Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://phys.msu.ru/upload/iblock/a59/2007-00-00-gruzdev.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Wed Sep 17 23:29:12 2008 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Mon Oct 1 21:04:23 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: antarctica

. ..





-à

25.00.29 ­

-

­ 2007


. .. : - - -

:

«18 » 2007 . «15 » 501.001.63 . .. 119991 , , -1, . .. , ,



« » 2007 .

- ..

2


. , , , , . , , , . ( 9.6 ) . , , . . , , . , . , , , , NO2, N2O, HNO3, CH4. ­ , . NO2 . ­ . , , ­

3


. ­ , . HO2, , , . , ­ . . , -Ñ . , , () (). 1987 . . 20-25 ( « ») . . .

4


. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. , , , , , , , , . . . . ; . 6. - . . 1. NO2 , Ñ . . NO2 . 2. , . 3. 2 2.5 . ,

5


, , . 4. . 5. , , , , - ­ , . 6. 11- 11- . , 27 . 7. ( , ). NO2 . 8. NO2, , NO2. 9. . NO2.

6


10.

,

- , . 11. , NO2 ­0.4. , 200 6500 , . , , , . . 1. - (NO2, N2O, HNO3, CH4 ), . 2. , . 3. ,

7


() . , . 4. , - . NO2 , . . 5. NO2 NO2 NO2. (Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change ­ NDSC), NO2 NDSC . 6. Ñ . 7. , 18, 16 30, MAP

8


(Middle Atmosphere Program), ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurements), "Calibration and Validation of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument Data", , 33- 34- . , . 1. - , , , , - . . 2. . . NO2 . 3. , , , , . 2 2.5 , 20 8.5 , . 4. , . 11- . 27 . 5. ;

9


; . . , , . . , , . , , SOCRATES . , , . NO2 . , , , , . . , . (, 1988 .; , 1992 .; , 2004 .), XVI (, 1991 .), XVII (, 1992 .), XVIII (, 1993 .), XIX (, 1994 .), XX (, 1995 .), XXI (, 1996 .), XXVI (, 2001 .) XXVII (, 2002 .) , 2- (, 1992 .), 3- (, 1994 .) 4- (, 1996 .) , 31- (, 1996 .), 32- (, 1998 .) 36- (, 2006 .) COSPAR, 1- (, 1996 .) 2- (, 2000 .)

10


SPARC, V, X XIV « . » (, 1998, 2003 2007 .), VI (1985 .), (1988 .), « » (1988 .), (, 1989 .), « » (, 1990 .), (, 1991 .), V (, 1991 .), (, 1992 .), (, 1992 .), (, 1993 .), , (, 1995 .), (, 1995 .), (IGAC) (, 1999 .), " - - " (, 2000 .); (, 2000 .); IAMAS (, 2001 .); " " (, 2001 .), " " (, 2002 .), EGS-AGU-EGU (, 2003 .), (, 2003 .), , (, 2004 .), EGU (, 2005 .), IAMAS « : » (, 2005 .). , , ,

11


, , , ( ), , . .. (-), (NOAA, , ), (, ), (). 100 , 44 . "Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone: 1989". (Lead authors) (IPCC) "Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System: Issues Related to Hydrofluorocarbons and Perfluorocarbons" (2005 .). . , , . 328 , 6 , 127 , 5 545 . . , , , , , . , .

12


1 « , ». , Ù . () . . 1.1 . 1.2 . , , 2, 22, NO, NO2, HNO3, 32, . - , 2- SOCRATES ( 2). 1.3 , . , , - , , . 1.4 .

13


, , , 11- 27 . 1.5 NO2, . 2 « ». 2 , , , . 2.1 , , . - (3, 4, N2O, HNO3), () ( TOMS), , ( SBUV), ( , ), NO2 (NDSC) ­ , (). NO2 . , , , ,

14


UARS ( . . .. ). 2.2 . (-) , SOCRATES, (NCAR) ; - HAMMONIA, . ; , NO2 ; ( -) , , .. . 2.3 , , . - , .. , , , , : - Ñ . 3 « ». , NO2, N2O, CH4, HNO3 . , , ( ) NO2 NO . ,
2

15


. . 3.1 -Ñ - , CH4, N2O, HNO3 () ( ) , - . , . : 0-, , -, , (0-) (-) , , . . 1 - 0 . 0- () , , . 0- , . 0- (). , 0- , . 0- 40 .

16


. 1. . . - . .

, , , . . ­ ( , ) ( , ). , - . , 1011 /c2 .

