 MHz (0% / 0% / 0%) 3345.8 - 3352.5 MHz (0% / 0% / 0%) 4825 - 4835 MHz (0% / 0.86% / 0.86%) 4950 - 4990 MHz (0% / 0.75% / 0.75%) 4990 - 5000 MHz (0% / 0.72% / 0.72%) 6650 - 6675.2 MHz (0% / 0% / 0%) 10600 - 10680 MHz (0% / 0% / 0%) 10680 - 10700 MHz (0% / 0% / 0%) 14470 - 14500 MHz (0.03% / 0.9% / 0.93%) 15350 - 15400 MHz (0% / 0.53% / 0.53%) 22010 - 22210 MHz (0.1% / 3.34% / 3.44%) 22210 - 22500 MHz (1.21% / 1.35% / 2.56%) 22810 - 22860 MHz (0% / 0.35% / 0.35%) 23070 - 23120 MHz (0% / 0.55% / 0.55%) 23600 - 24000 MHz (3.14% / 0.72% / 3.86%) 31200 - 31300 MHz (0.02% / 0% / 0.02%) 31300 - 31800 MHz (0% / 0.05% / 0.05%) 36430 - 36500 MHz (0% / 0.01% / 0.01%) 42500 - 43500 MHz (0.63% / 0.6% / 1.23%) 48940 - 49040 MHz (0.02% / 0.15% / 0.18%) 1400 - 1427 MHz (8.3% / 6.3% / 14.6%)

2%
Text Color Key: Exclusive passive allocation Shared primary RA allocation Secondary RA allocation Footnoote consideration for RA use

4%

6%

8%

Observation entirely within RA band

Observation partially within RA band


What do Radio Astronomers Have to Offer
· Appropriate frequency bands on a shared basis (TBD) · Knowledge of dynamic frequency scheduling and its applicaPon to/integraPon with dynamic spectrum access databases · ExperPse in spectrum monitoring
­ Especially weak-
signal occupancy measurements


Comparison of "normal" and radio astronomy spectrum monitoring data
Measurements through Green Bank Telescope RFI Monitor Inmarsat
Linear Scale

GPS GLONASS

Iridium

GOES & POES Wx Satellites

Shared Spectrum Co. measurements at Green Bank site


Examples of U.S. Commercial and Academic Spectrum Observatories
· Illinois InsPtute of Technology Spectrum Observatory (funded by NSF)
­ hlp://www.cse.sc.edu/event/iits-
spectrum-
observatory

· Microsok Spectrum Observatory
­ hlp://observatory.microsokspectrum.com/


Conclusions & RecommendaPons
· Spectrum sharing is becoming the norm, and no services are immune · Radio astronomy community should
­ Integrate dynamic observing scheduling into dynamic spectrum access databases ­ Examine RA bands for potenPal sharing opportuniPes ­ Contribute weak-
signal spectrum monitoring data


IEEE Proceedings Special Issue on Future Spectrum Access
· Recommended reading · Co-
editors: Clegg & Weisshaar · Famous contribuPng author:
­ Dr. Tomas Gergely ­ "Spectrum Access for the Passive Services: The Past and the Future"

· Full issue available at:
­ hlp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp? isnumber=6740864 ­ Requires subscripPon (sorry)