Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~pgreen/Papers/PIA_AAStalk98.ps Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Fri Sep 23 18:23:39 2005 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Tue Oct 2 01:50:34 2012 Êîäèðîâêà: Ïîèñêîâûå ñëîâà: âòîðàÿ êîñìè÷åñêàÿ ñêîðîñòü

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ConcepTests for Introductory Astronomy
Paul J. Green
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
at the
Harvard­Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

TYPICAL ASTRO 101:
ffl large (?100 students)
ffl Earth to Cosmos in one semester
ffl phenomenological not conceptual
ffl well­practiced lectures, heavy on AV,
graphics
ffl multiple choice exams emphasizing recall
ffl competitive grading discourages student
interaction
GETTING STUDENTS UNINVOLVED!
ffl numbing blizzard of rules and facts
ffl critical thinking not engaged
ffl science by authority not adventure
ffl social/collaborative nature of science lost
ffl no personal stake

CLASS IMPLEMENTATION
An Example of Peer Instruction
http://hea­www.harvard.edu/~ pgreen/educ/PI.html
ffi First class: gauge student background
and prior knowledge. Prepare them for con­
ceptual class mode.
ffi Reading quizzes: encourages reading be­
fore class, and dispenses with the factoids.

CLASS IMPLEMENTATION
An Example of Peer Instruction
ffi Lecture briefly in ¸standard format on one
of the fundamental concepts to be covered.
ffi Present a ConcepTest: a short multiple­
choice question tests students' understanding.
ffi After 1 minute, the students record an an­
swer and are asked to turn to their neighbors
to try and convince them of their answers.
ffi 3 minutes for discussion and reconsidera­
tion, then each records a (new?) answer.
ffi A quick tally decides whether to stay on
this concept, or move on.

BENEFITS OF CONCEPTESTS
ffi Emphasize conceptual over rote learning.
ffi Emphasize student involvement in the
learning ­ and scientific ­ process.
ffi Engage student ego and attention.
ffi Provide student self­gauging.
ffi Provide real­time student/instructor feed­
back.
ffi Anticipated misconceptions challenged,
unanticipated misconceptions unearthed.
ffi Extensive documented success in Intro
Physics!

ASTRONOMY CONCEPTEST
DATABASE
Source 1: Instructor/Collaborators
Access Limitation
­ increases the database
­ prevents student access
­ increases instructor participation
­ facilitates evaluation, attribution, and
modification
Currently:
ffi 20 questions makes you a collaborator
ffi about 300 questions now on­line, organized
by topic
http://hea­www.harvard.edu/~ pgreen/
educ/ConcepTests.html

ASTRONOMY CONCEPTEST
DATABASE
Source 2: Quiz Genie
­ Instructor clicks on topics of interest from
a searchable menu (¸ 20 topics, 250 subtopics)
­ Genie generates and displays multiple
choice questions, answers highlighted.
­ Questions recommended for ConcepTests
are highlighted.
­ Instructor selects desired questions.
­ Genie returns an exam with headings.
Currently:
ffi ¸5,000 questions each cross­indexed by
subtopic (246 total)
ffi Seeking Java programmer
http://hea­www.harvard.edu/~ pgreen/
educ/ConcepTests.html

FORMAT of QuestionBank
al`a Ohio State
asked of
1009
students
question ---
ID --- 74.5%
--- --- right
--- Number of answers --- --- 22.8%
--- --- --- --- wrong
--- --- --- --- ---
CAV 5
If the force of the sun's gravity were suddenly turned off 1009 745 228CAV
*)the earth would continue to move, but in a straight line 763 756 CAV
1)the earth would move directly away from the sun 87 86 CAV
2)the earth would stop moving 24 23 CAV
3)earth would spiral around sun at increasing distances 67 66 CAV
4)None of the other answers is correct 65 65 CAV
?? NEWTN GRAV ACCEL
---
---
List of relevant subtopic codes

A HANDFUL OF REFERENCES
for Peer Instruction and ConcepTests
Paul J. Green
pgreen@cfa.harvard.edu
ffl Peer Instruction for Astronomy HomePage:
http://hea­www.harvard.edu/ pgreen/educ/PI.html
and Astronomy ConcepTest Database
http://hea­www.harvard.edu/ pgreen/educ/ConcepTests.html
ffl Eric Mazur's Physics Peer Instruction HomePage:
http://mazur­www.harvard.edu/Education/EducationMenu.html
and its implementation
http://physics1.harvard.edu
ffl Implementation at Eastern Michigan University:
http://www.emich.edu/public/fcie/usingpeerinstruction.html
ffl ConcepTests for Chemistry and Implementation at Wisconsin:
http://www.chem.wisc.edu/ concept/
PUBLICATIONS:
ffl Zeilik, M. et al. 1997, ``Conceptual Astronomy: A novel model for
teaching postsecondary science courses'', Am. J. Phys., 65, 987
ffl P. M. Sadler 1992, ``The initial knowledge state of high school astron­
omy students'', Dissertation, Graduate School of Education, Harvard
University
ffl Hake, R. 1998, ``Interactive­engagement vs traditional methods:
A six­thousand­student survey of mechanics test data for intro­
ductory physics courses,'' Am. J. Phys., 66, 64. See also
http://carini.physics.indiana.edu/SDI