17


. 2. ( ) N2O 1 -1 . .

- . 2. N2O 1 . N2O. N2O . . N2O , , , . N2O, . , . , , . . 2- ,
-1

18


.. .. , - . - , . 3.2 . - , . . , . 3.3 NO2 () NO2 NO2 NDSC. NO2 ( ). NO2. NO2 Ñ . . 40°N 40-45°S, NO2, . 50-60%. ,

19


­ - NO2. NO2 , , . NO2 . NO2, 6·1015 /2, 40°N 60°S, ( 1015 /2) ­ . NO2 , NO2 NO2 . NO2 . NO2, , , . , NO2 . NO2 . 80% NO2. 10%. NO2 , , . 1991 . NO2 , 3- . NO2

20


20-25% . NO2 25 35%. 4 « Ñ NO2 ». NO2 4- . , . NO2 ( ). 4.1 (82.5°N) (75°N) (62°S) - ( ) . . , , - . , , - , , , 3. , . . , , , . , 80- . , ­ ­ .. « ». ,

21


, « », ­ 70- . 3, , , 25 . O3 ; . 4.2 1987/88 . 1989 . , NO2 . , 1987 . ( 100 ..) NO2 ( 3 , . . 3). - NO2, , . - 1989 . 62-66ºS NO2 ( 100%) , . , NO2 . NO2 NO2 . NO2

22


. 3. NO2 ( ) ( ) 1987 . 1988 . . .

. 4.3 . . . , . , . . , , .

23


. . 3 . 3 , , 3 . 5 « ». , , , , . 5.1 70-10 . () 2 2.5 . , : -, . 12 6 , 15, 10 7.5 , . 2 2.5 , . 20, 8 8.7 , , .

24


- (1/2 2/5), . . , . 5.2 () (, , ) () . , , , 2 2.5 . 20 , (. ). , , , . , . 4. - , , -­ () - (). . . 2.5

25


. , 2 ­ . 2.5- , . 2- .
. 4. (59°N, 94°W) (54°N, 114°W). : (/ ) , , (/) .
2 2 32

, , , 2-, 2.5 . .

( ­ ), .

26


5.3 . , . , , . = Xw ­ , "w'' "" 50 . , , 1 4 . , ­ . . 28­30 . 20 , , < 0, . 6 « , ». , . 11- 27- , .

27


6.1 11- () NO2. 11 . NO2 NDSC , , , , , , - ( NO2). 2- , SOCRATES. , 11- -

. 5. 3 3,
dyn

22

SOCRATES.

28


. 6. 5- , , , . F10.7.

. . 30% ( 22 ) (. 5). . . . : (. 6).

29


, - ­ . , (. 5). , NO2 , . 12% . . NO2 . , NO2 , . NO2 SOCRATES . , . ­ , . 6.2 27- 3- - HAMMONIA. , , 27- , , , ,

30


. - 27- . , , , . , . , 10% 1% 205 . 1%/%. 110 2 1% 205 , . 27 . , , 1-2 . 5 . 60 , 1-2 , 70 ­ . , , . , 70-75 ( ) . , ,

31


. ( ) 75 . 27- . , 27- - . 7 « ». 7- NO . 7.1 ( ) . ( 6). , , , . . 8 , ­ 18 10 . , . , . , , ­
2

32


« » «» . 7.2 NO2 NDSC. , , - ­ , -. NO (. 7). , ­ . 10% 10 . , , . . . , , NO2. NO2 . 2- SOCRATES NO2 (. 7), . NO2 NO2 , , . 7.3 . , (Golitsyn G.S., Semenov A.I., Shefov
2

33


. 7. NO2 () 95%- ( ) SOCRATES ().

N.N., Fishkova L.M., Lysenko E.V., Perov S.P. Long-term temperature trends in the middle and upper atmosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. V. 23. P. 1741-1744. 1996). 2- , SOCRATES. (CO2, CH4, N2O --) 50 , , (). , . , -, .

34


, . 4-6 . (~90 ) 3-4 , , 5-7 . , . . , . , . . . 8 50 50% . 715 . 2 , . , , , . , , . , 2, . 2 2, . .

35


. 8. () , 50 1.5 .

( ) ­ , . , . , , , , . , - 92-95 , . 8 « -Ñ ». - NO2 3 NO2 .

36


8.1 Ñ NO2. , , -5/3. NO2 , , -0.4 . NO2 . ( 70 ) , , . , , . 1 1/2 . ( ~28 ), (~3.5 ), - (~5.5 ) (~9.5 ) . 20 . , ~8 . 8.2 . SBUV Nimbus 7. . 9 50 (~20.5 ). 200 3300 .

