Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://sed.sao.ru/~vo/cosmo_school/presentations/Sokolov_paper.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Mon Feb 18 12:55:34 2013 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Thu Feb 27 20:48:21 2014 Êîäèðîâêà: Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: mdi

..

-,

, (7-) « », 14 27 2011 . . : http://sed.sao.ru/~vo/cosmo_school/presentations/Sokolov_paper.pdf . - (GRB), . - : ? «» - ,- . , : - .

.

LCDM . 1a.

1


. 1a. LCDM. Bing Zhang, Nature 461, p.1222

, , . 2a.

. 2a. (2000 .) . A.W. Blain and Priyamvada Natarajan: MNRAS (2000), 312, L39

, 1967 . VELA, ­ -? ( ~0.01-100 .) 2


- ( sub-MeV) ~ 1051-1054 . (T <10 msec) , cT < 3000 km. BATSE+KONUS, - , . : (~ 0.2s, 25%) (~ 30s, 75%). - : , , , , . . 3a .

. 3a. -.

(, -11, -12, -6, -9, , , Pioneer­Venus Orbiter SolarMaximum Missio n, ...), , -. (~1964 .) «» (. « . » (1986 ) . 206 , «-», , - ...) 1991 . GRO/BATSE. : , 1 ., ~1°, . -, , . 4a.

3


. 4a. 1637 -, BATSE 1991 . 1996 .

- (GRBs) (Costa et al. 1997; van Paradijs et al. 1997), . , 23 2009 , GRB090423, : z = 8.2 ((Tanvir et al. 2009; Salvaterra et al. 2009), . (Cucchiara et al. 2011) z ~ 9.4 for GRB 090429B). GRB 1997 2011 . : 1) - ; 2) - ( ) ; 3) - ; 4) , , , GRB - , .

­ , -. : 2 ­ GRB () (SFR) , GRB, GRB . - , (CCSNe) 3. 4 SFR GRB (GRBR) : z ~ 10? GRB, 4


GRBs CCSNe, ( GRBs-CCSNe) .

2. : GRB .

(Costa et al. 1997) (van Paradijs et al. 1997) GRB 970228 - BeppoSAX (Boella et al. 1997), -, - . GRB970508 6- BVRcIc - 1997 . 1998 . BVRcIc- GRB970508 Zharikov et al. (1998). - , GRB ( 30M) (Hogg et al. 1999; Bloom et al. 2001). . , GRB (Sokolov et al. 1999). BeppoSAX GRB - , . ­ - GRB, . ( GRB, , ..) 1998 . - 6- . , (. .1) GRB, , - . , - - () - . 5


.1. - 6- , 1998 .

(Sokolov et al. 1999) ( CCD-, GRB979598) , , - , . . , , , , , (Sokolov et al. 2001a) (SED). GRB980703 (z = 0.9662) - (. .2) 2200å, , . (Zafar et al. 2011) 2200å - : , GRB 070802 (z = 2.4541) ( 6


VLT/FORS2) GRB 080607 (z = 3.0368) ( ). 2175å (., , . .2 (Zafar et al. 2011)).

.2. : B, V, Rc, I, J, H, K GRB980703 (z = 0.9662). , , (Sokolov et al. 2001a).

1.

, (. 1) ­ GRB970508 (M
Brest

= -18.62) GRB980703 (M

Brest

= -21.27) ­

BVRI (Sokolov et al. 2001a). , BVRI- . , 25­26m (. . 3). , SED ( , , , , ) 7


(28- ) . , z ~ 7 « z = 7 ­ 8 IRAC DEEP/WIDEAREA WFC3/IR ERS ULTRADEEP WFC3/IR HUDF" (. Fig.1 (LabbÈ et al. 2009)).

.3. (SED) BVRcIc GRB970508 (z = 0.8349) . H- HST/NICMOS (). (Sokolov et al. 2001a). - (Sokolov et al. 2001a,b), : (I) - SED- . (II) SED- - . , z ~ 1 GRB, . (III) . (IV) - . , , -, -, . , , (z >~ 1). ~ 20 ­ 60 Myr-1 (. Blain et al.(2000)).

8


, -, -, (Sokolov et al. 2001a,b). Savaglio et al.(2006): - . -, 32 GRB, .. - , 2006 . , .. , . 7 0.4 < z < 1 -, . ((Savaglio et al. 2008) ) , GRB : , - . , . , - z > 2 (GRB-DLAs), . GRB z < 1, , GRB 0 < z < 6. Savaglio et al.(2008) : - - , -, ( ) , .

9


.4. R 12 -. R-, ( Sokolov et al. 2001a), , . «HDF F606W ­ ». F606W- FernÀndez et al. (1999).

