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Кодировка:

..,

D. Garofalo, D.A. Evans, R.M. Sambruna, MNRAS, 2010

D. Garofalo, D.A. Evans, R.M. Sambruna, MNRAS, 2010

D. Garofalo, D.A. Evans, R.M. Sambruna, MNRAS, 2010

A.Tchekhovskoy et al, ApJ, 699,1789, 2009
-:

Magnetar:

L j = 2 в 10

47

(

1ms B R erg / s ) p 1015 G 10km 100
2 2 4 2

2

2

2

4

Black Hole:

BH M BH k L j = 5 в 10 a 16 0 erg / s 10 G 3M 10
48

:

BH with a < 0 M = 30 M

(retrograde rotation)

BH = 1012.5 G, a = -0.9
BH

Cyg X-1
B ~ 100 . , , . . 0.5 ( ) , 0.0 . , . , B , 6 - 10 : B ~ 600 6*10^11 = 2*10^5 Rg. (1973):

B ( R ) = B ( Rg

)

Rg R

54

3 Rg B ~ 10^9 . , ~10--20 Rg, , , B(3 Rg) ~ (2--3) 10^8 .

R. P. Fender, E. Gallo, D. Russell, MNRAS, 2010

:
Lbol GM = Mc , RH = c2
2 BH 2 [1 + 1 - ax ], ax - _

M BH M

M BH M

L 5100 6.91 = 10 44 10 erg / s L 5100 7, 69 = 10 44 10 erg / s

0.5

FWHM ( H 3 10 km / s
0.5

)

2

FWHM ( MgII ) 3000km / s

2

L M BH = 2 в 106 42 H M 10 erg / s
L M BH = 3.37 44 3000 M 10 erg / s
0.47

0.55

FWHM ( H 3 10 km / s

)

2.06

FWHM ( MgII ) km / s

2

AGN (Equipartition)
R.-Y. Ma, F. Yuan, arXiv:0706.0124.
BH = k 2 Lbol c / RH , k 1
Lbol

GM = Mc , RH = 2 c
2

2 a 1 + 1 - M

BEd

2 8 M = 6.2 в 10 M BH

1

1

2

1 1+ 1- a M
2

, =

Lbol LEd

.
z Lbol/L
Ed

a/M = 0, = 0.057 9.0x103 G 1.5x104 G 7.1x103 G 1.8x104 G 3.5x104 G 3.5x104 G

a/M = 0.95, a/M = 0.998, a/M = 1.0, = 0.19 = 0.32 = 0.42 7.5x103 G 1.22x104 G 6.0x103 G 1.5x104 G 2.93x104 G 2.93x104 G 7.15x103 G 1.16x104 G 5.7x103 G 1.43x104 G 2.8x104 G 2.8x104 G 6.6x103 G 1.0x104 G 5.3x103 G 1.4x104 G 2.7x104 G 2.7x104 G

J0836+0054 5.810 J1030+0524 6.309 J1044-0125 5.778

0.44 0.50 0.31 0.61 0.94 1.11

J1306+0356 6.016 J1411+1217 5.927 J1623+312 6.247

Linhua Jiang, Xiaohui Fan, et al. arXiv.1003.3432

.

t

o

- observation,

t

S

- seed,

M

BH

( to )
9

=M

BH

( tS )

L 1 - to - t S exp ;= LEdd

,

Mc 2 = = 0.45 в 10 LEdd
B ( seed ) = BH

yrs Salpeter Time (M/ Begelman)

(

1 - ( to - t S ) to ) exp 2

Two most popular accretion models:

M

seed

102 M

,

M

seed

103 M

.

.

a = 0: M M

seed

10 2 M , z s = 20 В 30

;

a = 0.95 : M M

seed

103 M , zs = 20 В 30
;

;

(merging), ?!

a = 1.0 : M M

seed

105 M , zs > 20

a* = 0.998
J0836+0054

= 0.32
z = 5.810
LEdd = 2.6 в1047 erg / s

M

BH

= 9.3 в 109 M

L j = 3.9 в1049 erg / s

J1030+0524

M

BH

= 3.6 в109 M

z = 6.309

L j = 1.5 в 1049 erg / s
J1044-0125

M

BH

= 10.5 в 109 M

z = 5.778
LEdd = 1.4 в1048 erg / s

L j = 3.16 в 1049 erg / s

L L j = 5.8 в 1043 R - K.W.Cavagnolo et al., arXiv 1006.5699, 29 Jun 2010 40 10

0.7

Lj Lbol log = ( 0.49 ± 0.07 ) log - ( 0.78 ± 0.36 ) LEd LEd LR = L ( 5GHz ) Merloni and Heintz, 2007, MNRAS, 381
Willott et al., 1999, MNRAS, 309, 1017 L L j = 1.4 в1037 251.4GHz 10 W / Hz L1.4 < 1025W / Hz ,
0.85

W , L1.4 > 1025W / Hz
0.4

L L j = 1.2 в 1037 25 1.4 W 10 W / Hz

Punsly (2005) astro-ph/0503267 L j = 5.7 в 10 (1 + z
44

)

1-

y

2

( z)

F151 erg / s : F151 F151

6 7

MHz

y ( z) =

0

z

dx H ( x) / H

0

D. Hutsemekers et al.

V. P. Utrobin, N. N. Chugai, and M. T. Botticella

Brian Punsly, arXiv:0610042v1

Bz L j H = B Lbol R

1 2