37


6600 . 1 2. , , .
. 9. () 50 ().



. , 3300 , 30° , 6600 , 60° . . 1. NO2 Ñ . NO2 . 2. ,

38


- - . - , , . : , . ­ . 3. , . . 4. NO2 . , , . NO2 . 5. , , , . 2 2.5 . , , ,

39


. 20 8.5 , . , , , , - ­ , . 6. , . 11- 11- . - (, , , , .), 27- , . , 27- . 7. NO2, , NO2 . NO2 - NO2 ,

40


NO2 . , , NO2 . 8. . , , , , -- 50 ( 5-7 ), . ( 2- ) . 9. , NO2 ( ) . , , ­5/3. , NO2, , , (~ ­0.4). , 200 6500 , .

41


-Ñ , - , . : 1. .. // . . 1985. . 21. 11. . 1148-1159. 2. .. / .: . Y1 . .: , 1987. . 266-270. 3. .., .. // . 1988. 2. . 3-10. 4. .., .., .., .. // . . 1988. . 24. 12. . 1276-1281. 5. Gruzdev A.N., Mokhov I.I. Peculiarities of global dynamics of total ozone in annual course from surface measurements / In: Ozone in the Atmosphere. Eds. R.D. Bojkov and P. Fabian. A.DEEPAK Publishing. 1989. P. 117-119. 6. .., .. // . 1990. 7. . 36-46.

42


7. .., .. - // . . 1991. . 27. 4. . 396-407. 8. Gruzdev A.N., Karol I.L., Kudryavtsev A.P., Mokhov I.I., Sitnov S.A. Peculiarities of polar ozone annual course: analysis of satellite and ozonesonde data and model results // Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. 1991. V.71. No. 3. P. 183187. 9. .., .. 1987 - 1988 . // . 1991. . 4. 9. . 1006-1009. 10. .., .. 1987 . - 1988 . // . . 1992. . 28. 1. . 55-63. 11. .., .. // . . 1992. . 28. 5. . 475-486. 12. .., .. 1988 . // . . 1992. . 28. 7. . 739-744. 13. .., .. - // . . 1992. . 28. 9. . 943-952. 14. Gruzdev A.N., Elokhov A.S., Makarov O.V., Mokhov I.I. Some recent results of Soviet measurements of surface ozone in Antarctica: A meteorological interpretation // Tellus. 1993. V. 45B. 2. P. 99-105. 15. Gruzdev A.N., Sitnov S.A. Tropospheric ozone annual variation and possible troposphere-stratosphere coupling in the Arctic and Antarctic as derived from

43


ozone soundings at Resolute and Amundsen-Scott stations // Tellus. 1993. V. 45B. 2. P. 89-98. 16. Elokhov A.S., Gruzdev A.N. Spectrometric measurements of total NO2 in different regions of the globe // Proceedings of SPIE. 1993. V. 2107. P. 111-121. 17. .., .. // . . 1994. . 30. 4. . 491-500. 18. .., .. // . . 1995. . 31. 1. . 69-76. 19. Gruzdev A.N., Mokhov I.I. Characteristics of intra-annual variations of N2O and CH4 in the middle atmosphere // Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics. 1994. V. 56. 9. P. 1095-1098. 20. Gruzdev A.N., Mokhov I.I. Analysis of satellite measurements of ozone, N2O and CH4: annual and semiannual variations in the stratosphere // Polar Research. 1994. V. 13. 1. P. 13-22. 21. Gruzdev A., Mokhov I. Quasi-biennial oscillation in total ozone: Global behavior derived from ground-based measurements / In: Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere. Pt.1 (R.D. Hudson, ed.). 1994. P. 397-400. 22. Sitnov S., Gruzdev A. Manifestation of quasi-biennial oscillations in ozone vertical distribution / In: Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere. Pt.1 (R.D. Hudson, ed.). 1994. P. 393-396. 23. Elokhov A.S., Gruzdev A.N. Total ozone and total NO2 latitudinal distribution derived from measurements in the Atlantic Ocean in May 1988 / In: Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere. Pt.2 (R.D. Hudson, ed.). 1994. P. 695-698. 24. Gruzdev A.N. Possible changes in the dose of biologically active ultraviolet radiation received by the biosphere in the summertime Arctic due to total ozone interannual variability // The Science of the Total Environment. 1995. V. 160/161. P. 669-675.