.5. Savaglio et al. (2008) - ( ) Gemini (, Abraham et al. (2004)). -. - (Mannucci et al. 2011): - (., , Fynbo et al.(2008). , ­ ( ­ ) . - Savaglio et al. (2009) , 10


, - . . Mannucci et al. (2011) 17 , . , , - (FMR), Mannucci et al. (2010a). , - . , , (, Savaglio et al. 2009, Levesque et al. 2010 ), , , , -. - . , - (Campis i et al. 2011).

3. - (GRB ­ CCSN)
, , , ( ~ 1s ­ 100s) - , , . - . GRB980425 c CCSN SN1998bw (Galama et al. 1998) . , ( ) (OTs), - (Sokolov et al. 1998; Zharikov et al. 1999). (. .1) -, - (Sokolov et al. 2001c). , , GRB/CCSN (, Frail et al. 2002, Sokolov et al. 2001a) , - , . , - 11


, (Zeh et al. 2004). «» z < 0.7 ( - GRB 030329 GRB031203 GRB/CCSN, . ).

. 6. GRB030329, 6- (MPFS/BTA) Zeiss-1000 & NOT ( Sokolov et al. 2003; Kurt et al. 2005).

. 7. SN 2006aj , 2.55 XRF/GRB 060218 (Sonbas et al. 2008). ( SYNOW, Branch et al. 2001; Elmha mdi et al. 2006) (Vphot), , 33000 /, , <

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4000å. HI H PCyg Vphot = 33000 /. 8000 / H PCyg .

, . ( , z ). SN- (1+z) (15...20) . , - GRB021211, GRB030329 GRB031203, , - «» . , XRF030723 (Fynbo et al. 2004) XRF 020903 ( (Soderberg et al. 2005), , . , - , - (Zeh et al. 2004). : GRB 980425/SN 1998bw (z = 0.0085), GRB 030329/SN 2003dh (z = 0.1687), GRB 031203/SN 2003lw (z=0.1055), GRB/XRF 60218/SN2006aj (z = 0.0335), GRB 100316D/SN2010bh (z = 0.059) (. Hjorth et al.(2011) ). , XRF 080109/SN2008D (z = 0.0065, . ). . 6-9 6- .

. 8. XRF080109/SN 2008D ( Moskvitin et al. 2010). SYNOW (Branch et al. 2002).

13


. 9. , FeII, . SN1998dt 32 ( ) (. . 22 Branch et al. 2002). (SN2008D) (SN 2006aj) , (Moskvitin et al. 2010).

, - CCSN, , . , , -, . - , - () ( -, . ). - .10. (-) , , . , -, ( XRF 080109/SN2008D). - - ( Woosley et al. 2006).

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.10. GRB/SN.

GRB-CCSN . Hjorth et al. (2011), , , -, . , (Leonard et al. 2006). GRB (XRF) ­ SN , , , . -, GRB-SN -. - () . , GRB CCSN/GRB. , - (. . 1) z > 10.

4. - . .
, - , (~ 30 M) sub-MeV, . 15


, , . (CCSNe rate) (SFR). - (SFR ~ GRBR), - (GRBR) (SFR) (Ramirez et al. 2000). GRBR ~ SFR , : SFR z > 4, ? - GRBR SFR z ~ 4? (SFR) (. 2) -, . , - , , , (-) SFR. GRB090423 z = 8.2 (. Cucchiara et al.(2011) z ~ 9.4 GRB090429B) , SFR , . Kistler et al. (2009) SFR, -, . , - , . GRB SFR SFR , GRBR (Ramirez et al. 2000).

. 11. Kistler et al. (2009). Hopkins et al. (2006). ­ Lyma n- (LAE).

16


Lyman-break (LBGs) . , - ( ) , LBG.

(. . 11) 8 (Kist ler et al. 2009). SFR z. , , , GRB z . z = 8 GRB SFR LBG -. , . - ­ - . Yan et al. (2009) SFR ( M = 15.0 mag.). , SFR z ~ 10. , CDM- (Cho i et al. 2009, 2011). : 1. , - (, - 2001 . ) : - ( ) . . ~ 28 . - , -. ( ), . : , , , . , («» ), (Bloom et al. 2001; Djorgovski et al. 2001; Frail et al. 2002; Sokolov et al. 2001a; Savaglio et al. 2006, 2008, 2009, Mannucci et al. 2011). 17


2. -: () (CCSNe). , GRB ­ CCSN/GRB. , -, , GRB, . , , 2001 : GRB () ? , ? 3. ( GRBR ~ SFR ~ CCSN rate): - z ~ 10 . - z ~ 10 , - . GRB, , , -, , , , . z (> 10-50?) - ? GRB-CCSN .


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