Документ взят из кэша поисковой машины. Адрес оригинального документа : http://www.apo.nmsu.edu/Site/2010winterdriving.doc Дата изменения: Tue Nov 29 21:31:24 2011 Дата индексирования: Sat Apr 9 22:37:10 2016 Кодировка: Поисковые слова: воздушные массы

Here is an updated release of some winter safety guidelines.

Now:
Have your vehicle inspected,
Check your battery (if <85% of it' s life, replace it)
Fan belts (Tend to dry out over the summer)
Tires, including your spare, a good set of deep treaded mud and
snow tires will help a lot. On rear wheel drive cars be sure to
have good tires in the front as well. On front wheel drive
vehicles the recommend snow tires for the rear axle as well.
Tire snow chains (put then on before you get stuck)
Coolant system (-20 deg F as a minimum)
Windshield wipers (just replace them)
Heater and defroster (visibility is a must)
Place the shovel in the trunk
Lights (at least 1 way to/from work will be in darkness)
Place 2 bags of salt or sand in the trunk (added weight and
traction
supplement for when you get stuck)

Tomorrow:
Place the following inside your vehicle (not in trunk, these should
be accessible without getting out of the vehicle)
Large Blanket or bedspread
Extra pair of; gloves and socks (mittens are best, but an extra pair
of socks will
double as mittens)
Stocking hat
2-3 candy bars or other high carbohydrate foods
1 roll of toilet paper
1 good 3-4 cell flashlight
Box of safety matches
3 highway flares and 1 flashing light flare
1 gallon of distilled water; it will freeze overnight in your vehicle
so do not fill it
full
pair winter boots, deep rubber sole, water proof, and insulated
good book with extra light such as florescent /LED
flashlight, book light, candles work well heat source *
Trash bag (Black, 33 gallon, makes a weather proof emergency
shelter)

Everyday:
Let someone know where you are going, how you are getting there, and
when you plan to arrive. On long or nighttime trips set a time to call them
when you get there. Check the local weather and if possible, road
conditions before you leave. Due to the vastly different terrain, road
substrate, and altitude do not rely solely on weather reports for the area.
Weather varies significantly within a few miles. Ensure you have enough gas
for the trip plus at least 20 % extra. Try not to let your gas tank drop
below 1/2 full (1/2 empty for you pessimists)
Drive slow; reduce speed to 50% below your normal speed on the same
clear, dry road when on packed snow, 25 % below normal speed if on ice.
Apply brakes before going into turns. Make slow gradual turns and do not
overshoot. Do not stop on uphill grades, continue rolling at a crawl.
Downshift the transmission on downgrades to avoid using brakes. Look ahead
of you for stalled vehicles in your lane. Turn on headlights so people see
you. In heavy fog run your emergency flashers.
In New Mexico state snowplows have the Right-Of-Way. Slow down and
give them plenty of clearance when passing in the opposite direction. Don't
pass in the same direction unless signaled by driver. Stay back 30-50 feet
when following them. Here they normally operate in groups of 2 or 3 (plows
with separate sand truck) may even have a lead pickup truck. They will
operate at times in the opposite lane.

When Stuck:
Don't panic, try rocking vehicle and/or apply parking brake 1/2 way
(on rear drive vehicles this is a poor person's version of a limited slip
axle to get some power to both rear wheels) If stuck on the road get out
the highway flares to warn other motorist, give them plenty of warning so
they can stop (100 to 200 ft). Use the shovel if able to dig your vehicle
out. Rubber floor mats under the slipping tires may provide just the
needed friction to get you going. Use salt or sand to aide in traction.
Hopefully you have had the snow chains on already so there is no reason to
put then on now! Stay in the car as much as possible, it provides you
protection from the elements and other drivers.

If really stuck:
Don't panic. If off the road set out something that identifies that
you are there (window shade, trash bag, flashing light flare). Place on
trees, antennas, or roadside posts, but not on the ground as they will get
covered over. Stay with the vehicle (yes, I know this goes against
everything your mind is telling you but it really is for the best. I assure
you it is easier for someone to find your vehicle than for them to find
you). Run the engine to keep you warm only if: engine compartment is not
buried, tail pipe is not buried, window is cracked open away from exhaust
fumes, no more than 10 minutes at a time, and never if sleepy. Use of
alternate heat source* in the car is preferred. Get out the book, turn on
the radio and relax, sleeping is OK if uninjured, but if you have a head
injury stay awake. Cover up with the blanket and put on the extra clothes.
If your feet are wet from walking outside change socks and boots NOW. Take
off your watch and forget about time. It will pass quite slowly and it will
cause you to want to do stupid things, like walking for help. Loosen any
restricted clothing such as belts, rings, etc. when blood flow is
restricted valuable heat is prevented from getting to where it needs to go
and as a result frostbite often sets in.

* Heat source; Candles,
Electric heater from cigarette adapter
Start campfire outside of vehicle (use road flares)
Propane lantern/burner
Chemical hand warmers ( warning :they do have a shelf life)
Homemade heater made from a coffee can filled with a roll of toilet
paper.




--- Pour 70% ISO. alcohol in can. (Toilet paper acts as wick) Light
with matches for 15 minutes every hour and it should keep your vehicle's
interior around 70 deg. especially if covered in a blanket of insulating
snow. 3-4 bottles of alcohol will last throughout the night. Crack open a
window to be sure and let in a little air to avoid depleting the oxygen.

Cell phone, if it works use it but always set a time to contact
people again and turn it off when not in use. Call only 911 unless they
direct you to another number. Give them names and numbers of friends and
family and have them contact them - save your batteries. If not enough
signal for a voice call, try text message. Even if you get little to no
signal, turn on your phone every hour for 10 minutes then off. The cell
tower may still register your signal. During daylight hours you can travel
within sight distance of your vehicle to try and get better reception.
Again if you do not know the area, know exactly where you are going and how
far , do not just start walking.

Most of this is either common sense and/or has been talked about for years
yet few of us actually prepare or act this way when these things happen and
as a result many people die each year from winter related accidents.

If you prepare even slightly, remain calm and have told folks your route
and when to expect you, you will survive. Depending on the remoteness of
your location it may be hours/a day / or a few days.