44


25. Elokhov A.S., Gruzdev A.N. Estimation of tropospheric and stratospheric NO2 from spectrometric measurements of column NO2 abundances // Proceedings of SPIE. 1995. V. 2506. P. 444-453. 26. .., .. // . . 1996. . 32. 1. . 101-107. 27. .., .. // . . 1996. . 32. 3. . 370-382. 28. .., .., .., .., .., .., .. // . 1996. . 9. 9. . 1214-1232. 29. .., .. ( ) // . . 1997. . 33. 1. . 91-103. 30. Gruzdev A.N. Scale invariance of meridional distributions of stratospheric ozone // Advances in Space Research. 1997. V. 19. P. 607-610. 31. Gruzdev A.N. Long-term variations and trends in the total ozone annual cycle / Proceedings of the First SPARC General Assembly (Melbourne, Australia, 2-6 December 1996). 1997. V. 1. P. 205-208. 32. Bezverkhny V.A., Gruzdev A.N. Long-term variations in interannual quasiperiodicities of total ozone / Proceedings of the First SPARC General Assembly (Melbourne, Australia, 2-6 December 1996). 1997. V. 1. P. 209-212. 33. Gruzdev A.N., Bezverkhny V.A. Estimation of possible trends in ozone flux across the tropopause. Proceedings of the First SPARC General Assembly (Melbourne, Australia, 2-6 December 1996). 1997. V. 2. P. 378-381.

45


34. .., .. // . 1998. . 363. 1. . 110-113. 35. Elokhov A.S., Gruzdev A.N. Measurements of column contents and vertical distribution of NO2 at Zvenigorod Scientific Station // Proceedings of SPIE. 1998. V. 3583. P. 547-554. 36. .., .. // . . 1999. . 35. 6. . 773-785. 37. .., .. NO2 // . . 2000. . 36. 6. . 831-846. 38. Gruzdev A.N., Bezverkhny V.A. Two regimes of the quasi-biennial oscillation in the equatorial stratospheric wind // Journal of Geophysical Research. 2000. V. 105. No. D24. P. 29435-29443. 39. Elokhov A.S., Gruzdev A.N. Ground-based spectrometric measurements of vertical distribution of NO2: Ten years of observations at Zvenigorod Scientific Station / In: IRS 2000: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, W. L. Smith and Yu. M. Timofeyev (Eds.). A. Deepak Publishing, Hampton, Virginia. 2001. P. 859-863. 40. .., .. / " - - ". , 8-14 2000 . . , 2001. . 72-80. 41. .., .. NO2 // . 2002. . 382. 5. . 678-681.

46


42. .., .. // . 2003. . 389. 4. C. 528-531. 43. Gruzdev A.N., Bezverkhny V.A. About sources of quasi-biennial variations in the Northern Hemisphere extratropical atmosphere / Proc. XX Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, 1-8 June 2004, Kos, Greece. 2004. P. 341-342. 44. Gruzdev A.N., Elokhov A.S., Brasseur G.P. Trends in stratospheric column NO Kos, Greece. 2004. P. 963-964. 45. Gruzdev A.N., Elokhov A.S. Spectrometric measurements of NO2 in the nearsurface layer at Zvenigorod, Russia / Proc. XX Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, 1-8 June 2004, Kos, Greece. 2004. P. 965-966. 46. .., .. // . . 2005. . 41. 1. . 36-50. 47. Gruzdev A.N., Brasseur G.P.. Long-term changes in the mesosphere calculated by a two-dimensional model // Journal of Geophysical Research. 2005. V. 110. No. D3. D03304, doi:10.1029/2003JD004410. 48. Gruzdev A.N., Elokhov A.S. Ground-based spectrometric measurements of vertical distribution and column abundance of NO2 at Zvenigorod, Russia // Proceedings of SPIE. 2005. V. 5832. doi:10.1117/12.619837. P. 292-299. 49. Pyle J., Shepherd Th., Bodeker G., Canciani P., Dameris M., Forster P., Gruzdev A., MÝller R., Muthama N.J., Pitari G., Randel W. Ozone and climate: A review of interconnections / In: Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System. Issues Related to Hydrofluorocarbons and Perfluorocatbons. IPCC Special Report. IPCC. 2005. P. 83-132. 50. .., .. // . . 2006. . 42. 2. . 224-236.
2

at Zvenigorod, Russia / Proc. XX Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, 1-8 June 2004,

47


51. .., .. 11- // . . 2007. . 43. 3. . 379-391. 52. .. NO2 // . . 416. 1. 2007. 53. .. NO2 // . . 2008. . 44.

48